scholarly journals Agrobiological Evaluation of Varieties and Methods Used in Growing Garlic in the Forest-Steppe Zone (in the Republic of Ingushetia)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batyr Galaev ◽  
Magomed Bazgiev ◽  
Liza Kostoyeva ◽  
Israil Gutseriev

Increasing the production and quality of garlic yield is an important agricultural challenge. In the varying agro-ecological conditions of the North Caucuses, the yield of this crop largely depends on the planting technology and the level of its intensity. Important factors that determine the quality of the garlic yield are the use of varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, high-quality planting materials and agricultural technology that meets the requirements of the crop, and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. At present, the potential productivity of varieties used in the Republic is only 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of planting technologies that take into account the specific ecological conditions of the region. This study examines the factors regulating the yield and quality of garlic varieties. Keywords: garlic, fertilizers, planting schemes, variety, planting material, vegetation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Galaev ◽  
M A Bazgiev ◽  
K Sh Badurgova ◽  
I A Gutseriev ◽  
M Kh Gandarov

Increasing production and improving the quality of garlic products is an important production problem. Under the conditions of the vertical zonality of the North Caucasus with varying agroecological conditions, the yield of this crop largely depends on the technology of cultivation and the level of its intensity. Important factors determining the yield and quality of garlic products are varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, quality planting material, cultivation technology that meets the requirements of the crop and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. Currently, the potential productivity of the varieties used in the republic is realized only by 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of technologies for their cultivation, taking into account the specific environmental conditions of the region. In this regard, research aimed at studying the basic laws of the formation of yield and product quality varieties of garlic is a pressing issue.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Sumina ◽  
V. I. Polonskiy

The influence of abiotic factors and genotype on the quality of barley yield was studied. The research was conducted in various agroclimatic conditions at two state variety-testing sites in 2019. The first is located in the steppe zone of foothills on the ordinary and southern chernozems of the Republic of Khakassia, the second – in the forest-steppe soilclimate zone of the Republic of Tuva. During the experiment, a more contrasting difference in the daily temperature range in the conditions of Tuva was noted. The following varieties of spring chaffy barley of Siberian breeding were used as an object of the study: Uvatsky, Krasnoyarsky 91, Emelya (multi-rowed), Acha, Biom, Tanay, Buyan, Takmak, Abalak, Olenek (two-rowed). Production characteristics of the varieties (weight of 1000 grains, yield), the content of protein, sugars, fat and fiber in grain were determined by using standard methods. More stringent conditions for growing plants in the Republic of Tuva, compared to the Republic of Khakassia, caused a 20% decrease in the weight of 1000 grains and yield, a 47% decrease in protein content in grain, and an increase in the accumulation of fat and fiber in it (by 24 and 48%, respectively). When growing barley in Tuva, less significant intervarietal differences were noted in the production characteristics of the crop and in the content of valuable substances in the grain (except for protein). Varieties of barley with a high content of valuable substances in grain for cultivation in the Republic of Tuva in contrasting climatic conditions were determined. Variety Krasnoyarsky 91 was recommended (there was no decrease in the mass of 1000 grains and the level of productivity) and Biome (the smallest decrease in protein content, the largest increase in the content of fat and sugars in grain).


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
B. M. Ludu ◽  
B. K. Kan-ool

The paper presents the results of the research into the condition, number and concentration of beef cattle of Hereford breed, adapted to the natural and climatic conditions of the East Siberian region. The methodological basis of the study was formed by the methods of systematization, logical and comparative statistical analysis. The research information was based on the official materials of the Ministry of Agriculture and Food of the Republic of Tuva on animal husbandry. Out of the total number of livestock in the region (180 748 heads), Herefords amount to 2869 heads. A comparative analysis of livestock in farms of different forms of ownership and different natural and climatic zones was carried out. The largest population of Herefords (48.94%) is concentrated in the central agricultural and livestock zone with forest-steppe and steppe subzones (by the number of animals Piy-Khem kozhuun ranks first, 19.1%). In the southern zone of dry steppes, there are 27.43% of Herefords (by the number of livestock in the Republic, Tes-Khem kozhuun ranks second, 14.7%). In the western mountain-steppe zone there are 23.63% of Herefords, the largest number is in Barun-Khemchik (7.4%) and in Bai-Taiginsky (7%) kozhuun. Specialized beef cattle have not been brought to the high-mountain Mongun-Taiginsky kozhuun of the western zone or to the eastern high-mountain taiga zone. According to the results of the analysis, taking into account the category of farms, 56.4% of Herefords are kept in peasant farm enterprises, 19.7% – in agricultural production cooperatives, 29.7% – in other agricultural enterprises. All farms practise year-round grazing. Differences in the number of Hereford cattle by districts depend on the capacities of farms and climatic breeding zones. The monitoring which was carried out will allow to determine the prospects for raising purebred cattle of a specialized type, taking into account the terrain and zone of the breeding work in the conditions of year-round grazing in the Republic of Tuva.


Author(s):  
A. M. Polevoy ◽  
L. E. Bozhko ◽  
E. A. Barsukova

The influence of the climate change on the agro-climatic growth conditions, development and formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine for three periods has been studied: 2021–2030, 2031–2040, 2041–2050. The calculations of the expected conditions have been performed according to the climate change scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. The paper provides an assessment of the agro-climatic conditions for the formation of productivity of meadow and steppe vegetation in the current global warming and further climate change conditions until 2050. The assessment has been performed by comparing the average long-term agro-climatic indicators (1980–2010) of the productivity of wild phytocenoses with the same indicators for the future over decades. The calculations of both average long-term productivity of grasses and productivity of grasses in the conditions of climate change are executed according to four types of productivity: potential productivity which in case of optimum maintenance of plants with heat, moisture and mineral food is defined by solar radiation; meteorologically possible yield, which is provided by the temperature regime and the regime of humidification of the territory; really possible yield capacity, which is provided by the natural fertility of the soil; actual yield capacity in the natural conditions. Key words: meadow, steppe vegetation, productivity, humus balance, photosynthetic potential, agroecological categories of yields, climate change.


The purpose of this article is to highlight the possibilities of successful grape growing based on the use of agro-climatic resources of the Eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine, in particular, the relevant areas of Kharkiv region. Main material. Attention is drawn to the needs to intensify research and practical activities on the cultivation of grapes in the region. In the agricultural sector of Ukraine interest in cultivating grapes is growing in more in northern areas, than in its traditional distribution area. An urgent task is a more thorough study of agro-climatic conditions, clarifi cation of agro-clima tic zoning of this culture and the development of practical recommendations. This is especially true of the Eastern forest-steppe of Ukraine and its individual areas, including the northern part of Kharkiv region. This industry, judging by the success of farms and individual economies, can be highly profi table throughout the region but with some reservations. Currently, one of the problems of viticulture is to obtain suffi cient yield to supply the population. For this purpose, the author identifi es the features of the natural conditions of the region. Clarifi cation of agro-climatic features of the territory can be considered as a multi-stage task of agro-climatic zoning at diff erent levels. The Eastern forest-steppe region should be considered as part of a large agroecosystem, occupying a signifi cant place in the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. Of particular interest are the climatic indicators, the assessment of which allows to justify the grape culture management. These indicators are grouped together. The most important of them are temperature, humidity, light conditions and features of the winter period. Distribution of rainfall (fl ow of water) in the phases of grapes development during the active growing season is also important. It is also necessary to pay a???? ention to the use of other indicators. Most of them are closely related to the hydrothermal coeffi cient (HTC) - the simplest and most informative indicator. It should be added that using special agricultural techniques cultivation of certain grape varieties can be possible in the north-east of Ukraine. Conclusions. The study of suitable forest-steppe agrometeorological regions in Kharkiv region for growing grapes in natural conditions continues to be relevant. This difficult task requires a lot of effort and involvement of specialists.


2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 1321-1332
Author(s):  
S.S. Basiev ◽  
◽  
A.K. Abazov ◽  
B.V. Bekmurzov ◽  
A.A. Abaev ◽  
...  

Potatoes are a valuable product and are of great national economic importance. In terms of the amount of nutrients per unit area, potatoes occupy one of the first places among plants cultivated by humans. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The solution of almost all problems of the functioning of the agroindustrial complex is focused on ensuring food security. In solving food security in the country and in individual regions, a large role belongs to the development of such an important branch of agro-industrial production as potato growing. The development of this most important industry in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is possible only on the basis of innovative modernization of potato growing. In the North Caucasus, the production of marketable potatoes is almost entirely concentrated on the farms of the foothill and mountainous regions, which have favorable natural conditions (sufficient rainfall and moderate temperatures). The area of potato planting in the region reached 35-40 thousand hectares, and at present in the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania there are about 1.5-2.0 thousand hectares under this crop. The aim of the research is to study the characteristics of growth, plant development, heat-drought resistance of various varieties of potatoes in the forest-steppe zone of North OssetiaAlania. As a result of three-year research (2018- 2020), it was found that under the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of North Ossetia - Alania, such early-maturing varieties as - Udacha, VR808, Gulliver, Riviera form up to 29.8 to 33.4 t / ha of early harvest potato tubers and are the most adapted varieties to local soil and climatic conditions.


2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
I. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

During the research, non-traditional fodder crops that have high fodder productivity and adaptability to natural and climatic conditions of Trans-Baikal Territory were studied. The results of field and laboratory studies for 2014–2016 are presented on the cultivation of annual poaceous fodder crops – feed millet, Sudan grass and barley in single-crop sowings, as well as mixed with high-protein spring rape, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The research was conducted on meadow-chernozem mealycarbonate soil. Fodder crops were assessed by their adaptability to growing conditions and by a set of economically valuable characteristics. The possibility of increasing productivity and quality of fodder of poaceous agrocenoses by means of cabbage crops was established. Joint sowings of annual fodder crops: feed millet + spring rape, Sudan grass + spring rape provided the maximum collection of green mass – 24.4-25.9 t/ha, dry matter – 3.55-3.78 t/ha, feed units – 3.17-3.30 t/ha, digestible protein – 506-545 kg/ha, gross energy – 37.3-39.3 GJ., with a high supply of digestible protein to a feed unit – 160-165 g/k per unit. Mixed sowings of Sudan grass and feed millet with spring rape increased collection of feed units by 22.3%, digestible protein – by 86.8%, gross energy – by 18.5% compared to single-crop sowings. Barley, when cultivated under the same conditions, was inferior in productivity to feed millet and Sudan grass in single-crop sowings by 1.2-1.7 times, in mixed sowings – by 1.0-1.5 times. 


2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-57
Author(s):  
A. A Kozlova ◽  
A. M Butenko ◽  
V. F Larichev ◽  
V. V Vashkova ◽  
T. K Dzagurova ◽  
...  

Sera of 3951 inhabitants of Central, Privolzhsky and Northwest federal districts of Russia were examined with the use of ELISA-IgG and neutralization test. Antibodies to West Nile virus (WN) were detected in the sera of residents of Voronezh (1,6% of cases), Tula (1,5%), Tambov (0,7%) and Lipetsk(0,6%) regions. Two positive samples have been detected in residents of Moscow and Moscow region, which were possibly infected, during theirs travel to endemic for WN fever regions. All sera obtained from Kaluga, Ryazan, Tver, Vologda, Ulyanovsk regions and The Republic of Tatarstan were negative. Our data, in combination with the morbidity rate of WN fever indicate on epidemiological activity of foci of this infection in the South, the North Caucasus, Privolzhsky (Saratovskaya region) and Central (the forest-steppe zone and Tula region) districts. The northern border of circulation of WN virus probably dispose of the latitude of the Tula region.


Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.


Author(s):  
V. Fedorov ◽  
E. Sleptsov ◽  
K. Plemyashov

A growth in the number of deer and an increase in their productivity are closely related to the solution of the complex problem of reproduction and rational use of deer females. Significant damage to reindeer husbandry is caused by the barrenness of northern domestic deer, the level of which has been quite high in recent years. So, in the Republic of Sakha, on 01.01.2020, the number of domesticated reindeer was 152,068, of which female deer and heifers — 71,818, offspring per 100 females — 59, business yield amounted to 52 fawns per 100 females. The causes of infertility are very diverse, as the natural and climatic conditions of the breeding zones have a significant influence on the reproductive function of reindeer. In Yakutia, the main population of northern domestic deer is bred in mountain taiga and tundra natural-climatic zones, so there are about 55 thousand deer in the mountain taiga zone and more than 65 thousand deer in the tundra zone. In this regard, the study of the peculiarities of the postpartum period course in domestic reindeer females, its morphophysiology, and behavioral reactions depending on the natural and climatic conditions of breeding is of great importance.


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