scholarly journals Interpretation of Hematological, Biochemical, and Immunological Findings of COVID-19 Disease: Biomarkers Associated with Severity and Mortality

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tooba Ghazanfari ◽  
Mohammad Reza Salehi ◽  
Saeed Namaki ◽  
Jalil Arabkheradmand ◽  
Abdolrahman Rostamian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
D Dimer

The severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread rapidly all over the world in late 2019 and caused critical illness and death in some infected patients. This study aimed at examining several laboratory factors, especially inflammatory and immunological mediators, to identify severity and mortality associated biomarkers. Ninety-three hospitalized patients with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were classified based on disease severity. The levels of biochemical, hematological, immunological, and inflammatory mediators were assessed, and their association with severity and mortality were evaluated. Hospitalized patients were mostly men (77.4%) with an average (standard deviation) age of 59.14 (14.81) years. The mortality rate was significantly higher in critical patients (85.7%). Increased serum levels of blood sugar, urea, creatinine, uric acid, phosphorus, total bilirubin, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, lactic dehydrogenase, C-reactive protein, ferritin, and procalcitonin were significantly prevalent (p=0.002, p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.014, p=0.047, p=0.003, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, p<0.001, P<0.001, and p<0.001, respectively) in COVID-19 patients. Decreased red blood cell, hemoglobin, and hematocrit were significantly prevalent among COVID-19 patients than healthy control subjects (p<0.001 for all). Troponin-I, interleukin-6, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), procalcitonin, and D-dimer showed a significant association with the mortality of patients with specificity and sensitivity more than 60%. Age, sex, underlying diseases, blood oxygen pressure, complete blood count along with C-reactive protein, lactic dehydrogenase, procalcitonin, D-dimer, and interleukin-6 evaluation help to predict the severity and required management for COVID-19 patients. Further investigations are highly recommended in a larger cohort study for validation of the present findings.

scholarly journals ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ELEVATED HIGH SENSITIVITY CARDIAC-TROPONIN I LEVELS AND INCREASE IN LEVELS OF C-REACTIVE PROTEIN, INTERLEUKIN-6, D-DIMER, AND CONSEQUENT CARDIAC INJURY AND MORTALITY FOR PATIENTS WITH CORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019: A META-ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
pp. 160-166
Author(s):  
DHEAA SHAMIH ZAGEER ◽  
SUNDUS FADHIL HANTOOSH ◽  
WATHIQ Q SH. ALI
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Cardiac Troponin ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cardiac Injury ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiac Troponin I ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
D Dimer

Objectives: This meta-analysis aims to investigate the role of high sensitivity-cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) as a prognostic factor for cardiac injury and as a risk factor of death for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This meta-analysis studies the impact of hs-cTnI elevated levels on C-reactive protein (C-RP) protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), and D-dimer (DD) levels in COVID-19 affected individuals. Methods: Of 557 downloaded articles according to chosen criteria for this meta-analysis, 11 were finally chosen as they met the criteria. Results: Male and elderly individuals were noticeably prone to COVID-19 infection and considerably underwent death in comparison with female and young individuals. Levels of hs-cTn I, C-RP, IL-6, and DD were significantly higher among dead compare to survivors for COVID-19 affected individuals. Conclusions: Levels of C-RP, IL-6, and DD were considerably high and in linear relation with elevated hs-cTn I levels. Hs-cTn I can be considered a reliable marker for COVID-19 infection prognosis and potent predictor of decease.

scholarly journals Inflammatory Biomarkers Do Not Differ Between Persistently Seronegative vs Seropositive People With HIV After Treatment in Early Acute HIV Infection

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine W Cai ◽  
Suteeraporn Pinyakorn ◽  
Eugène Kroon ◽  
Mark de Souza ◽  
Donn J Colby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Acute Hiv Infection ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Acute Hiv ◽  
Cluster Of Differentiation ◽  
D Dimer

Abstract Persistent viral activity may cause enduring seropositivity and inflammation in treated people with HIV (PWH). We compared inflammatory biomarkers between early treated PWH who remained seronegative or seroconverted and found similar levels of D-dimer, soluble cluster of differentiation 14, C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6, indicating that seronegativity does not affect chronic inflammation in early treated PWH.

scholarly journals Laboratory and demographic findings among patients with coronavirus disease 2019: A review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atefeh Mir ◽  
Khadijeh Kalan Farmanfarma ◽  
Hamid Salehiniya ◽  
Abolfazl Shakiba ◽  
Neda Mahdavifar
Keyword(s):  
Web Of Science ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Lung Scan ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The One ◽  
Increasing Trends ◽  
D Dimer

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the third known animal coronavirus, after severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). The mean age of the infected patients was estimated to be between 50 and 69 years old. Accordingly, the COVID-19 mortality rate was calculated as 15%. In this regard, the essential component of prevention and planning is knowledge of laboratory and demographic findings among COVID-19 patients; therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate laboratory and demographic findings among these patients worldwide. This systematic review was performed on the articles published in English between January 1, 2019 and May 4, 2020, using MeSH-compliant keywords such as "COVID-19", "Laboratory, coronavirus disease-19 testing", and " demography " in international databases (PubMed, and web of science Scopus). Thereafter, the articles relevant to laboratory and demographic findings among COVID-19 patients were included in the final review. Reviewing the included articles showed changes in the mean lymphocytes count ranged from 0.7 to 39 in hospital or severe cases. Moreover, Leukopenia was not observed in patients with thrombocytopenia. In addition, C-reactive protein (CRP), leukocytes, D-dimer, FDP, FIB, neutrophils, AST, serum creatinine, t-troponin, troponin I, and blood bilirubin levels showed increasing trends in most studies conducted on COVID-19 patients. Notably, the elevated LDH level was more common among children than adults. According to the results of the present study, and by considering the clinical characteristics of COVID-19 patients on the one hand, and considering the changes in laboratory samples such as lymphocytes and other blood markers due to the damaged myocardial, hepatic, and renal tissues on the other hand, it is recommended to confirm the diagnosis of this infection by evaluating the patients’ blood samples using other diagnostic methods like lung scan.

scholarly journals Risk factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in older severe COVID-19 patients in Wuhan, China: a retrospective observational study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Subi Abudurexiti ◽  
Meng-Meng An ◽  
Da Cao ◽  
Jie Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Older Patients ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
D Dimer

AbstractWe aimed to analyse clinical characteristics and identify risk factors predicting all-cause mortality in older patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A total of 281 older patients with severe COVID-19 were categorized into two age groups (60–79 years and ≥ 80 years). Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory data, and outcome were obtained. Patients aged ≥ 80 years had higher mortality (63.6%) than those aged 60–79 years (33.5%). Anorexia and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes and COPD, higher levels of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), osmotic pressure, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, high-sensitivity troponin I and procalcitonin, and higher SOFA scores were more common in patients aged > 80 years than those aged 60–79 years and also more common and higher in non-survivors than survivors. LDH, osmotic pressure, C-reactive protein, D-dimer, high-sensitivity troponin I, and procalcitonin were positively correlated with age and sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA), whereas CD8+ and lymphocyte counts were negatively correlated with age and SOFA. Anorexia, comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), LDH, osmotic pressure, and SOFA were significantly associated with 28-day all-cause mortality. LDH, osmotic pressure and SOFA were valuable for predicting 28-day all-cause mortality, whereas the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of LDH was the largest, with sensitivity of 86.0% and specificity of 80.8%. Therefore, patients with severe COVID-19 aged ≥ 80 years had worse condition and higher mortality than did those aged 60–79 years, and anorexia and comorbidities including hypertension, diabetes, COPD, elevated plasma osmotic pressure, LDH, and high SOFA were independent risk factors associated with 28-day all-cause mortality in older patients with severe COVID-19. LDH may have the highest predictive value for 28-day all-cause mortality in all examined factors.

scholarly journals Effect of Alzheimer Caregiving Stress and Age on Frailty Markers Interleukin-6, C-Reactive Protein, and D-Dimer

2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 963-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. von Kanel ◽  
J. E. Dimsdale ◽  
P. J. Mills ◽  
S. Ancoli-Israel ◽  
T. L. Patterson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Caregiving Stress ◽  
D Dimer

scholarly journals Clinical Characteristics of Hospitalized Covid-19 Patients in New York City

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ishan Paranjpe ◽  
Adam J Russak ◽  
Jessica K De Freitas ◽  
Anuradha Lala ◽  
Riccardo Miotto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Case Series ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospitalized Patients ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
D Dimer

ABSTRACTBackgroundThe coronavirus 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic is a global public health crisis, with over 1.6 million cases and 95,000 deaths worldwide. Data are needed regarding the clinical course of hospitalized patients, particularly in the United States.MethodsDemographic, clinical, and outcomes data for patients admitted to five Mount Sinai Health System hospitals with confirmed Covid-19 between February 27 and April 2, 2020 were identified through institutional electronic health records. We conducted a descriptive study of patients who had in-hospital mortality or were discharged alive.ResultsA total of 2,199 patients with Covid-19 were hospitalized during the study period. As of April 2nd, 1,121 (51%) patients remained hospitalized, and 1,078 (49%) completed their hospital course. Of the latter, the overall mortality was 29%, and 36% required intensive care. The median age was 65 years overall and 75 years in those who died. Pre-existing conditions were present in 65% of those who died and 46% of those discharged. In those who died, the admission median lymphocyte percentage was 11.7%, D-dimer was 2.4 ug/ml, C-reactive protein was 162 mg/L, and procalcitonin was 0.44 ng/mL. In those discharged, the admission median lymphocyte percentage was 16.6%, D-dimer was 0.93 ug/ml, C-reactive protein was 79 mg/L, and procalcitonin was 0.09 ng/mL.ConclusionsThis is the largest and most diverse case series of hospitalized patients with Covid-19 in the United States to date. Requirement of intensive care and mortality were high. Patients who died typically had pre-existing conditions and severe perturbations in inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Biomarkers of cytokine storm as red flags for severe and fatal COVID-19 cases: A living systematic review and meta-analysis

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0253894
Author(s):  
Ana Karla G. Melo ◽  
Keilla M. Milby ◽  
Ana Luiza M. A. Caparroz ◽  
Ana Carolina P. N. Pinto ◽  
Rodolfo R. P. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Aspartate Aminotransferase ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Red Flags ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
D Dimer

Objective To describe the laboratory parameters and biomarkers of the cytokine storm syndrome associated with severe and fatal COVID-19 cases. Methods A search with standardized descriptors and synonyms was performed on November 28th, 2020 of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, ClinicalTrials.gov, LILACS, and IBECS to identify studies of interest. Grey literature searches and snowballing techniques were additionally utilized to identify yet-unpublished works and related citations. Two review authors independently screened the retrieved titles and abstracts, selected eligible studies for inclusion, extracted data from the included studies, and then assessed the risk of bias using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Eligible studies were those including laboratory parameters—including serum interleukin-6 levels—from mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 cases. Laboratory parameters, such as interleukin-6, ferritin, hematology, C-Reactive Protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and D-dimer, were extracted from the studies. Meta-analyses were conducted using the laboratory data to estimate mean differences with associated 95% confidence intervals. Data synthesis The database search yielded 9,620 records; 40 studies (containing a total of 9,542 patients) were included in the final analysis. Twenty-one studies (n = 4,313) assessed laboratory data related to severe COVID-19 cases, eighteen studies (n = 4,681) assessed predictors for fatal COVID-19 cases and one study (n = 548) assessed laboratory biomarkers related to severe and fatal COVID-19 cases. Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and elevated levels of interleukin-6, ferritin, D-dimer, aspartate aminotransferase, C-Reactive-Protein, procalcitonin, creatinine, neutrophils and leucocytes were associated with severe and fatal COVID-19 cases. Conclusions This review points to interleukin-6, ferritin, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes, platelets, C-Reactive Protein, procalcitonin, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and D-dimer as important biomarkers of cytokine storm syndrome. Elevated levels of interleukin-6 and hyperferritinemia should be considered as red flags of systemic inflammation and poor prognosis in COVID-19.

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