scholarly journals Situational Analysis of the Production of Milk and Cheese in Several Productive Sectors of Ecuador and Its Quality Under Ecuadorian NTE INEN Regulations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eder Lenin Cruz Siguenza ◽  
Gloria Elizabeth Miño Cascante ◽  
Fabián Eduardo Bastidas Alarcón ◽  
Mónica Patricia Cruz Siguenza
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Road Systems ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Industrial Level ◽  
And Control

Nationwide there are higher levels of dairy product consumption compared to eight years ago, when the production of dairy products was sectorized in several provinces. This has spread around the country either by hand or on an industrial level. Some of the most outstanding include Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolívar and Chimborazo. Other southern ones include Cañar, Azuay and Loja. Most of the production, trade, and industrialization of milk and its derivatives has been developed in these mountain areas, which have similar climatic characteristics. Current regulations are not complied with in many of these sectors. The public regulatory institutions include INEN (Ecuadorian Standardization Service), ARCSA (Agency for Sanitary Regulation and Control), AGROCALIDAD, MIPRO (Ministry of Industry and Productivity, SRI (Internal Revenue Services), MT (Ministry of Labor), GAD's (Decentralized Autonomous Governments); these work to ensure the well-being of consumers. Minimum compliance of the regulations must be obtained for legal and sanitary operation. The minimum technical regulations specified for cheeses that artisans must comply with are the PCH's, HACCP and the BPM's. Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs) are common in rural areas, which often lack important factors, such as basic services, adequate education, road systems, and proper facilities for industrialization. The COVID-19 pandemic makes the future even more uncertain and an accentuated crisis will persist for many years in Ecuador. Keywords: quality, Covid 19, INEN, milk, production. RESUMEN Existe un alto consumo de Lácteos a nivel nacional con relación hace ocho años, donde la producción de dicho producto era sectorizada en varias provincias. Esto se ha extendido alrededor del país ya sea artesanalmente o a nivel industrial. Siendo entre las más destacadas: ‘Carchi, Imbabura, Pichincha, Cotopaxi, Tungurahua, Bolívar y Chimborazo, y los demás australes de: Cañar, Azuay y Loja.  En estas zonas de la serranía, con sus características climáticas similares, es donde se ha desarrollado la mayor parte de la producción, comercio, e industrialización de la leche y sus derivados. en muchos de estos sectores no se cumple con las normativas vigentes, para ello existen instituciones públicas reguladoras como son INEN (Servicio Ecuatoriano de Normalización), ARCSA (Agencia de Regulación y Control Sanitario), AGROCALIDAD, MIPRO (Ministerio de Industrias y Productividad, SRI (Servicios de Rentas Internas), MT (Ministerio del Trabajo), GAD’s  (Gobiernos Autónomos Descentralizados), las cuales deben velar por el bienestar de los consumidores, dichas normativas son de cumplimiento mínimo que deben obtener para el funcionamiento legal, y sanitario, en cuanto a normativas técnicas especificadas para los quesos siendo las mínimas para los Artesanos las PCH’s, HACCP y las BPM’s para las MIPYMES (Micro, Pequeñas, y Medianas Empresas), La mayor cantidad de empresas están asentadas en las zonas rurales, donde carecen entre muchas factores, entre las más importantes son servicios básicos, educación adecuada,  sistemas viales, instalaciones adecuadas propias para la industrialización. Lo cual hace un futuro más incierto después de que la pandemia COVID 19 deje una crisis acentuada por muchos años en Ecuador. Palabras clave: calidad, Covid 19, INEN, leche, producción. 

Who We Live With and How We Are Feeling: A Study of Household Living Arrangements and Subjective Well-Being Among Older Adults in China

2020 ◽  
pp. 016402752096154
Author(s):  
Wen-Jui Han ◽  
Ying Li ◽  
Cliff Whetung
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Relationship

Using a sample of Chinese adults over the age of 50 from wave 1 of the WHO Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (n = 13,367), we investigated the relationship between living arrangements and subjective well-being (SWB) in regard to life satisfaction, happiness, and control. We also looked at the moderating role of resources, proxied by income and hukou status. Multivariate regression results indicate that living only with a spouse was significantly associated with better SWB. Multigenerational living arrangements may not always promote SWB, particularly when resources are constrained. Yet, results also underscore the importance of daughters and daughters-in-law in promoting SWB among older adults. Older adults in rural areas had better SWB, including greater life satisfaction if living with grandchildren only, compared to their urban peers living with a spouse only. Findings suggest that context matters in the association between living arrangements and older adults’ SWB.

Impact of an Outbreak of Dengue Fever: A Case Study from Rural Puerto Rico

1997 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Torres
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

This study documents the impact of an outbreak of dengue fever for the people who experienced the disease in Lares, a rural municipality in Puerto Rico. Symptomatology presented by reported cases of the fever corresponds to the clinical picture of the mild form of the dengue virus. The study utilizes a combined quantitative/qualitative methodological approach. The findings indicate that social status is a significant factor in terms of who is affected by the dengue fever. The impact of the outbreak was greater for poor communities in the urban and semi-rural areas, particularly for women who described themselves as housewives and mothers, and their children. Social expectations and the family's demands for these women to fulfill the role of caretaker superseded their own sick role. In addition, they experienced the greatest loss of time as a consequence of the outbreak. The main effect of the outbreak on work activities not traditionally remunerated with money, such as housework, was the inability of adult females in the household to perform their routine activities to maintain family life. Moreover, the monetary costs of health care absorbed a significant percentage of the household weekly income. The impact on psychological well-being was related to the stress produced by the clinical, social, and economic consequences of the outbreak for women. Implications of salient results for dengue fever prevention and control, as well as for the field of applied medical anthropology are discussed.

scholarly journals Women’s Well-Being and Rural Development in Depopulated Spain

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Cobano-Delgado ◽  
Vicente Llorent-Bedmar
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Rural Women ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Rural Sustainability ◽  
Basic Services ◽  
Health And Well Being

The threat of depopulation in the rural areas making up what has become to be known as “empty Spain” is currently an extremely urgent national issue. Women are a fundamental pillar of rural sustainability, but the lack of decent living conditions has led to their mass exodus to the country’s cities. We analysed the factors undermining their health and well-being, thus leading to their dissatisfaction and their subsequent desire to abandon the countryside for a better life. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. For data collection, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed before being administered to members of the Rural Development Groups of the Celtiberian Highlands, while some of their number were also interviewed. Rural women experience personal dilemmas that prompt them to migrate. These include choosing between living in the place where they were born, close to their families and neighbours, and a decent productive job, the availability of basic services and a broader range of leisure opportunities, among other aspects. It is essential to acknowledge the socio-economic importance of women’s work, to identify invisible burdens and their risks and to adopt measures that facilitate the reconciliation of work and family life.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of human brucellosis in Isfahan, Iran

1974 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sabbaghian ◽  
A. Nadim
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Brucella Melitensis ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Ring Test ◽  
Human Brucellosis ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Fresh Cheese ◽  
Dairy Product Consumption

SUMMARYStudies on brucellosis were carried out to elucidate the epidemiology of the disease in Isfahan province, where Brucella melitensis is highly prevalent in animals and man. A positive milk ring test of 32% and 23% was found in unvaccinated goats and sheep respectively. Card and tube agglutination tests showed an infection rate of about 12% in sheep and goats and 42% in cattle. B. melitensis was isolated from 8% of 677 samples of fresh cheese examined.Of 1526 clinically suspected human cases, 476 showed laboratory evidence of brucellosis. Of these patients, 291 cases were from urban and 185 cases from rural areas. Cases from urban and rural areas were seen principally in the younger age groups. The median age of infection was 19·7 in urban and 15·7 in rural patients respectively. The infection was encountered mainly from April to August. This correlates with animal parturition and the greatest amount of sheep and goat milk production, which is introduced to the local market as fresh cheese. Raw dairy product consumption is the most probable way of Brucella transmission in urban patients. In rural areas, both dairy product consumption and contact with animals are sources of infection.

159-OR: Changes in Dairy Product Consumption and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes among U.S. Men and Women

Diabetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 68 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 159-OR
Author(s):  
JEAN-PHILIPPE DROUIN-CHARTIER ◽  
YANPING LI ◽  
ANDRES V. ARDISSON KORAT ◽  
MING DING ◽  
BENOÎT LAMARCHE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Dairy Product ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Dairy Product Consumption

A positive psychology study and intervention on the well-being of French PhD students in biology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Marais ◽  
Rebecca Shankland ◽  
Pascale Haag ◽  
Robin Fiault ◽  
Bridget Juniper
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Attrition Rates ◽  
Human Costs ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
Health And Well Being

In France, little data are available on mental health and well-being in academia, and nothing has been published about PhD students. From studies abroad, we know that doing a PhD is a difficult experience resulting in high attrition rates with significant financial and human costs. Here we focused on PhD students in biology at university Lyon 1. A first study aimed at measuring the mental health and well-being of PhD students using several generalist and PhD-specific tools. Our results on 136 participants showed that a large fraction of the PhD students experience abnormal levels of stress, depression and anxiety, and their mean well-being score is significantly lower than that of a British reference sample. French PhD student well-being is specifically affected by career uncertainty, perceived lack of progress in the PhD and perceived lack of competence, which points towards possible cultural differences of experiencing a PhD in France and the UK. In a second study, we carried out a positive psychology intervention. Comparing the scores of the test and control groups showed a clear effect of the intervention on reducing anxiety. We discuss our results and the possible future steps to improve French PhD students’ well-being.

Human potential in the system of social and economic development: problems and prospects of Vinnytsia region

2020 ◽  
pp. 71-80
Author(s):  
Olesya Tomchuk
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Human Development ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Human Potential ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Social And Economic Development

The article highlights the problems and prospects of human development, which is the basis for the long-term strategies of social and economic growth of different countries and regions at the present stage. Submitting strategies of this type provides an opportunity to focus on individual empowerment and to build a favorable environment for effective management decisions in the field of forming, maintaining, and restoring human potential. The analysis of the Vinnytsia region human potential dynamics in the regional system of social and economic development factors was carried out. Application of generalized assessment of the regional human development index components allowed the identification of the main trends that characterize the formation of human potential of the territory, including the reproduction of the population, social environment, comfort and quality of life, well-being, decent work, and education. The article emphasizes that despite some positive changes in the social and economic situation of the region and in assessing the parameters of its human development level relative to other regions of Ukraine, Vinnytsia region is now losing its human potential due to negative demographic situation and migration to other regions and countries. The main reason for such dynamics is proven to be related to the outdated structure of the region's economy, the predominance of the agricultural sector, the lack of progressive transformations in the development of high-tech fields of the economy. An important factor is the low level of urbanization of the region, which leads to the spread of less attractive working conditions and less comfortable living conditions. The key factors that cause the growth of urbanization in the region have been identified, including the significant positive impact of the transport and social infrastructure expansion, the lack of which in rural areas leads to a decrease in the level and comfort of life. Without progressive structural changes in the economy and the resettlement system, the loss of human potential will continue.

The Nexus Between Seniors' Tourism Expenditure and Well-Being in China

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-174
Author(s):  
Renuka Mahadevan ◽  
Vanessa Sha Fan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Empirical Relationship ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Tourism Demand ◽  
Leisure Travel ◽  
Policy Strategy ◽  
Tourism Expenditure

An examination of the two-way relationship between tourism expenditure and life satisfaction for seniors is undertaken in this article. This examination uses panel data on China's seniors and tracks the same seniors over 3 years. Results show that there is bidirectional causality between tourism expenditure and life satisfaction, casting doubt on previous studies that do not consider this two-way relationship. This empirical relationship highlights the importance of a two-pronged policy strategy— a government policy committed to social tourism programs for seniors who may not be able to afford travel and those who reside in rural areas. Another government strategy is to address aged concerns related to mobility and health to improve well-being and the provision of appropriate facilities for leisure travel. Senior tourism demand was found to be income inelastic and this result means that senior tourism can buffer Chinese economic growth in times of economic crisis and uncertainty, making the twin policy strategy a worthwhile consideration.

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