scholarly journals Relation between ADHD and COVID-19: A Narrative Review to Guide Advancing Clinical Research and Therapy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samin Davoody ◽  
Stella Goeschl ◽  
Mahsa Dolatshahi ◽  
Rozita Davari-Ashtiani ◽  
Reyhaneh Saffarpour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Parental Influence ◽  
Parental Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Behavioral Issues ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity ◽  
Remote Learning

Objective: To cope with the COVID-19 pandemic, national health authorities temporarily closed cultural, religious, and educational institutions such as universities and schools. Children and adolescents with ADHD were challenged with the restrictions caused by the Covid-19 pandemic such as homeschooling and reduced physical activity. The present narrative review aimed to summarize the state-of-the-art regarding associations between COVID-19-related social restrictions and possible psychological and behavioral issues in children and adolescents with ADHD. Additionally, we discussed the underlying possible reasons of the association focusing on the role of parental influence and physical activity, vulnerabilities of individuals with ADHD to Covid-19 infection and to school closure and remote learning. Method: To collect data for the present narrative review, recent publications on these topics between February 1st, 2020 and January 10th, 2021 were retrieved from the most popular search engines (PubMed; Scopus; Google Scholar; Psych Info; Embase) through a comprehensive search using relevant keywords. Results: During confinement, children and adolescents with ADHD reported increased behavioral and ADHD-related symptoms and overall decreased psychological well-being. Factors negatively impacting children’s and adolescents’ behavioral symptoms and well-being were: less physical activity, adverse parental behavior, difficulties in coping with preventive guidelines, and school closure and remote learning consequences. Conclusion: Children and adolescents with ADHD and their caregivers faced both specific and general psychological issues related to the school lockdowns and homeschooling. Additionally, Individuals with ADHD seem to be more vulnerable to Covid-19 infection which highlights the need for better healthcare adaptation.

scholarly journals The traditional Chinese Baduanjin exercise for the enhancements in health of older adults: a narrative review

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fung Kei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Ageing Population ◽  
Successful Ageing ◽  
Effective Measure ◽  
Old Adults ◽  
Practical Implications

Health debilitation negatively impacts the physical and psychiatric states of ageing persons, consequently increasing individual, familial, and social burdens. Physical exercise is an effective measure to cope with this problem, and Baduanjin, a traditional Chinese exercise, is one of the choices. This narrative review analyses 58 clinical studies, which indicate the efficacy of Baduanjin for the health of old adults, including in physiological refinement, bone diseases, cardiovascular and cardiopulmonary illnesses, metabolic disorders, digestive sicknesses, cognitive impairment, and mental disorders. The results not only reveal the rehabilitative and preventive functions of Baduanjin, but also suggest health promotion through this physical activity for the ageing population. It also proposes improvements in methodological design and practical implications for the well being of seniors and successful ageing.

scholarly journals The Hidden Costs of COVID-19 and School Closure on Children

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Rosenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
School Closure ◽  
Marginalized Populations ◽  
Public Health Measure ◽  
Health Measure ◽  
Pandemic Flu ◽  
Considerable Concern ◽  
Remote Learning

An initial public health measure enacted in response to the COVID-19 pandemic was the closure of schools.[1] This action was motivated by previous observations regarding school closure and prevention of pandemic flu transmission.[2,3] In response to periodic school closure, many schools in Ontario have adopted a hybrid model of schooling with both in-person and remote learning. However, due to the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, considerable concern has been raised regarding in-person learning.[4,5] This is an important discussion to have as additional variants and waves are likely to arise, and school closure poses a substantial burden to the well-being of children —especially those from marginalized populations.

scholarly journals The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Societal Infection Control Measures on Children and Adolescents' Mental Health: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamile Marchi ◽  
Nina Johansson ◽  
Anna Sarkadi ◽  
Georgina Warner
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Infection Control ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Parenting Support ◽  
Infection Control Measures ◽  
The Impact

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is primarily a crisis that affects people's physical health. However, it is well-known from previous epidemics and pandemics that there are other indirect negative impacts on mental health, among others. The purpose of this scoping review was to explore and summarise primary empirical research evidence on how the COVID-19 pandemic and societal infection control measures have impacted children and adolescents' mental health.Methods: A literature search was conducted in five scientific databases: PubMed, APA PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINHAL, and Social Science Premium Collection. The search string was designed using the Population (0–18 years), Exposure (COVID-19), Outcomes (mental health) framework. Mental health was defined broadly, covering mental well-being to mental disorders and psychiatric conditions.Results: Fifty-nine studies were included in the scoping review. Of these, 44 were cross-sectional and 15 were longitudinal studies. Most studies reported negative impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on child and adolescent mental health outcomes, yet the evidence was mixed. This was also the case for studies investigating societal control measures. Strong resilience, positive emotion regulation, physical activity, parental self-efficacy, family functioning and emotional regulation, and social support were reported as protective factors. On the contrary, emotional reactivity and experiential avoidance, exposure to excessive information, COVID-19 school concerns, presence of COVID-19 cases in the community, parental mental health problems, and high internet, social media and video game use were all identified as potentially harmful factors.Conclusions: Due to the methodological heterogeneity of the studies and geographical variation, it is challenging to draw definitive conclusions about the real impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of children and adolescents. However, the existing body of research gives some insight to how parents, clinicians and policy makers can take action to mitigate the effects of COVID-19 and control measures. Interventions to promote physical activity and reduce screen time among children and adolescents are recommended, as well as parenting support programs.

scholarly journals Promoting the Participation of Children and Adolescents With Disabilities in Sports, Recreation, and Physical Activity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul S. Carbone ◽  
Peter J. Smith ◽  
Charron Lewis ◽  
Claire LeBlanc
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Office Visit ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Clinical Report ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Barriers To Participation

The benefits of physical activity are likely universal for all children, including children and adolescents with disabilities (CWD). The participation of CWD in physical activity, including adaptive or therapeutic sports and recreation, promotes inclusion, minimizes deconditioning, optimizes physical functioning, improves mental health as well as academic achievement, and enhances overall well-being. Despite these benefits, CWD face barriers to participation and have lower levels of fitness, reduced rates of participation, and a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity compared with typically developing peers. Pediatricians and caregivers may overestimate the risks or overlook the benefits of physical activity in CWD, which further limits participation. Preparticipation evaluations often include assessment of health status, functional capacity, individual activity preferences, availability of appropriate programs, and safety precautions. Given the complexity, the preparticipation evaluation for CWD may not occur in the context of a single office visit but rather over a period of time with input from the child’s multidisciplinary team (physicians, coaches, physical education teachers, school nurses, adaptive recreation specialists, physical and occupational therapists, and others). Some CWD may desire to participate in organized sports to experience the challenge of competition, and others may prefer recreational activities for enjoyment. To reach the goal of inclusion in appropriate physical activities for all children with disabilities, child, family, financial, and societal barriers to participation need to be identified and addressed. Health care providers can facilitate participation by encouraging physical activity among CWD and their families during visits. Health care providers can create “physical activity prescriptions” for CWD on the basis of the child’s preferred activities, functional status, need for adaptation of the activity and the recreational opportunities available in the community. This clinical report discusses the importance of participation in sports, recreation, and physical activity for CWD and offers practical suggestions to health care providers.

scholarly journals Improvement of well-being in cancer patients by yoga training

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-93
Author(s):  
Jörg Haier ◽  
Antje Duda ◽  
Claudia Branss-Tallen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Complementary Treatment ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Reduced Physical Activity

Background: Cancer patients frequently suffer from a reduced physical activity. Non-pharmacological interventions, such as yoga, provide opportunities to deal with these symptoms. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of yoga on the well-being of cancer patients.Methods: Between 2015 and 2017, we analyzed the effects of yoga on the well-being of cancer patients. Fifty-one patients received yoga training specifically designed to address cancer-related problems. Before the start (SoS) and after the end (EoS) of training, the WHO-5 well-being index was used to evaluate patients’ perception.Results: WHO-5 scores significantly improved from 47.1±21.4 at SoS to 69.7±15.1 at EoS. Patients in the middle age group (EoS–SoS: 28.0±20.6) showed a significantly higher benefit (p<0.005) compared with age groups <40 years (EoS–SoS: 10.7±15.4) and >60 years (EoS–SoS: 16.0±12.1). Patients with low initial scores benefited most from yoga.Conclusion: Our study showed that yoga training under experienced supervision could serve as a beneficial complementary treatment in cancer patients. Best effects were observed in patients with highly reduced well-being and 40–60-year-old patients.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of Motor Competence in Children and Adolescents: What We Know and What We Need to Find Out

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Luís Lopes ◽  
Rute Santos ◽  
Manuel Coelho-e-Silva ◽  
Catherine Draper ◽  
Jorge Mota ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Motor Competence ◽  
Physically Active

Lack of physical activity is a global public health problem causing not only morbidity and premature mortality, but it is also a major economic burden worldwide. One of the cornerstones of a physically active lifestyle is Motor Competence (MC). MC is a complex biocultural attribute and therefore, its study requires a multi-sectoral, multi-, inter- and transdisciplinary approach. MC is a growing area of research, especially in children and adolescents due to its positive association with a plethora of health and developmental outcomes. Many questions, however, remain to be answered in this field of research, with regard to: (i) Health and Developmental-related Associations of MC; (ii) Assessment of MC; (iii) Prevalence and Trends of MC; (iv) Correlates and Determinants of MC; (v) MC Interventions, and (vi) Translating MC Research into Practice and Policy. This paper presents a narrative review of the literature, summarizing current knowledge, identifying key research gaps and presenting questions for future investigation on MC in children and adolescents. This is a collaborative effort from the International Motor Competence Network (IMCNetwork) a network of academics and researchers aiming to promote international collaborative research and knowledge translation in the expansive field of MC. The knowledge and deliverables generated by addressing and answering the aforementioned research questions on MC presented in this review have the potential to shape the ways in which researchers and practitioners promote MC and physical activity in children and adolescents across the world.

scholarly journals COVID-19 Impact on Behaviors across the 24-Hour Day in Children and Adolescents: Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Sleep

Children ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren C. Bates ◽  
Gabriel Zieff ◽  
Kathleen Stanford ◽  
Justin B. Moore ◽  
Zachary Y. Kerr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health And Well Being

In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, social restrictions to contain the spread of the virus have disrupted behaviors across the 24-h day including physical activity, sedentary behavior, and sleep among children (5–12 years old) and adolescents (13–17 years old). Preliminary evidence reports significant decreases in physical activity, increases in sedentary behavior, and disrupted sleep schedules/sleep quality in children and adolescents. This commentary discusses the impact of COVID-19-related restrictions on behaviors across the 24-h day in children and adolescents. Furthermore, we suggest recommendations through the lens of a socio-ecological model to provide strategies for lasting behavior change to insure the health and well-being of children and adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic.

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