scholarly journals Teratogenic Effect of Congenital Toxoplasmosis in Chicken Embryo

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Lucia Tri Suwanti ◽  
Mufasirin Mufasirin ◽  
Hani Plumeriastuti ◽  
Erma Safitri
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Embryonic Brain ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Embryo Number ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryo Length

This research is designed to observe the teratogenic effect of Toxoplasma gondii infection in chick embryos, based on the number of somites, embryo length and the development of embryonic brain vesicles. Methods in the research: Chicken eggs were infected with 1 x 103 tachyzoites of T. gondii. The eggs were incubated in eggs hatching box. Observation of somite performed on embryonated eggs 24 hours after incubation and the embryonic development of vesicles performed 72 hours after incubation then the length of each embryo were measured. Results: Revealed that there was a significant difference in the number of somites (p < 0.1), T. gondii infection reduced the number of somites. While in the number of brain vesicles in 3 - days old chicken embryos, although there was no significant difference, the size declining emerged. The length of the embryos both at 24 or 72 hours old showed that T. gondii infection reduced the length (p < 0.1). Conclusions: T. gondii infection influences the development of chicken embryos in the declining of length and the decreasing of somite embryo number. Keywords: IGF-I crossbreed mare serum pregnant; Follicle; Mus musculus

scholarly journals MK-677, an Orally Active Growth Hormone Secretagogue, Reverses Diet-Induced Catabolism1

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. Murphy ◽  
L. M. Plunkett ◽  
B. J. Gertz ◽  
W. He ◽  
J. Wittreich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Caloric Restriction ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Growth Hormone Secretagogue ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Orally Active

The reversal of diet-induced negative nitrogen balance by GH suggests a possible therapeutic role for GH treatment in catabolic patients. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, two-period, cross-over study was designed to investigate whether MK-677, an orally active nonpeptide mimic of GH-releasing peptide, can reverse diet-induced protein catabolism. Eight healthy volunteers (ages 24–39 yr) were calorically restricted (18 kcal/kg·day) for two 14-day periods. During the last 7 days of each diet period, subjects received either oral MK-677 25 mg or placebo once daily. There was a 14- to 21-day washout interval between periods. During the first week of caloric restriction (i.e. diet alone), daily nitrogen losses were similar for both treatment groups (mean ± se; MK-677 group −2.67 ± 0.40 g/day vs. placebo group− 2.83 ± 0.26 g/day). During the second week (diet and study drug), mean daily nitrogen balance was 0.31 ± 0.21 g/day in the MK-677 treatment group compared with −1.48 ± 0.21 g/day in the placebo group (P &lt; 0.01). MK-677 improved nitrogen balance integrated over the 7 days of treatment; area under the curve day 8–14 nitrogen balance response was +2.69 ± 5.0 (se) for MK-677 and −8.97 ± 5.26 g·day for placebo (P &lt; 0.001). MK-677 produced a peak GH response of 55.9 ± 31.7 μg/L after single dose (day 1 of treatment) and 22.6 ± 9.3 μg/L after a week of dosing compared with placebo treatment peak GH values of approximately 9 (treatment day 1) and approximately 7 μg/L (treatment day 7). Following the initial 7-day caloric restriction, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) declined from 232 ± 25 to 186 ± 19 ng/mL in the MK-677 group and from 236 ± 19 to 174 ± 23 ng/mL in the placebo group. Mean IGF-I concentration increased significantly during MK-677 to 264 ± 31 ng/mL (mean for the last 5 days of treatment) compared with 188 ± 19 ng/mL with placebo (P &lt; 0.01). No significant difference in IGF binding protein-2 was found between the MK-677 and placebo treatments. However, the mean in IGF binding protein-3 for the last 5 days of MK-677 treatment was also significantly increased to 3273 ± 330 ng/mL (mean ± se) compared with placebo 2604 ± 253 ng/mL (P &lt; 0.01). Neither the serum cortisol nor the PRL response was significantly greater after 7 days of MK-677 dosing compared with 7 days of placebo. MK-677 (25 mg) was generally well tolerated and without clinically significant adverse experiences. In conclusion, MK-677 reverses diet-induced nitrogen wasting, suggesting that if these short-term anabolic effects are maintained in patients who are catabolic because of certain acute or chronic disease states, it may be useful in treating catabolic conditions.

Impact of Overweight on Effectiveness of Treatment with Human Growth Hormone in Growth Hormone Deficient Children: Analysis of German KIGS Data

2011 ◽  
Vol 119 (09) ◽  
pp. 544-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Reinehr ◽  
S. Bechtold-Dalla Pozza ◽  
M. Bettendorf ◽  
H.-G. Doerr ◽  
B. Gohlke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Growth Velocity ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
First Year ◽  
Overweight Children ◽  
Gh Treatment ◽  
Prepubertal Children ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Group A

AbstractWe hypothesized that overweight children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD) demonstrate a lower response to growth hormone (GH) as a result of a misclassification since obesity is associated with lower GH peaks in stimulation tests.Anthropometric data, response, and responsiveness to GH in the first year of treatment were compared in 1.712 prepubertal children with GHD from the German KIGS database according to BMI (underweight=group A, normal weight=group B, overweight=group C) (median age: group A, B, C: 7.3, 7.28, and 8.4 years).Maximum GH levels to tests (median: group A, B, C: 5.8, 5.8, and 4.0 µg/ml) were significantly lower in group C. IGF-I SDS levels were not different between the groups. Growth velocity in the first year of GH treatment was significantly lower in the underweight cohort (median: group A, B, C: 8.2, 8.8, and 9.0 cm/yr), while the gain in height was not different between groups. The difference between observed and predicted growth velocity expressed as Studentized residuals was not significantly different between groups. Separating the 164 overweight children into obese children (BMI>97th centile; n=71) and moderate overweight children (BMI>90th to 97th centile, n=93) demonstrated no significant difference in any parameter.Overweight prepubertal children with idiopathic GHD demonstrated similar levels of responsiveness to GH treatment compared to normal weight children. Furthermore, the IGF-I levels were low in overweight children. Therefore, a misclassification of GHD in overweight prepubertal children within the KIGS database seems unlikely. The first year growth prediction models can be applied to overweight and obese GHD children.

scholarly journals Simplified Method for Efficient Intravascular Inoculation of Chicken Embryos

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-105
Author(s):  
C. L. Kelling ◽  
I. A. Schipper
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Trauma ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Chicken Eggs ◽  
Embryonated Chicken ◽  
Embryonic Death

The simple syringe-stabilizer unit described in this note provides a means for rapid intravascular inoculation of embryonated chicken eggs with minimal embryonic death from vascular trauma.

scholarly journals Frequency of the IGF A/G rs7136446 polymorphism and athletic performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigal Ben-Saken ◽  
Shir Malach ◽  
Yoav Meckel ◽  
Dan Nemet ◽  
Alon Eliakim
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Performance ◽  
Force Production ◽  
Sport Performance ◽  
Potential Importance ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Weight Lifters

Previous studies have shown that carrying the minor T allele of the IGF C-1245T polymorphism was associated with higher circulating IGF-I levels, greater muscle mass and improved power athletic performance. The aim of the present study was to assess the frequency distribution of another IGF-I single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), the A/G rs7136446, among Israeli athletes. The IGF A/G rs7136446 polymorphism was determined in 185 short (n=72) and long-distance (n=113) runners, 94 short (n=44) and long-distance (n=50) swimmers, 54 weight-lifters and 111 controls. There were no significant differences in GG carriers, previously described as associated with higher maximal force production, between the athletes and controls. The only statistical significant difference in GG carriers was found between the sprinters (24%) and weight-lifters (9%; p<0.05). Although a single polymorphism cannot determine an athlete’s ability to succeed or fail in sports, the present findings suggest a potential importance of IGF-I polymorphisms mainly to power sports and in particular to speed sport performance.

scholarly journals Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles Can Control Toxoplasma gondii Infection in Both Human Trophoblast Cells and Villous Explants

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Idessania Nazareth Costa ◽  
Mayara Ribeiro ◽  
Priscila Silva Franco ◽  
Rafaela José da Silva ◽  
Thádia Evelyn de Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Chorionic Villus ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Trophoblast Cells ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Human Trophoblast ◽  
Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Bewo Cells ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

The combination of sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine plus folinic acid is the conventional treatment for congenital toxoplasmosis. However, this classical treatment presents teratogenic effects and bone marrow suppression. In this sense, new therapeutic strategies are necessary to reduce these effects and improve the control of infection. In this context, biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNp-Bio) appear as a promising alternative since they have antimicrobial, antiviral, and antiparasitic activity. The purpose of this study to investigate the action of AgNp-Bio in BeWo cells, HTR-8/SVneo cells and villous explants and its effects against Toxoplasma gondii infection. Both cells and villous explants were treated with different concentrations of AgNp-Bio or combination of sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine (SDZ + PYZ) in order to verify the viability. After, cells and villi were infected and treated with AgNp-Bio or SDZ + PYZ in different concentrations to ascertain the parasite proliferation and cytokine production profile. AgNp-Bio treatment did not reduce the cell viability and villous explants. Significant reduction was observed in parasite replication in both cells and villous explants treated with silver nanoparticles and classical treatment. The AgNp-Bio treatment increased of IL-4 and IL-10 by BeWo cells, while HTR8/SVneo cells produced macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and IL-4. In the presence of T. gondii, the treatment induced high levels of MIF production by BeWo cells and IL-6 by HTR8SV/neo. In villous explants, the AgNp-Bio treatment downregulated production of IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 after infection. In conclusion, AgNp-Bio can decrease T. gondii infection in trophoblast cells and villous explants. Therefore, this treatment demonstrated the ability to reduce the T. gondii proliferation with induction of inflammatory mediators in the cells and independent of mediators in chorionic villus which we consider the use of AgNp-Bio promising in the treatment of toxoplasmosis in BeWo and HTR8/SVneo cell models and in chorionic villi.

scholarly journals Significance of Direct Confirmation of Growth Hormone Insensitivity for the Diagnosis of Primary IGF-I Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
Joanna Smyczyńska ◽  
Urszula Smyczyńska ◽  
Maciej Hilczer ◽  
Renata Stawerska ◽  
Andrzej Lewiński
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Final Height ◽  
Standard Deviation Score ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Gh Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Growth Hormone Insensitivity ◽  
Stimulation Tests ◽  
Direct Confirmation

Primary insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) deficiency is a synonym of growth hormone (GH) insensitivity (GHI), however the necessity of direct confirmation of GH resistance by IGF-I generation test (IGF-GT) is discussed. GHI may disturb intrauterine growth, nevertheless short children born small for gestational age (SGA) are treated with GH. We tested the hypothesis that children with appropriate birth size (AGA), height standard deviation score (SDS) <−3.0, GH peak in stimulation tests (stimGH) ≥10.0 µg/L, IGF-I <2.5 centile, and excluded GHI may benefit during GH therapy. The analysis comprised 21 AGA children compared with 6 SGA and 20 GH-deficient ones, with height SDS and IGF-I as in the studied group. All patients were treated with GH up to final height (FH). Height velocity, IGF-I, and IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3) concentrations before and during first year of treatment were assessed. Effectiveness of therapy was better in GHD than in IGF-I deficiency (IGFD), with no significant difference between SGA and AGA groups. All but two AGA children responded well to GH. Pretreatment IGF-I and increase of height velocity (HV) during therapy but not the result of IGF-GT correlated with FH. As most AGA children with apparent severe IGFD benefit during GH therapy, direct confirmation of GHI seems necessary to diagnose true primary IGFD in them.

High Toxoplasma Seroprevalence Associated with Meat Eating Habits of Locals in Nepal

1999 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiba Kumar Rai ◽  
Takeo Matsumura ◽  
Kazuo Ono ◽  
Ayako Abe ◽  
Kazuko Hirai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Habits ◽  
Western Region ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Meat Eating ◽  
The People ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Western Region ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Apparently Healthy

A serosurvey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in apparently healthy subjects (n=404) living in Achham (n=215) and Dang (n=189) districts in western Nepal was carried out. An interview with 249 participants, each representing a household, was also conducted. This interview pertained to their meat eating habits and the keeping of cats in their houses. Toxoplasma antibodies were detected by using the microlatex agglutination test. The overall seroprevalence was 65.3% with no significant difference in the two districts (Achham: 66.9% and Dang: 63.5%) included ( p=0.546). Females and the Indo-Aryan ethnic-group showed marginally higher prevalence compared with their male ( p=0.545) and Tibeto-Burman ( p=0.075) counterparts. The majority of the infections was found to have occurred during childhood. The frequency of meat eating in western and eastern regions differed greatly ( p=0.000) with the people in the eastern region being frequent meat eaters than those in the western region. About one-third of the subjects, all Indo-Aryans, in the western region had the raw meat eating habit but none in the eastern region. Approximately 7.0% of households in both western and eastern regions kept cats. The present findings demonstrated a typical role of meat eating habits of people in the high Toxoplasma seroprevalence in Nepal.

Early-age heat exposure affects skeletal muscle satellite cell proliferation and differentiation in chicks

2001 ◽  
Vol 281 (1) ◽  
pp. R302-R309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orna Halevy ◽  
Alon Krispin ◽  
Yael Leshem ◽  
John P. McMurtry ◽  
Shlomo Yahav
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Satellite Cell ◽  
Heat Exposure ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Satellite Cell Proliferation ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Satellite Cell

Exposure of young chicks to thermal conditioning (TC; i.e., 37°C for 24 h) resulted in significantly improved body and muscle growth at a later age. We hypothesized that TC causes an increase in satellite cell proliferation, necessary for further muscle hypertrophy. An immediate increase was observed in satellite cell DNA synthesis in culture and in vivo in response to TC of 3-day-old chicks to levels that were significantly higher than those of control chicks. This was accompanied by a marked induction of insulin-like growth factor-I (IFG-I), but not hepatocyte growth factor in the breast muscle. No significant difference between treatments in plasma IGF-I levels was observed. A marked elevation in muscle regulatory factors on day 5, followed by a decline in cell proliferation on day 6together with continuous high levels of IGF-I in the TC chick muscle may indicate accelerated cell differentiation. These data suggest a central role for IGF-I in the immediate stimulation of satellite cell myogenic processes in response to heat exposure.

scholarly journals THE THE TERATOGENIC EFFECTS OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF BINTANGUR LEAVES (CALOPHYLLUM SOULATTRI BURM. F) ON FEMALE WHITE RATS

2019 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
INARAH FAJRIATY ◽  
HAFRIZAL RIZA ◽  
FAJAR NUGRAHA ◽  
FRENGKI FRIANTO
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Comparison Group ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Teratogenic Effect ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
White Rats ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Skeletal Formation

Objectives: Drugs can cause undesired effects on the fetus during pregnancy, especially embryonic/organogenesis which could lead to defects in the fetus because some types of drugs can penetrate the placenta and will undergo biotransformation into a highly reactive compound that has the potential to become a teratogenic compound. The aim of this research was to examine the teratogenic effect of bintangur leaves (Calophyllum soulattri Burm. F) ethanol extract to Sprague Dawley strain white rats. Methods: The white rats are divided into four treatment groups: Control group was given carboxymethyl cellulose Na 1%, comparison group was given trimethoprim 360 mg/kg BW, C. soulattri leaves ethanol extract (CLE) 100 mg/kg BW, and CLE 500 mg/kg BW. The treatment was administrated since organogenesis period. Cesarian section was performed to pregnant rat at the 20th day to separate the fetuses. Observation covered body weight of pregnant rats, fetal biometric, morphological malformation, and skeletal formation. Results: CLE 100 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW did not cause any change in the number of a living fetus, body weight, and length of fetuses like the comparison group. Both doses of CLE shown have a normal skeletal formation. Resorption was found in the comparison group and CLE 100 mg/kg BW with the percentage was 65.21% and 6.67%. It was found that there is no significant difference (p<0.05) between both doses of CLE compared to control group. Conclusion: From the results, it is concluded that CLE did not have the teratogenic effect.

scholarly journals Preliminary monitoring of the presence of perfluoroalkyl substances in Italian eggs from different breeding systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisa Ghelli ◽  
Maria Teresa Tondo ◽  
Elisa Zironi ◽  
Giampiero Pagliuca ◽  
Federico Sirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Environmental Pollutant ◽  
Breeding Systems ◽  
Contamination Level ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Equal Distribution ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Chicken Eggs

Perfluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) are a wide cluster of fluorinated molecules largely engaged industrially and commercially for many purposes. Because of the strength of the fluorine-carbon bond, PFASs show a firm tenacity against thermal degradation, hydrolysis, photolysis and biodegradation. On the other hand, such chemical stability gives them persistent environmental pollutant feature. In 2012, EFSA published a scientific report on PFASs in food, mentioning their adverse effects on health. Based on observational studies evidences, EFSA has recommended a tolerable daily intake (TDI) for the two most known PFASs, i.e. PFOS 150 ng/kg b.w./day and PFOA 1500 ng/kg b.w./day. The aim of this study was to monitor, for the first time, the level of contamination of PFASs in chicken eggs laid in Northern Italy. The eggs were collected from different rearing systems, in order to search a correlation between this variable and the contamination of PFASs. In this study four PFASs [perfluoro-nnonanoic acid (PFNA), perfluoro-noctanoic- acid (PFOA), sodium perfluoro-1- hexanesulfonate (PFHxS) and sodium perfluoro- 1-octanesulfonate (PFOS)] were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS). 132 eggs were analyzed, split up in 11 groups according to the geographical origin and rearing system. Results accord with literature data available for chicken eggs: almost all the samples show a PFASs contamination level under the limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.25 ng/mL. No significant difference results from the rearing system, attesting an equal distribution and a concentration of PFASs detectable under the limit of quantification.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document