scholarly journals PROSPECTS OF THE USE OF POACEOUS CROPS IN SINGLECROP AND MIXED SOWINGS IN THE CONDITIONS OF TRANS-BAIKAL TERRITORY

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
I. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

During the research, non-traditional fodder crops that have high fodder productivity and adaptability to natural and climatic conditions of Trans-Baikal Territory were studied. The results of field and laboratory studies for 2014–2016 are presented on the cultivation of annual poaceous fodder crops – feed millet, Sudan grass and barley in single-crop sowings, as well as mixed with high-protein spring rape, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The research was conducted on meadow-chernozem mealycarbonate soil. Fodder crops were assessed by their adaptability to growing conditions and by a set of economically valuable characteristics. The possibility of increasing productivity and quality of fodder of poaceous agrocenoses by means of cabbage crops was established. Joint sowings of annual fodder crops: feed millet + spring rape, Sudan grass + spring rape provided the maximum collection of green mass – 24.4-25.9 t/ha, dry matter – 3.55-3.78 t/ha, feed units – 3.17-3.30 t/ha, digestible protein – 506-545 kg/ha, gross energy – 37.3-39.3 GJ., with a high supply of digestible protein to a feed unit – 160-165 g/k per unit. Mixed sowings of Sudan grass and feed millet with spring rape increased collection of feed units by 22.3%, digestible protein – by 86.8%, gross energy – by 18.5% compared to single-crop sowings. Barley, when cultivated under the same conditions, was inferior in productivity to feed millet and Sudan grass in single-crop sowings by 1.2-1.7 times, in mixed sowings – by 1.0-1.5 times. 

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 42-48
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

The work presents the results of research into productivity of traditional and uncommon silage crops – sunfl ower and Sudan grass – sown as a single crop and intercropped with broad beans, spring rape and oil radish. The study was carried out on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties: Yenisei sunfl ower, Sudan grass Novosibirsk 84, broad beans Sibirskiye, spring rape Spat, oil radish Tambovchanka.  Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. Sunfl ower was sown both as a single crop and intercropped with broad beans in the third ten-day period of May in wide alternating rows. Sudan grass was sown both as a single crop and intercropped with spring rape and oil radish in the second ten-day period of May in rows. The experimental work was carried out alongside laboratory observations and analyses in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for fi eld experiments on fodder crops. The possibility of increasing fodder productivity and nutritional value of silage agrocenoses was established by means of intercropping sunfl ower and Sudan grass with broad beans and cabbage crops (spring rape and oil radish) and sowing them in herbage in alternating rows. The experiment noted the maximum collection of feed units of 2.96-5.22 t/ha, digestible protein of 414.2-621.1 kg/ha and gross energy of 35.467.1 GJ/ha with the availability of digestible protein in the amount of 118.9-139.9 g per one feed unit and 10.0-10.7 MJ of metabolic energy per 1 kg of dry matter.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

The possibility of increasing the yield of fodder-grain crops in single-species agrocenoses to provide livestock with nutritious highquality feed was studied. The results of field and laboratory studies (2016–2018) on the cultivation of traditional (barley, oats, spring and winter rye) and uncommon fodder crops (triticale, corn) sown as single crops in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory are presented. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties of the crops under study: local winter rye Zhitkinskaya, spring rye Onokhoyskaya, oats Metis, barley Anna, triticale Ukro, corn hybrid Obsky 150 CB. The experiment was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil (light loam by particle size distribution). Poaceous fodder crops were assessed in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions, yield and nutritional value of grain. Their economically valuable characteristics were shown. On average over the years of research, when cultivating traditional and uncommon poaceous crops for fodder grain in single-crop sowings, triticale and corn had an advantage. The grain yield in the experiment was 3.0-5.8 t/ha, collection of fodder units – 3.39-6.13 t/ha, digestible protein 287-494 kg/ha, gross energy – 34.7-60.5 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein – 85–77 g per one feed unit. Traditional crops were inferior to uncommon crops in terms of grain yield by 0.5-3.3 t/ ha, (on average for the variants of the experiment), feed units – by 0.99-3.73 t/ha, digestible protein – by 85-292 kg/ha, gross energy – by 0.99–35.7 GJ/ha.


2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

Productivity and nutritional value of poaceous crops sown as a single crop and intercropped with spring rape have been studied. Field and laboratory studies were conducted in 2012–2014 on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil in the forest-steppezone of Trans-BaikalTerritory. Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. The objects of the research were the following recognized varieties: oats Metis, spring rye Onokhoiskaya, spring triticale Ukro, spring rape Shpat. The experimental work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for fi eld experiments. Poaceous crops and spring rape were assessed in terms of their adaptability to growing conditions and their economically valuable characteristics were shown. The possibility of increasing the productivity and nutritional value of fodder agrocenoses by intercropping spring rape with poaceous crops was established. In multi-crop agrocenoses, the yield increased and the quality of feed raw material improved. The best results of agrocenoses in multi-crop sowings were achieved by spring triticale intercropped with spring rape and oats intercropped with spring rape: the yield of green mass was 22.1-23.5 t/ha, the amount of dry matter 5.09-5.19, feed units 3.65-3.83 t/ha, digestible protein 598.6-654.9 kg/ha, gross energy 54.055.5 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein164171 gper feed unit. In terms of productivity, spring triticale and oats intercropped with spring rape surpassed single-crop poaceous agrocenoses by the following parameters: feed units by 1.1-1.9 times, digestible protein by 1.8-3.6 times, gross energy by 1.3-2.6 times, with 10.6-10.7 MJ of dry matter in one kilogram of exchangeable energy. 


2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

The results of field and laboratory studies on the cultivation of triticale mixed with high-protein crops are presented. The study was carried out during the period of 2015-2017 on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. The assessment of triticale in single-species and mixed crops for adaptability to growing conditions and yield is given. Economically valuable traits of these crops are shown. The possibility of increasing the yield and feed qualities of agrocenoses by sowing triticale with highprotein crops was established. On average, over the years of research, mixed crops outperformed single-species triticale agrocenoses in terms of yield and feed quality, green mass by 1.6-1.9 times, digestible protein by 2.6-3.7 times. In mixed crops, triticale with fodder beans provided the best results, the yield of green mass was 40.5 t/ha, dry matter – 5.70 t/ha, feed units – 4.67 t/ha, digestible protein – 785 kg/ha, exchange energy – 57.6 GJ/ha, availability of digestible protein per one feed unit – 168 g. Triticale crops mixed with fodder beans increased productivity compared with singlespecies crops in terms of green mass yield by 1.3-1.9 times, dry matter by 1.4-1.9 times, feed units by 1.4-2.0 times, gross energy by 1.5-2.0 times. All crops are resistant to drought and lodging. The absence of pest and disease infestation in triticale was noted.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
B B Galaev ◽  
M A Bazgiev ◽  
K Sh Badurgova ◽  
I A Gutseriev ◽  
M Kh Gandarov

Increasing production and improving the quality of garlic products is an important production problem. Under the conditions of the vertical zonality of the North Caucasus with varying agroecological conditions, the yield of this crop largely depends on the technology of cultivation and the level of its intensity. Important factors determining the yield and quality of garlic products are varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, quality planting material, cultivation technology that meets the requirements of the crop and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. Currently, the potential productivity of the varieties used in the republic is realized only by 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of technologies for their cultivation, taking into account the specific environmental conditions of the region. In this regard, research aimed at studying the basic laws of the formation of yield and product quality varieties of garlic is a pressing issue.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Batyr Galaev ◽  
Magomed Bazgiev ◽  
Liza Kostoyeva ◽  
Israil Gutseriev

Increasing the production and quality of garlic yield is an important agricultural challenge. In the varying agro-ecological conditions of the North Caucuses, the yield of this crop largely depends on the planting technology and the level of its intensity. Important factors that determine the quality of the garlic yield are the use of varieties adapted to these agro-climatic conditions, high-quality planting materials and agricultural technology that meets the requirements of the crop, and the agro-climatic conditions of the region. At present, the potential productivity of varieties used in the Republic is only 30-40 percent. This is due to the insufficient development of planting technologies that take into account the specific ecological conditions of the region. This study examines the factors regulating the yield and quality of garlic varieties. Keywords: garlic, fertilizers, planting schemes, variety, planting material, vegetation


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-39
Author(s):  
O. T. Andreeva ◽  
N. G. Pilipenko ◽  
L. P. Sidorova ◽  
N. Yu. Kharchenko

The results of research (2016-2018) into productivity, adaptability and nutritional value of poaceous crops (forage millet, Sudan grass) and legumes (fodder beans, spring vetch, garden peas) are presented and analyzed. The research was conducted on meadow chernozem mealy-carbonate soil, light loam by granulometric composition, in the forest-steppe zone of Trans-Baikal Territory. Agricultural technology used for fodder crop cultivation was common for this area. The objects of the research were legumes (Sibirskiye forage beans, Novosibirskaya spring vetch, Holik garden peas), and poaceous varieties (Bystroe forage millet, Novosibirskaya 84 Sudan grass). The experimental work was carried out in accordance with the generally accepted guidelines for field experiments. All the forage crops under study have formed a fairly high productivity: the yield of green mass was 13.0-18.2 t/ha, dry matter – 2.6-3.2, feed units – 2.2-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein – 220-567 kg/ha, gross energy – 26.5-32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein 100-210 g per one feed unit. Among leguminous crops, spring vetch and fodder beans had an advantage with the green mass yield of 13.3-15.0 t/ha, the amount of dry matter of 3.1-3.2, feed units of 2.6-2.7 t/ha, digestible protein 494–567 kg/ha, gross energy 32.0–32.2 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 190–210 g per one feed unit. Garden peas were inferior to spring vetch and fodder beans in yield by 2.3-13.3%, dry matter – by 9.6-12.5, feed units – by 3.8-7.4, digestible protein – by 4.9-17.1, gross energy – by 8.1–8.7%. Among poaceous crops, agrocenoses of Sudan grass had an advantage in productivity and nutritional value. They formed the yield of green mass 18.2 t/ha, the amount of dry matter 3.1, feed units 2.5 t/ha, digestible protein 300 kg/ha, gross energy 31.3 GJ/ha, with availability of digestible protein of 120 g per one feed unit. Fodder millet was inferior to Sudan grass in all respects by 12.0–26.7%, respectively.


2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
A. V. Sumina ◽  
V. I. Polonskiy

The influence of abiotic factors and genotype on the quality of barley yield was studied. The research was conducted in various agroclimatic conditions at two state variety-testing sites in 2019. The first is located in the steppe zone of foothills on the ordinary and southern chernozems of the Republic of Khakassia, the second – in the forest-steppe soilclimate zone of the Republic of Tuva. During the experiment, a more contrasting difference in the daily temperature range in the conditions of Tuva was noted. The following varieties of spring chaffy barley of Siberian breeding were used as an object of the study: Uvatsky, Krasnoyarsky 91, Emelya (multi-rowed), Acha, Biom, Tanay, Buyan, Takmak, Abalak, Olenek (two-rowed). Production characteristics of the varieties (weight of 1000 grains, yield), the content of protein, sugars, fat and fiber in grain were determined by using standard methods. More stringent conditions for growing plants in the Republic of Tuva, compared to the Republic of Khakassia, caused a 20% decrease in the weight of 1000 grains and yield, a 47% decrease in protein content in grain, and an increase in the accumulation of fat and fiber in it (by 24 and 48%, respectively). When growing barley in Tuva, less significant intervarietal differences were noted in the production characteristics of the crop and in the content of valuable substances in the grain (except for protein). Varieties of barley with a high content of valuable substances in grain for cultivation in the Republic of Tuva in contrasting climatic conditions were determined. Variety Krasnoyarsky 91 was recommended (there was no decrease in the mass of 1000 grains and the level of productivity) and Biome (the smallest decrease in protein content, the largest increase in the content of fat and sugars in grain).


Author(s):  
А.В. Терешкин ◽  
А.Л. Калмыкова ◽  
Т.А. Андрушко

Вертикальное озеленение с участием различных видов лиан в современных условиях имеет важное эстетическое и санитарно-гигиеническое значение. Особо актуально решение вопросов обогащения флоры городских территорий лианами в степных районах в связи с бедным видовым составом и резким ухудшением экологической ситуации. Объектами исследований являлись 7 видов лиан, различных жизненных форм (однолетние, многолетние), произрастающие в населенных пунктах Саратовской области (Аткарск, Саратов). Цель исследований – изучение эколого-биологических особенностей и мелиоративных свойств лиан и выявление перспектив их использования в вертикальном озеленении селитебных территорий Саратовской области. В ходе исследования видового состава, были выявлены наиболее популярные виды однолетних лиан: ипомея красно-голубая (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) и ипомея пурпурная (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), горошек душистый (Lathyrus edoratus L.), настурция (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) и фасоль огненно-красная (Phaseolus coccineus). Большинство (70%) из них произрастают в местах ограниченного пользования. Изученные виды лиан в исследуемых регионах достигают средних природных показателей (при наличии надлежащего ухода), обладают хорошими показателями жизненного состояния, обильно цветут и плодоносят. При воздействии токсикантами различной концентрации на листовые пластинки лиан установлено их степень устойчивости. Выявлено, что однолетние лианы лучше использовать в декоративных целях, а не в санитарно-гигиенических. Сравнительная оценка однолетних видов с многолетними лианами (девичий виноград пятилисточковый и клематис тангутский) показывает устойчивость многолетних видов (в среднем на 3 балла - 40%). Разработаны варианты декоративных композиций с участием травянистых лиан. По степени декоративности выделены однолетние лианы – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 балл), средней степенью отличаются – Lathyrus edoratus (33 балла), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 баллов) и Phaseolus coccineus (20 – 27 баллов). Преимущество многолетних лиан заключается в их устойчивости к резким изменениям климатических условий (на 40 %) по сравнению с однолетними формами. Поэтому они более предпочтительны для озеленения городской среды. Для усиления декоративного эффекта в сезонном аспекте рекомендуются сочетать расширение видового и формового разнообразия растений (многолетние и однолетние лианы, древесно-кустарниковая, цветочная растительность). Установлено, что природно-климатические условия зоны степи и лесостепи в пределах Саратовской области являются достаточно благоприятными для нормального роста и развития древесно-кустарниковой растительности, в том числе травянистых лиан. Таким образом, обоснованное применение древесных лиан в комплексе с традиционными видами насаждений позволит создать комфортные условия проживания населения, регулировать оптимальный температурный баланс и создавать благоприятные микроклиматические условия. Vertical gardening with different types of vines in modern conditions is important aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic value. It is especially important to address the issues of enrichment of the flora of urban areas with vines in the steppe regions due to poor species composition and a sharp deterioration of the ecological situation. The objects of research were 7 species of lianas, various life forms (annual, perennial), growing in the settlements of the Saratov region (Atkarsk, Saratov). The aim of the research is to study the ecological and biological features and reclamation properties of vines and identify the prospects for their use in vertical gardening residential areas of the Saratov region. In the study, species composition was the most popular species of annual vines: morning glory red-blue (Ipomea tricolor (L.) Roth) and purple morning glory (Ipomea purpurea (L.) Roth), the fragrant pea (Lathyrus edoratus L.), nasturtium (Tropacolum peregrinum L.) and runner beans (Phaseolus coccineus). Most (70%) of them grow in restricted areas. Studied species of vines in the study regions reach average natural performance (with proper care), have good indicators of vital condition, bloom abundantly and bear fruit. When exposed to toxicants of different concentrations on the leaf blades of vines established their degree of stability. It was revealed that the annual vines are better used for decorative purposes, and not in the sanitary-hygienic. A comparative assessment of annual species with perennial vines (maiden grapes and clematis Tangut) shows the stability of perennial species (an average of 3 points-40%). The options and decorative compositions with the participation of herbaceous vines. According to the degree of decoration of the allocated annual vine – Ipomea tricolor, I. purpurea (37 – 41 points), the average degree of differ – Lathyrus edoratus (33 points), Tropacolum peregrinum (30 points) and Phaseolus coccineus (20 to 27 points). The advantage of perennial vines is their resistance to sudden changes in climatic conditions (40 %) compared to annual forms. Therefore, they are more preferable for greening the urban environment. To enhance the decorative effect in the seasonal aspect, it is recommended to combine the expansion of species and form diversity of plants (perennial and annual lianas, tree and shrub, floral vegetation). It is established that the climatic conditions of the steppe and forest-steppe zone within the Saratov region are quite favorable for the normal growth and development of tree and shrub vegetation, including herbaceous lianas. Thus, the reasonable use of wood vines in combination with traditional types of plantings will create comfortable living conditions for the population, regulate the optimal temperature balance and create favorable microclimatic conditions.


Author(s):  
N. I. Kashevarov ◽  
R. I. Polyudina ◽  
I. N. Kazarinova ◽  
D. А. Potapov

A new cultivar of smooth bromegrass (Bromopsis inermis Leyss) Flagman was developed by methods of mass selection and polycross. Breeding and wild forms of various ecological and geographical origins are used as an initial material. The authors of the cultivar: Kazarinova I.N., Polyudina R.I., Straub A.A., Gomasco S.K. Studies were conducted on the Central experimental base of the Siberian research Institute of fodder crops of the Siberian Federal Scientific Centre of Agro-BioTechnologies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, located in the forest-steppe zone of Western Siberia (Novosibirsk region, Novosibirsk district, Krasnoobsk). The cultivar is mid-ripening: the period from the beginning of spring aftergrowing to mowing ripeness is 63-75 days and to full maturing of seeds is 95-111 days. The yield of dry matter is 8.3 t/ha, which exceeds the standard by 8%, seed yield - 0.62 t/ha, higher than the standard by 28%. The dry matter yield of the cultivar Flagman for the fourth year of use exceeded the standard by 23% and reached to 11.4 t/ha. The 1000 seeds weight is 3.0-3.4 g. The plant height is 90-140 cm. Tilling capacity is up to 40 stems per tuft. Foliage varies from 32 to 50% depending on the age of the grass and environment conditions. The resistance of the cultivar to brown rust and helminthosporiosis is higher than of the standard. The copyright certificate No. 71916 and patent No. 9653 were received.


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