scholarly journals Antiplasmodial Property of Glycyrrhiza glabra Traditionally Used for Malaria in Iran: Promising Activity with High Selectivity Index for Malaria

2018 ◽  
pp. 135-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Ramazani ◽  
Mahdi Tavakolizadeh ◽  
Samira Ramazani ◽  
Hamidreza Kheiri- Manjili ◽  
Mehdi Eskandari
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Percolation Method ◽  
Development Of Resistance

Background: Development of resistance against the frontline anti-malarial drugs has created an alarming situation, which requires intensive drug discovery to develop new, more effective, affordable and accessible anti-malarial agents. The aim of this study was to assess antiplasmodial activity of the different fractions of root extract of Glycyr­rhiza glabra. Methods: Roots of G. glabra were collected from Tarom district of Zanjan Province in 2016 and then dried root ma­terial was chopped and consecutively extracted by the percolation method using solvents of different polarity. Result­ing extracts were assessed for in vitro and in vivo anti-malarial and cell cytotoxicity activities. Results: Among the three different solvent fractions studied, water-methanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed promising in vitro antiplasmodial activity against CQ-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50= 9.95 and 13µg/ml, respectively). Further, the selectivity indices (HeLa cells versus P. falciparum) for the promising water-methanol fraction showed selectivity for P. falciparum and potential safer therapy for human. Interestingly, water-methanol and ethyl acetate fractions showed a significant suppression of parasite growth (72.2% and 65%, respec­tively) in comparison with control group in mice infected with P. berghei (P< 0.05). Conclusion: The promising antiplasmodial activity of the aqueous fraction of G. glabra obtained in our study war­rant bioassay-guided fractionation of this fraction to identify active principles responsible for antiplasmodial activity.

scholarly journals Antimalarial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Extract and Fraction of Bidens pilosa against Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Yamssi Cédric ◽  
Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽  
Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽  
Mounvera Abdel Azizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Berghei ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Hematological Parameters ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bidens Pilosa

Background. Malaria is one of the most critical diseases causing about 219 million cases worldwide in developing countries. The spread and development of resistance against chemical antimalarial drugs is one of the major problems associated with malaria control. The present study was to investigate the antimalarial efficacy of ethyl acetate extract and one fraction of Bidens pilosa in vivo in order to support the usage of this plant by traditional healers to treat malaria. Methods. The extracts were prepared by maceration of B. pilosa leaf powder in ethyl acetate. The liquid filtrate of the extract and the best in vitro antiplasmodial fraction using HPLC were concentrated and evaporated using a rotavapor under vacuum to dryness. The antimalarial activity of B. pilosa plant products were evaluated in vivo against Plasmodium berghei infected mice according to the Peter and Rane test. The antimalarial efficacy of the a selected crude extract (ethyl acetate extract) was evaluated at 125, 250, and 500 mg/kg, while a selected fraction from ethyl acetate extract (fraction 12) was evaluated at 62.5 and 125 mg/kg. Blood from experimental animals was collected to assess hematological parameters. Results. The crude extract of ethyl acetate and fraction 12 demonstrated 100% in vivo parasite suppressive activity at doses of 500 mg/kg and 125 mg/kg, respectively, for the crude extract and fraction 12. The mice treated with 250 and 500 mg/kg had their parasitemia (intraerythrocytic phase of P. Berghei) drop considerably, disappearing by the 8th day in mice receiving 500 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate extract of B. pilosa, fraction 12 showed an even higher antiplasmodial activity. By the 5th day of the experiment, the treatment led to a modification of hematological parameters in mice. The chloroquine (5 mg/kg), fraction 12 (125 mg/kg), and the crude extract (500 mg/kg) groups all survived the 30 days of the experiment, while the negative control group registered 100% of the deaths. Conclusion. This study scientifically supports the use of Bidens pilosa leaves in the traditional treatment of malaria. However, the mode of action and in vivo toxicity of the plant still need to be assessed.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF RENNELLIA ELLIPTICA AS POTENTIAL ANTIPLASMODIAL HERBAL REMEDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Che Puteh Osman ◽  
Nor Hadiani Ismail ◽  
Rohaya Ahmad ◽  
Aty Widyawaruyanti ◽  
Lidya Tumewu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Hplc Profile ◽  
Marker Compounds ◽  
Quantitative Analyses

Rennellia elliptica (Rubiaceae) has been used by local Jakun Community in the Endau Rompin State Park for the treatment of jaundice. Previous study has revealed the antiplasmodial activity of the root extract and major anthraquinones isolated from the roots. The present study entails the optimization of extraction methods, qualitative and quantitative analyses of selected marker anthraquinones and in vivo antiplasmodial activity along with toxicity and inhibition of β-hematin in vitro. HPLC profile showed the present of marker compounds as major constituents with content ranging 3-12 µg/g extract. The root extract showed potent antiplasmodial activity against rodent malaria, Plasmodium berghei with ED50 value of 1.23 µg/ml BW. The major anthraquinones, damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal showed significant inhibition against β-hematin formation via lipids and HRP2 catalyses. However, the root extract is slightly toxic against hepatocyte cell. These data suggests that R. elliptica is a potential herbal remedy for malaria treatment and antiplasmodial of the root extract possibly due to the action of major anthraquinones. 

scholarly journals In Vivo Antiplasmodial Activity of Entandrophragma cylindricum (Sprague) Sprague Ethyl Acetate Extract in Plasmodium berghei-Infected Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Noumedem Anangmo Christelle Nadia ◽  
Yamssi Cédric ◽  
Ngongang Ouankou Christian ◽  
Simeni Njonnou Sylvain Raoul ◽  
Yondo Jeanette ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Plasmodium Species ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Control Group

Background. One of the most dangerous Plasmodium species is Plasmodium falciparum. Hence, it causes a higher rate of mortality. The resistance of Plasmodium falciparum to the ACT (Artemisinin-based Combination Therapies) has led to the search for new antimalarial drugs. The purpose of this research was to assess the in vivo antiplasmodial activity of Entandrophragma cylindricum ethyl acetate extract to provide a scientific basis for the use of this medicinal plant to treat malaria. Methods. Entandrophragma cylindricum stem bark powder was macerated in ethyl acetate to obtain the extract. The extract liquid filtrate was concentrated, evaporated and dry using a Rotavapor. The Peter and Rane test were used for the suppressive and curative antiplasmodial activities at different doses (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg). A positive and negative control groups were administered chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and 10% hypromelose, respectively. To assess the parasitemia of the mice a thin blood smear was made. Results. The ethyl acetate extract completely (100%) inhibited the development of P. berghei in the suppressive test at the dose of 500 mg/kg while that of the curative test was inhibited at 95%. The extract-treated group (500 mg/kg) and (Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) group all survived. The negative control group recorded a 100% mortality rate. Conclusion. The present study provides scientific confirmation on the use of E. cylindricum stem bark as an antiplasmodial remedy. However, the identification of the mode of action and the purification of the active compounds are necessary for further studies.

scholarly journals In-vitro Antimicrobial Activity and Phytochemical Screening of Fritillaria delavayi

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 85-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bijaya L Maharjan ◽  
Hari K Devkota ◽  
Bikash Baral
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Aqueous Fraction

Fritillaria delavayi Franch is one of the medicinal plants used in traditional medical system for ailment of various diseases. But scientific study of the plant has been less carried out for which the study was conducted for validation of prevailing medical practice. The soxhlet extraction of the bulbs of plant were conducted in various solvents (hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) differing in polarity. Maximum yield (6.79%) was obtained in aqueous fraction and lowest (0.14%) in ethyl acetate fraction. The phytochemical screening of extracts revealed the presence of volatile oil, glycosides, sterol and triterpenes, polyoses, saponins, reducing compounds, quinones, flavonic glycosides and coumarins. In antimicrobial assay conducted by agar well diffusion method, chloroform fraction was found to be more effective towards bacterial and fungal pathogens tested, followed by ethyl acetate and methanol fraction. The hexane and aqueous fractions were found to be least effective against all the tested pathogens. Among the bacterial pathogens, maximum inhibition zone was depicted against Klebsiella pneumoniae (22 mm) by chloroform extracts while among the fungal pathogens, greatest inhibition activity was observed against Fusarium moniliforme (19 mm). The antimicrobial activity of extracts suggested potential use of the plant in treatment of various diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v12i0.6484 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 12 (2011) 85-90 

scholarly journals Evaluating the wound healing ability of Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. Ex Benth.) T.g. Hartley

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (T1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Nhan Thi Thanh Nguyen ◽  
Can Minh Nguyen ◽  
Thuoc Linh Tran ◽  
Thao Thi Phuong Dang
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Control Group ◽  
No Production ◽  
Mice Model

Melicope pteleifolia (Champ. ex benth.) T.g. Hartley, a folk medicinal plant, is used by ethnic minorities in Bidoup–Nui Ba National Park, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam to treat effectively wound, inflammation and skin ulcer. To scientifically prove the claimed utilization and understand the mechanism of action of the plant, the in vitro and in vivo healing properties of the extract and fractions of the plant were investigated. The ethanol 70 % extract (50 – 400 mg/mL), aqueous (200 mg/mL), ethyl acetate (100 mg/mL) and petroleum ether (50 mg/mL) fractions were used to evaluate the antibacterial activities by using agar diffusion method. The healing properties were in vitro investigated through fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation and migration (7.8 g/mL to 250 g/mL in accordance with each extract and fraction). Besides, the macrophage-induced inhibition of the nitric oxide (NO) production was examined (15.6 – 62.5 g/mL). In addition, the excision wound model was used to test the wound healing activity on mice model. We found that the ethanol extract and the ethyl acetate fraction showed potent activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus feacalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The extract and fractions stimulated fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation in a concentration-dependent way. They also inhibited macrophage produce NO. In addition, mice treated by the extract formed scabs on wound excision of mice model faster than the control group. The wound healing efficiency seems to involve antibacterial, stimulating fibroblasts and keratinocytes proliferation, inhibition of macrophages produce NO.

scholarly journals In vitro and In vivo Antiplasmodial of Stem Bark Extract of Garcinia husor

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Healthy Kainama ◽  
Sri Fatmawati ◽  
Mardi Santoso ◽  
Pieter Kakisina ◽  
Taslim Ersam
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Biochemical Parameter ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Bark Extract ◽  
Vitro Assay

Garcinia husor is one of the folk medicines in Maluku-Indonesia. This species has been used for the treatmet of Malaria disease. The phytochemical contents and antiplasmodial activity not reported yet. In this study we evaluated the quantitative phytochemicals, in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity of stem bark ethyl acetate extract. In vitro assay was done using P. falciparum 3D7 strain sensitive of chloroquine. For in vivo analysis, four groups of M. musculus were infected by P. berghei and their parasitemia levels were for 7 days of treatment with ethyl acetate extract; hematological and biochemical parameter were analyzed at the end of experiment. The result showed ethyl acetate extract with the TPC (169.47 mg GAE/100 g ±0.61) and TPC (167.37 mg QE/100 g ±1.05) was active against P. falciparum 3D7 strain (IC50 value of 0.31±0.43 μg/ml). The animal treated with extract showed suppression of parasitemia to 87.57±1.41% compared with the P. berghei infected-mice (negative control), ED50 value of 22.30 mg/kg BW. The dose of extract in 200 mg/kg BW was reduce parasitemia of infected mice with P. berghei more potential. The ethyl acetate of the stem bark G. husor with has antiplasmodial properties and future investigation are necessary to elucidate its mechanism of action.

scholarly journals Assessment of Antiplasmodial Activity and Toxicity of Crude Extracts and Isolated Compounds from Oncoba spinosa (Flacourtiaceae)

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Kodi Philip ◽  
Peter Kiplagat Cheplogoi ◽  
Mwangi Muthoni Elizabeth ◽  
M. Akala Hoseah ◽  
Moses K. Langat
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Antimalarial Activity ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Antiplasmodial Activity ◽  
Isolation And Purification ◽  
Crude Extracts

Aims: The medicinal plant Oncoba spinosa is used by the local communities in Butebo County in Eastern Uganda for treatment of malaria and other diseases. In vitro antiplasmodial activities of the crude extracts and isolated compounds were screened against chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and resistant Dd2 strains. In vivo acute toxicity of the extracts and structure elucidation were also determined in the study. Experimental: Crude extracts of: n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and methanol were prepared. Isolation and purification of these extracts were done using chromatographic techniques which consisted of column and thin layer chromatography. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence. In vitro antiplasmodial activity was performed on chloroquine sensitive 3D7 and resistant Dd2 strains of Plasmodium falciparum using SYBR Green 1 assay technique. Lorke’s method of acute toxicity was used to determine the in vivo acute toxicity of the crude extracts in mice. Results: The root ethyl acetate crude extract had highest antiplasmodial activity of IC50:4.69 ± 0.01 µg/mL and 3.52 ± 0.02 µg/mL against 3D7 and Dd2 strains respectively while the remaining three were inactive against both strains of Plasmodium. Isolation resulted in the identification of three known compounds which included: β-sitosterol, benzoic acid and chaulmoogric acid. Among the tested compounds β-sitosterol showed the highest activity of IC50 3D7: 5.51 µM. Dichloromethane and hexane extracts were non-toxic with LD50 > 5000 mg/kg while the EtOAc and MeOH extracts were slightly toxic with LD50 of 547.72 mg/kg. Statistically significance existed between the antiplasmodial activity of the crude extracts and compounds when compared with the controls at (p < 0.05). Extracts and compounds exerted a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in antiplasmodial activity compared to the positive controls. Conclusion: The findings confirm the ethnobotanical use of O. spinosa by the local communities in Butebo County for the treatment of malaria. The results also suggest that the crude extract of this plant is safe and possesses antimalarial activity which can be used as a basis for in vivo and clinical studies to be done. Therefore the plant can offer a potential drug lead for developing a safe, effective and affordable antimalarial.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Enhancing Effect of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. Leaf Fractionated Extracts on Naja nigricollis Reinhardt Venom in Albino Rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 52-63
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Sani ◽  
Rabi’u Aliyu Umar ◽  
Sanusi Wara Hassan ◽  
Umar Zaki Faruq ◽  
Fatima Bello
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Azadirachta Indica ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Enhancing Effect

The lethality of snake venom is mainly attributed to its phospholipase A2 component that hydrolyzes cellular phospholipids, leading to the release of arachidonic acid that generates potentially toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS). Imbalance between excessive generation and poor removal of ROS causes lipid peroxidation leading to cellular damage. Hence, this research was aimed at evaluating the antioxidant-enhancing effect of Azadirachta indica leaf fractionated extracts on Naja nigricollis venom in albino rats. A. indica leaf was collected, authenticated and extracted using 95% methanol followed by fractionation using hexane and ethyl acetate. Ferric reducing antioxidant power assay was used for the in vitro test, while, in vivo experiments were conducted using Albino rats. The in vitro antioxidant effect of the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions presented ferric reducing power of 68.80 ± 1.40% and 71.54 ± 2.12% respectively. This are closely related to those of ascorbic acid (78.50 ± 2.80%) and α-tocopherol (75.00 ± 1.85%). The results of the in vivo tests indicated that a single injection (0.195 mg/kg b. wt.) of N. nigricollis venom caused significant (P<0.05) elevation of hepatic and renal ROS levels (7 and 8 folds respectively) with a concomitant increase in lipid peroxidation (LPO) compared to the control group. The ROS levels were decreased significantly leading to the decrease in the level of LPO in the envenomed rats treated with the hexane and ethyl acetate fractions compared to the venom control. The treatments significantly (P<0.05) increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) in both the hepatic and renal homogenates compared to the venom control. The degree of protection against LPO by reducing the levels of ROS as well as increasing the activities of the antioxidant enzymes has significantly (P<0.05) increased when combine treatment of standard antivenin and any of the hexane or ethyl acetate fractions was considered compared to when each of them was used alone. Based on these findings, it has been established that, the tested extracts have antioxidant as well as antioxidant-enhancing effects against the oxidative toxicity of N. nigricollis venom.

scholarly journals Evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-s) ◽  
pp. 152-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Singh ◽  
Manoj Bisht
Keyword(s):  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Alkaline Phosphate ◽  
Serum Glutamic Oxalacetic Transaminase

Objective: The main potential target is attempt to investigated evaluation of in-vitro antioxidant potential and in-vivo hepatoprotective activity of root extract of Quercus oblongata D. DON belonging to family fagaceae. Material & Methods: The root of plant was extracted by different solvents like n-hexane (NHEQO), Chloroform (CEQO), Ethyl acetate (EAQO) Hydroethanolic (HEEQO) and Ethanol (EEQO). The antioxidant activity (AA) was determined by the possible four complementary test assay methods namely total phenolic content, total flavonoids content, Inhibition of  2,2 diphenyl -1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals and ABTS (2-2’- azinobis) radical scavenging activity or quenching activity, in the hepatoprotective experimental  animal albino wistar rats (120-180gm) were divided into 6 group, each group content 5, Group I: Received distilled water (5ml/kg. p.o) once daily, and served as normal control. Group II: Received paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally as toxin control. Group III: Received standard drug Silymarin (25 mg/kg. p.o.) + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; orally once daily Group IV, V, VI administered HEECB at different doses300, 400, 500 mg/kg orally + paracetamol suspension (640 mg/kg suspended in 1% methyl cellulose; for 21 days. And collect blood from experimental animals by retrorbital puncture for estimation of biochemical parameters and other parameter also evaluate like physical histological changes in livers of rats. Results: Experimental finding reveal that Paracetamol produce significant change in physical (increase liver weight) biochemical (increase alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase, total protein, total bilirubin, direct bilirubin and decrease the level of total protein and albumin) histological (damage to hepatocyte) and in liver parameters. Pretreatment with extract significantly minimization of physical, biochemical, histological and functional change induced by Paracetamol in liver. Conclusion: Experimental data and analysis of different parameter declare that hydroethanolic extract of Quercus oblongata could be a useful hepatoprotective agents and antioxidant potential. Keywords: Clematis buchananiana, paracetamol, hepatoprotective, alkaline phosphate, serum glutamic oxalacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyuruvic transaminase.

In-vitro- und In-vivo-Wirkung von Schilddrüsenhormon auf das Wachstum von Neuroblastomzellen

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
R. P. Baum ◽  
E. Rohrbach ◽  
G. Hör ◽  
B. Kornhuber ◽  
E. Busse
Keyword(s):  
Cell Differentiation ◽  
Neuroblastoma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Initial Value ◽  
Initial Rise ◽  
Biphasic Effect ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Morphological Sign

The effect of triiodothyronine (T3) on the differentiation of cultured neuroblastoma (NB) cells was studied after 9 days of treatment with a dose of 10-4 M/106 cells per day. Using phase contrast microscopy, 30-50% of NB cells showed formation of neurites as a morphological sign of cellular differentiation. The initial rise of the mitosis rate was followed by a plateau. Changes in cyclic nucleotide content, in the triphosphates and in the activity of the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) were assessed in 2 human and 2 murine cell lines to serve as biochemical parameters of the cell differentiation induced by T3. Whereas the cAMP level increased significantly (3 to 7 fold compared with its initial value), the cGMP value dropped to 30 to 50% of that of the control group. ATP and GTP increased about 200%, the ODC showed a decrease of about 50%. The present studies show a biphasic effect of T3 on neuroblastoma cells: the initial rise of mitotic activity is followed by increased cell differentiation starting from day 4 of the treatment.

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