scholarly journals Are Price, Income, and Education Expenditure Important in the Iranian households' Demand of Healthcare Services: 2011 to 2017?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bahman Ahadinezhad ◽  
Omid Khosravizadeh ◽  
Najmeh Baghian ◽  
Bahareh Mohtashamzadeh ◽  
Saeed Shahsavari
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
P Value ◽  
Education Expenditure ◽  
Health Investment ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Demand For Health

Background: In health economics, policymakers need to be aware of the individuals' sensitivity and reaction to change effective factors on the healthcare services demand. This study aimed to estimate the healthcare demand function and extract the price, income, and educational elasticity in Iran. Methods: A panel of macro data was used to estimate the demand function. The data included provincial average of the nominal values of Iranian household healthcare and education expenditure, provincial average of their nominal income, and Consumer Price Index values of the healthcare services from 31 provinces during 7 years (2011 to 2017). This information was obtained from the annual Household Budget Survey Reports and no sampling was performed in this research. The dependent variable was the actual amount of demand for health care services. Robust pre-estimation tests and a robust standard error panel regression were run to estimate the demand function in Stata 15. Results: All variables were stationary at the first-order differential (P-value < 0.01). All four variables were co-integrated (P-value < 0.01). The cross-sectional and fixed effects existed for each province (P-value < 0.01). Income and educational expenditure had a positive association with healthcare demand. Price elasticity of demand was -0.897 (P-value < 0.01), income elasticity was 0.491 (P-value < 0.1), and elasticity of education expenditure was 0.486 (P-value < 0.01). Noteworthy, 1 % increase was observed in the household incomes and their educational expenditure increased the demand for health care services by about 0.49 % and 0.48 %, respectively. Conclusion: Healthcare services have been low elastic to price and education expenditure and have also been the essential commodity in the household budget in Iranian households. Later, the price and income coefficients were consistent with the health investment model, but coefficient of the education expenditure was not matched with predictions of the health investment model. 

scholarly journals Access and participation: What factors influence the provision and utilisation of health care services by children with learning disabilities?

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S452-S452
Author(s):  
A. Rebowska
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Young People ◽  
Intellectual Disabilities ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Children And Young People ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Wide Range

AimsThe aim of this literature review is to explore the range of factors that influence the degree of access to health care services by children and young people with learning disabilities.BackgroundChildren with learning disabilities are at increased risk of a wide range of health conditions comparing with their peers. However, recent reports by UK government as well as independent charities working with children and young people with learning disabilities demonstrated that they are at risk of poor health outcomes as a result of barriers preventing them from accessing most appropriate services.MethodsComprehensive searches were conducted in six databases. Articles were also obtained through review of references, a search of the grey literature, and contacting experts in the field. The inclusion criteria were for studies evaluating access to healthcare services, identification and communication of health needs, organisational aspects impacting on access and utilisation, staff attitudes where they impacted on access, barriers, discrimination in patients with intellectual disabilities age 0–18. The literature search identified a sample of 36 papers. The marked heterogeneity of studies excluded conducting a meta-analysis.ResultsBarriers to access included problems with identification of healthcare needs by carers and healthcare professionals, communication difficulties, the inadequacy of facilities, geographical and physical barriers, organisational factors such as inflexible appointment times, attitudes and poor knowledge base of healthcare staff.ConclusionThe factors identified can serve as a guide for managers and clinicians aiming to improve access to their healthcare services for children and young people with intellectual disabilities.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Current situation and capacity to deliver healthcare services at grassroots level in Minh Hoa district, Quang Binh province

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-34
Author(s):  
Dang Thanh Nam ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thuy Duong ◽  
Phan Le Thu Hang ◽  
Tham Chi Dung
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Current Situation ◽  
Health Care Facilities ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Disease Pattern ◽  
Grassroots Level

Strengthening the health care system at grassroots level is a top priority of the Vietnam Government agenda at the present. Recently, the overall system has been improved, however the capacity to deliver healthcare services, especially primary health care was still facing to many shortcomings. The study aimed to assess the current situation and capacity to deliver health care services at grassroots level. All health care facilities in the Minh Hoa district, Quang Binh province in 2018 were selected, included Minh Hoa District Hospital (DHs) and 16 Commune Health Center (CHCs). The results showed that the disease patterns tended to primarily concentrate on the illness which weres related to the human lifestyle and health behaviors such as living habits, eating unhealthy food, stress and also natural environment. Utilization of the curative services increased over the year, especially the laboratory testing and health examination services. However, the facility infrastructures did not meet the national standard. The function rooms in the facilities being degraded and damaged remained at high proportion which were required to renovate. The facilities lacked of large number of essential equipment and materials. In order to strengthen the capacity to deliver the health care services, the study recommended to invest to standardize infrastructure, provision of essential equipment, materials and drugs in correspondent to the disease pattern.

Umowy o udzielanie świadczeń opieki zdrowotnej zawierane przez Narodowy Fundusz Zdrowia (leczenie w ramach ubezpieczenia zdrowotnego) a leczenie na zasadach komercyjnych. Implikacje prawne i praktyczne

2021 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Paweł Lipowski
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Public Payer ◽  
Universal Health

The aim of this study is to identify the legal characteristics of contracts for the health care services provided by a public payer, i.e. the National Health Fund (NFZ) as part of treatment covered by universal health insurance, as compared to those provided by the health care providers with public or private legal status. This issue is discussed in relation to the legal conditions for the treatment of patients on a commercial basis in those institutions (private or public) which have contracts for the provision of healthcare services under the general health insurance (so-called contracts). The discussion is presented based on author’s own observations, resulting both from his scientific studies in the field of medical law and his work in various entities operating in the health care system.

2. The Provision of HealthCare Services: The NHS, Resource Allocation, and Public Health

Medical Law ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 37-120
Author(s):  
Emily Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Healthy Behaviour

All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter examines the provision of health care services. It first considers the way in which NHS services are commissioned. Secondly, it covers the issue of resource allocation or rationing. It examines different rationing strategies, and considers the role of the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence, and the use of judicial review to challenge funding decisions. Finally, it examines public health law, and role of the state in encouraging healthy behaviour and addressing health inequalities.

Tackling malnutrition: improving patient outcomes and reducing demand on healthcare services

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 176-181
Author(s):  
Anne Holdoway
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Early Intervention ◽  
Patient Outcomes ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Health Burden ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Significant Health

Malnutrition represents a significant health burden in the UK, affecting patient outcomes and costing health care services over £20 billion. Anne Holdoway discusses opportunities for early intervention and explains how healthcare managers can help to address this issue.

scholarly journals Responding to Traveling Patients' Seasonal Demand for Health Care Services

2015 ◽  
Vol 180 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahed Al-Haque ◽  
Mehmet Erkan Ceyhan ◽  
Stephanie H. Chan ◽  
Deborah J. Nightingale
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Seasonal Demand ◽  
Demand For Health Care ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Demand For Health

Improving the efficacy of healthcare services for Aboriginal Australians

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kylie Gwynne ◽  
Thomas Jeffries Jr ◽  
Michelle Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Service ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Aboriginal People ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Aboriginal Australians ◽  
Australian Aboriginal ◽  
Care Services

Objective The aim of the present systematic review was to examine the enablers for effective health service delivery for Aboriginal Australians. Methods This systematic review was undertaken in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Papers were included if they had data related to health services for Australian Aboriginal people and were published between 2000 and 2015. The 21 papers that met the inclusion criteria were assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies. Seven papers were subsequently excluded due to weak methodological approaches. Results There were two findings in the present study: (1) that Aboriginal people fare worse than non-Aboriginal people when accessing usual healthcare services; and (2) there are five enablers for effective health care services for Australian Aboriginal people: cultural competence, participation rates, organisational, clinical governance and compliance, and availability of services. Conclusions Health services for Australian Aboriginal people must be tailored and implementation of the five enablers is likely to affect the effectiveness of health services for Aboriginal people. The findings of the present study have significant implications in directing the future design, funding, delivery and evaluation of health care services for Aboriginal Australians. What is known about the topic? There is significant evidence about poor health outcomes and the 10-year gap in life expectancy between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal people, and limited evidence about improving health service efficacy. What does this paper add? This systematic review found that with usual health care delivery, Aboriginal people experience worse health outcomes. This paper identifies five strategies in the literature that improve the effectiveness of health care services intended for Aboriginal people. What are the implications for practitioners? Aboriginal people fare worse in both experience and outcomes when they access usual care services. Health services intended for Aboriginal people should be tailored using the five enablers to provide timely, culturally safe and high-quality care.

scholarly journals Uptake of Health Care Services by Refugees: Modelling a Country Response to a Western Balkan Refugee Crisis

Healthcare ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 560
Author(s):  
Milena Santric-Milicevic ◽  
Milena Vasic ◽  
Vladimir Vasic ◽  
Mirjana Zivkovic-Sulovic ◽  
Dragana Cirovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Refugee Crisis ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Transit Country ◽  
The Right ◽  
Demand For Health ◽  
Political Decision Making

Planning and adjusting health capacities to meet the needs of refugees is a constant issue for transit and destination countries following the 2015/2016 Western Balkans refugee crisis. Understanding this crisis is important for taking the right steps in the future. The study informs about the prediction of the refugees’ health needs and demands for services in correspondence to political decision-making during 2015/2016 Western Balkan Refugee Crisis. Time series analysis, linear regression, and correlation analyses modelled the weekly flux of arrivals of more than half a million refugees to Serbia and the European Union, changes in the utilization of health care services, and disease diagnoses. With strategic planning, in the event of a recurrence of the refugee crises, the demand for health care services in the transit country could increase by 63 (95% CI: 21–105) for every additional 1000 refugees.

scholarly journals (A194) “Displaced Voices”: Are those Displaced by War Satisfied with the Provision and Quality of Health Care they Received?

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S1) ◽  
pp. s54-s55
Author(s):  
K. Wickramage ◽  
R. Surentrikumaran
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Qualitative Methodology ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Community Health Volunteers ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Humanitarian Response ◽  
Displaced Children

Research into how war-displaced communities value or prioritize aid response is limited. A clearer conceptualization of what affected populations seek from the international humanitarian response to their needs would be valuable in planning for emergencies.AimExploring internally displaced person's (IDP) experiences and perceptions of the humanitarian response, with a focus on health risks, resources, and health services received during their displacement.MethodA mixed-method approach using both quantitative and qualitative methods was used. This study assessed the perceptions of IDPs on provision of health and other services using an interviewer-administered-questionnaire (survey) using a sample frame that included the entire displaced population of 150,000 IDPs living in 97 camps. Findings from the survey were synthesized with the key themes that emerged through the qualitative methodology. In-depth interviews were conducted with health cluster actors. An innovative child-to-child (CTC) based research methodology was used to ascertain the insights and perceptions of displaced children and adolescents.ResultsThe survey revealed community satisfaction with health care services immediately after displacement (within IDP camps) improved considerably from 63% to 80% (6 months after the acute phase). Significant gains also were registered for shelter (54.2% to 81.4%), and sanitation (47.4% to 62%). Satisfaction of services rendered by primary healthcare workers also were high; 81.7% for public health midwife (who provided maternal and child health care), and 76.8% for public health inspectors (who provided environmental health and disease control). However, CTC workshops revealed inequalities in access to food based on ‘caste’ and occupation. Protection issues relating to violence from community and militant groups were reported.ConclusionsDespite IDP satisfaction with healthcare services, there were gaps in food security and violence/protection activities. Recognizing of the role/impact community health volunteers play in health care is an important factor in enhancing primary health care services in IDP camps.

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