scholarly journals Microbiological Status and Quality Traits of Ready-to-Eat Minimally Processed Vegetables Sold in Córdoba, Argentina

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.L. Baraquet ◽  
O.F. Camiletti ◽  
C.I. Moretti ◽  
L.E. Rodríguez ◽  
C. Vázquez
Keyword(s):  
International Standards ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Minimally Processed Vegetables ◽  
Microbiological Status

Background: The changes and the availability of processed foods have increased the demand for ready-to-eat foods, such as Minimally Processed Vegetables (MPVs). The purpose of this work was to evaluate the microbiological status and quality traits of the MPVs obtained from retail outlets of Córdoba, Argentina. Methods: Totally, 60 MPVs of 12 brands (30 single-ingredient salads and 30 mixed salad trays) were randomly sampled from different retail outlets of Córdoba, Argentina. The samples were analyzed according to international standards for Total Coliforms (TC), Fecal Coliforms (FC), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Yeast and Molds (YM). The quality traits (respect to physical and sensory properties) of the MPVs were evaluated. Statistical analyses were performed with InfoStat. Results: All 60 MPV samples were positive for TC, ranging from 1.32 to 3.38 log Most Probable Number (MPN)/g. FC counts ranged from 0.30 to 1.95 log MPN/g. Out of 60 samples, 15 (25%) were positive for E. coli. Three brands of mixed trays were positive for S. aureus. Regarding sensory characteristics, the parameters such as freshness, turgid, normal color, decay, and dehydration were compliance in 42 out of 60 (70%) samples. Conclusion: Some MPVs sampled from Córdoba, Argentina showed low microbiological quality and imperfect quality traits.

The relationship between three potential pathogens and pollution indicator organisms in Nova Scotian coastal waters

1983 ◽  
Vol 29 (10) ◽  
pp. 1261-1269 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. J. Robertson ◽  
R. S. Tobin
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Indicator Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Fecal Indicator ◽  
Filtration Method ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Pollution Indicator ◽  
Nova Scotian

Fifteen stations, in two estuaries, along the Northumberland Strait of Nova Scotia were examined between June and September 1981 for a relationship between the concentrations of commonly monitored fecal indicator bacteria and the potential pathogens Candida albicans, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Increased densities of these three organisms were usually associated with high densities of indicator bacteria. Whereas C. albicans and P. aeruginosa occur in human fecal wastes, V. parahaemolyticus is indigenous to the marine environment and positively responds to elevated nutrient levels in sewage. There is also some evidence that these bacteria survive as long or longer in marine waters than the common indicator bacteria. While membrane-filtration techniques for the enumeration of C. albicans and P. aeruginosa proved satisfactory, a V. parahaemolyticus membrane-filtration method lacked specificity and was supplemented by a most-probable-number method. In marine recreational and shellfish waters, these three organisms could complement fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci as indicators of human fecal contamination.

scholarly journals Hygienic sanitary conditions of vacuum packed beef produced by slaughterhouses qualified for export in the Mato Grosso state, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maxsueli Aparecida Moura Machado ◽  
Barbara Müller ◽  
Ricardo César Tavares Carvalho ◽  
Eduardo Eustáquio de Souza Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Legal Standards ◽  
Market Expansion ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

ABSTRACT: Brazil is the largest exporter of beef of the world and Mato Grosso State is the highest beef producer in this country. To maintain product competitiveness and market expansion, sanitary hygienic control of the entire process is indispensable to ensure the attainment of harmless beef and quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions of vacuum-packed beef produced by establishments qualified for export in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil. A total of 60 samples were submitted to coliforms counts at 35°C and at 45°C and E. coli. The mean contamination by at 35°C and coliforms at 45°C were 3,1 x 102MPN/g and 7.7MPN/g respectively. The presence of E. coli was verified in five samples, representing an occurrence of 8.3% (5/60), and Salmonella spp. in 5% (03/60) of the analyzed samples. The MPN (Most Probable Number) average of coliforms at 35°C and 45°C are in accordance to national and international legislation; however, the presence of Samonella spp., E. coli in some sample indicates a low risk of occurrence of salmonellosis and colibacillosis transmitted by the evaluated beef. However, transmission risk of these diseases cannot be ruled out, since the presence of E. coli does not depend on the amount of coliforms and national legal standards established for the group of thermotolerant coliforms.

Monitoring the Microbial Populations and Temperatures of Fresh Broccoli from Harvest to Retail Display†

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 1118-1125 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DALLAIRE ◽  
D. I. LeBLANC ◽  
C. C. TRANCHANT ◽  
L. VASSEUR ◽  
P. DELAQUIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Experimental Variability ◽  
Retail Display

Microbial populations and the temperature of fresh broccoli were monitored at several steps of a supply chain by sampling 33 distinct lots of locally grown produce over two seasons during harvest, storage, wholesale handling, and retail display. Imported broccoli was also sampled, but only at retail display. Microbiological analyses were conducted on the florets of 201 local and 60 imported broccoli samples to determine populations of total aerobic bacteria (aerobic colony count), fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and Listeria monocytogenes. All the samples had mean aerobic colony counts ranging between 4 and 6 log CFU/g, but L. monocytogenes was not detected (limit of detection = 100 CFU/g). Fecal coliforms and E. coli (limit of detection = 20 most probable number per 100 g) were found in 22 of 126 samples of local broccoli collected at various steps of the production and distribution system during the first season. None was found in 75 samples collected in the second season. Fecal coliforms and E. coli were found in 2 of 60 imported broccoli samples. Broccoli temperatures were relatively well controlled throughout the production and distribution system. No clear change in produce microbial populations was evident between harvest and retail display, during both sampling seasons. However, a large experimental variability was found, possibly associated with the high variability of the initial levels of microbial populations on broccoli at harvest.

scholarly journals Methods for the Recovery of Salmonella spp. from Carboxymethylcellulose Gum, Gum Ghatti, and Gelatin

1998 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
René Miguel Amaguaña ◽  
Thomas S Hammack ◽  
Wallace H Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Final Concentration ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Test Portion ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Ph Adjustment ◽  
Gum Ghatti ◽  
Thickening Agents ◽  
The U.S

Abstract Foods analyzed for Salmonella spp. by the procedure in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's Bacteriological Analytical Manual are preenriched at a 1:9 test portion/broth ratio. Various thickening agents preenriched at this ratio become viscous and nonpipettable after 24 h incubation at 35 C. The effects of 3 factors (presence of inorganic salts, adjustment of pH, and presence of enzymes) on the viscosity of the test portion/preenrichment mixtures of various thickening agents during incubation were determined. Reduction of the viscosities of these thickening agents was accomplished as follows: carboxymethylcellulose gum, addition of cellulase to a final concentration of 0.10℅ in lactose broth preenrichment and incubation with no pH adjustment; gum ghatti, addition of NaCI to a final concentration of 0.10℅ in lactose broth preerichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.5; and gelatin, addition of papain to a final concentration of 0.10℅ in lactose broth preenrichment and adjustment of the pH to 6.8. With these modified preenrichments, one Salmonella spp. cell/25 g (representing an approximate most probable number value of 0.04 cell/g) was generally recovered from the thickening agents.

scholarly journals Investigating the presence of enteric bacteria and their antibiotic resistance in drinking water samples of slum households in Port City Chattogram, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidratun Nur Chowdhury ◽  
Nazifa Rafa ◽  
Sayed Mohammad Nazim Uddin ◽  
A. K. M. Moniruzzaman Mollah
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Coliform Bacteria ◽  
Penicillin G ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Port City ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Unsafe Water

Abstract Globally, unsafe water supplies due to contamination with fecal coliforms are major issues in urban slums. To determine the presence of microbial risk, water samples were collected from three slums in the port city Chattogram and the most probable number (MPN) method was used to test for the presence of fecal coliform. All of the samples tested positive by the MPN test. The highest count was 1,100 MPN/100 mL and the lowest count was 7.2 MPN/100 mL. Water stored in containers was prone to being more contaminated than water collected directly from the source. To understand the antibiotic resistivity of the coliform bacteria isolated from the water samples, antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer disc method for six antibiotics. All the bacteria were 100% resistant to penicillin-G and ampicillin, and 91.7% showed resistance to amoxicillin and mecillinam. An integrated approach to water, sanitation, and hygiene education must be undertaken when providing sustainable interventions in slums.

scholarly journals Bacterial and Viral Pathogens in Live Oysters: 2007 United States Market Survey

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (9) ◽  
pp. 2754-2768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo DePaola ◽  
Jessica L. Jones ◽  
Jacquelina Woods ◽  
William Burkhardt ◽  
Kevin R. Calci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Two Samples

ABSTRACT Two samples of market oysters, primarily from retail establishments, were collected twice each month in each of nine states during 2007. Samples were shipped refrigerated overnight to five U.S. Food and Drug Administration laboratories on a rotating basis and analyzed by most probable number (MPN) for total and pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus numbers and for the presence of toxigenic V. cholerae, Salmonella spp., norovirus (NoV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Levels of indicator organisms, including fecal coliforms (MPN), Escherichia coli (MPN), male-specific bacteriophage, and aerobic plate counts, were also determined. V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus levels were distributed seasonally and geographically by harvest region and were similar to levels observed in a previous study conducted in 1998-1999. Levels of pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus were typically several logs lower than total V. parahaemolyticus levels regardless of season or region. Pathogenic V. parahaemolyticus levels in the Gulf and Mid-Atlantic regions were about two logs greater than the levels observed in the Pacific and North Atlantic regions. Pathogens generally associated with fecal pollution were detected sporadically or not at all (toxigenic V. cholerae, 0%; Salmonella, 1.5%; NoV, 3.9%; HAV, 4.4%). While seasonal prevalences of NoV and HAV were generally greater in oysters harvested from December to March, the low detection frequency obscured any apparent seasonal effects. Overall, there was no relationship between the levels of indicator microorganisms and the presence of enteric viruses. These data provide a baseline that can be used to further validate risk assessment predictions, determine the effectiveness of new control measures, and compare the level of protection provided by the U.S. shellfish sanitation system to those in other countries.

Minimally Processed Vegetable Salads: Microbial Quality Evaluation

2007 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 1277-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
HANS FRÖDER ◽  
CECÍLIA GERALDES MARTINS ◽  
KATIA LEANI OLIVEIRA de SOUZA ◽  
MARIZA LANDGRAF ◽  
BERNADETTE D. G. M. FRANCO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Positive Sample ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Minimally Processed ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Minimally Processed Vegetables

The increasing demand for fresh fruits and vegetables and for convenience foods is causing an expansion of the market share for minimally processed vegetables. Among the more common pathogenic microorganisms that can be transmitted to humans by these products are Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Salmonella. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of a selection of minimally processed vegetables. A total of 181 samples of minimally processed leafy salads were collected from retailers in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil. Counts of total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Enterobacteriaceae, psychrotrophic microorganisms, and Salmonella were conducted for 133 samples. L. monocytogenes was assessed in 181 samples using the BAX System and by plating the enrichment broth onto Palcam and Oxford agars. Suspected Listeria colonies were submitted to classical biochemical tests. Populations of psychrotrophic microorganisms >106 CFU/g were found in 51% of the 133 samples, and Enterobacteriaceae populations between 105 and 106 CFU/g were found in 42% of the samples. Fecal coliform concentrations higher than 102 CFU/g (Brazilian standard) were found in 97 (73%) of the samples, and Salmonella was detected in 4 (3%) of the samples. Two of the Salmonella-positive samples had <102 CFU/g concentrations of fecal coliforms. L. monocytogenes was detected in only 1 (0.6%) of the 181 samples examined. This positive sample was simultaneously detected by both methods. The other Listeria species identified by plating were L. welshimeri (one sample of curly lettuce) and L. innocua (2 samples of watercress). The results indicate that minimally processed vegetables had poor microbiological quality, and these products could be a vehicle for pathogens such as Salmonella and L. monocytogenes.

Validity of Members of the Total Coliform and Fecal Coliform Groups for Indicating the Presence of Salmonella in the Quahaug, Mercenaria mercenaria

1976 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 322-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. ANDREWS ◽  
C. D. DIGGS ◽  
J. J. MIESCIER ◽  
C. R. WILSON ◽  
W. N. ADAMS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Coliform ◽  
Mercenaria Mercenaria ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Wholesale Market ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Hard Shell ◽  
Relationship Of

To determine the relationship of most probable number (MPN) of the total and fecal coliform groups in shellfish and shellfish-growing waters to the presence of Salmonella in quahaugs (Mercenaria mercenaria), a microbiological survey of 214 samples of the quahaug, or hard-shell clam, was done over 24 months. For purposes of this study, waters were classified as safe for shellfish harvesting by one of two criteria: (a) a total coliform MPN of ≤ 70/100 ml of water or (b) a fecal coliform MPN value of ⩽ 14/100 ml of water. None of the quahaug samples harvested from waters meeting these standards contained Salmonella. Additionally, Salmonella was not detected in any of the quahaug samples meeting the wholesale market quality standard of 230 fecal coliforms per 100 g of shellfish as specified by the National Shellfish Sanitation Program. An increase in the total coliform and fecal coliform MPN of the waters more closely paralleled an increase in the fecal coliform MPN, as compared to the total coliform MPN of the quahaug meats. Five Salmonella serotypes, including Salmonella parathyphi B, were found singly and in combination in five (2.3%) of the quahaug samples in this survey.

scholarly journals Detection of both Hepatitis A Virus and Norwalk-Like Virus in Imported Clams Associated with Food-Borne Illness

2002 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 3914-3918 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Kingsley ◽  
Gloria K. Meade ◽  
Gary P. Richards
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Magnetic Beads ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
New York State ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Fecal Coliforms ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Probable Number

ABSTRACT Hepatitis A virus (HAV) and Norwalk-like virus (NLV) were detected by reverse transcription-PCR in clams imported into the United States from China. An epidemiological investigation showed that these clams were associated with five cases of Norwalk-like gastroenteritis in New York State in August 2000 (Food and Drug Administration Import Alert 16-50). They were labeled “cooked” but appeared raw. Viral RNA extraction was performed by using dissected digestive tissues rather than whole shellfish meats; this was followed by glycine buffer elution, polyethylene glycol precipitation, Tri-Reagent treatment, and purification of poly(A) RNA with magnetic beads coupled to poly(dT) oligonucleotides. We identified HAV and NLV as genotype I and genogroup II strains, respectively. Both viruses have high levels of homology to Asian strains. An analysis of fecal coliforms revealed a most-probable number of 93,000/100 g of clam meat, which is approximately 300-fold higher than the hygienic standard for shellfish meats.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Salmonella contamination in processing chain of selected chicken based side dishes

Food Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 690-696
Author(s):  
R. Novera ◽  
W.P. Rahayu ◽  
H.D. Kusumaningrum ◽  
N. Indrotristanto ◽  
E. Nikastri
Keyword(s):  
Food Processing ◽  
Most Probable Number ◽  
Heating Process ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Cooking Process ◽  
School Canteen ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Side Dishes

This study was aimed to determine the prevalence, the level and the main contributing factors to contamination of Salmonella spp. in four selected chicken-based side dishes prepared for the school canteens. One hundred and seven samples were collected from four different food processing chains, i.e. fried chicken with precooking, fried chicken without precooking, breaded fried chicken, and sauced chicken. Salmonella contamination was determined by the most probable number (MPN) and confirmed with polymerase chain reaction. Salmonella spp. were detected in 8 of 21 chicken cuts samples (360-920 MPN/g) and in 4 of 30 end products samples (0.61-3 MPN/g). The fact that Salmonella was still found at the end product indicated that cross-contamination and/or inadequate heating process likely occurred. Besides the chicken cuts, the contributing factors to the Salmonella contamination were water (4 of 17 samples) and seasonings (8 of 13 samples). To ensure the safety of chicken-based side dishes prepared for the school canteen, adequate cooking process must be performed by all food handlers. The results of this study might contribute to analysing the risk of salmonellosis in Indonesia.

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