scholarly journals Environmental Regimes of Drained Soils of the Novgorod Region

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Balun ◽  
Lyudmila Tiranova
Keyword(s):  
Subsurface Layer ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Subsurface Layers ◽  
Reclamation System

Under the influence of drainage, new ecological regimes of groundwater and soil moisture are formed, which in turn form new nutrient regimes. The objects of this study are the ecological regimes of lands reclaimed in different ways: by an open drainage network (with the use of runoff hollows) and a closed drainage network. Experimental plots are located in the Novgorod region on sod-podzolic soil. The efficiency of the reclamation system is determined by the groundwater regime. The results of the research prove that the regime of groundwater in closed drainage systems is more favorable compared to the open drainage system. The analysis of the nutrient regime of drained soils showed a decrease in agrochemical indicators due to the removal of minerals by runoff. More mineral salts are washed away in closed drainage (up to 711 kg/ha). Considering the agrochemical composition of the soil, calcium ions are removed most intensively from sod-podzolic soils. The water-physical properties of the drained lands, such as density, porosity and moisture content, have also changed. The study of water-air regimes of reclaimed soils revealed a significant difference in the degree of moisture of the plow and subsurface layers when implementing either one or different methods of drainage. A more favorable water-air regime is created by closed drainage systems in the subsurface layer, and by open drainage systems – in the plow layer.

Modelling and Simulation of Open Drainage Systems

2013 ◽  
Vol 373-375 ◽  
pp. 427-430
Author(s):  
Li Hui Cen ◽  
Hong Lin Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Parameter Identification ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Modelling And Simulation ◽  
Rainfall Data ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Simplified Models ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Identification Method ◽  
Duke University

This paper proposed a parameter identification method for simplified models of open drainage systems. SWMM is used to identify these parameters by taking the rainfall data as the input. Simulations show that the results of the proposed method have high accordance with those of SWMM. The drainage system of Duke University is taken as an example to demonstrate our approach.

scholarly journals PRACTICAL ASPECTS ABOUT CLOSED CHEST DRAINAGE CARE: A LITERATURE REVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-307
Author(s):  
Aline Cristina Tavares ◽  
Pedro Nabuco De Araujo
Keyword(s):  
Drainage System ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Chest Drainage ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Institutional Cost ◽  
Multidisciplinary Staff ◽  
Closed Drainage System ◽  
Pleura Effusion

Context: The drained pleural contents may vary, as well as their drainage, however closed drainage system is the most frequent one and reaches flaws along those who are in charge of their management. Objetive: Provide a comprehensive review about close chest drainage. Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed and Medline databases was conducted on closed drainage system using the following keyword combination: chest tubes AND drainage.  Results: From eight hundred eight-three articles retrieved after our preliminary search, 17 articles were chosen for final analysis. Representative schemes were drawn to better understanding of the three types of chest drainage systems for pleura effusion: (i) the closed drainage system; (ii) the open drainage system; and (iii) the suction drainage system. Representative pictures were also developed in order to facilitate additional care in the field. Conclusions: Bringing information together about chest tube management in closed drainage system may imply in a better approach to the patients, minimize institutional cost, minimize material waste and promote efficient communication among the multidisciplinary staff.  Understanding details about tubular tube, pig tail tube, one-way bag, one-way valve and collectors is the only way to perform a better approach to the patient who needs closed drainage system.

Ecological-economically balanced functioning of combined drainage systems on heavy soils Novgorod region

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (2) ◽  
pp. 30-33
Author(s):  
Ol'ga Balun
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Experimental Field ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
Probability Of Precipitation

The article deals with the ecological and economically balanced functioning of combined drainage systems on heavy soils of the Novgorod region. The water-air regime of the drained lands and the parameters influencing it (a drainage drain, a level of ground waters) is considered as an ecological indicator, and economic – increase of productivity of lands. The studies were carried out at the experimental experimental field, drained by closed drainage with backfilling of the drainage trench of the sand-gravel mixture to the arable horizon (control), two-tier drainage and a combination of with deep loosening. The analysis of the results of the study showed that the experimental combined drainage system was set aside 88% more runoff compared with control; in the excessively wet growing season (25% probability of precipitation), the system of two-tier drainage there was the lowest level of groundwater and soil moisture; the effect of deep loosening began to decrease by 3 year of operation of combined drainage, so it is recommended to carry out deep loosening on loamy soils every 3 years; from the ecological and economic point of view the most balanced option is the combined two-tier drainage.

scholarly journals Repairing earth dam drainage systems

Vestnik MGSU ◽  
2019 ◽  
pp. 901-911
Author(s):  
Denis A. Krutov
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Earth Dam ◽  
Design Solution ◽  
Filtration Flow ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Drainage Channel ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems

Introduction: when reconstructing or overhauling dams, great attention should be paid to drainage systems as the most critical components of the installations. The article describes the typical malfunctions of earth dam pipe drainages. The research considers geological and hydrogeological features that were not taken into account when developing projects. Materials and methods: control and measuring instrumentation (piezometer network), full-scale experiments on disabling pipe drainage and mathematical modelling were used as the filtration regime research methods. Results: analysis of the hydrogeological features of the base of the right-bank floodplain dam of the Nizhegorodskaya hydroelectric power plant and field filtration observations revealed a strong drainage effect of the base on the filtration flow at several areas of the dam body. At the other areas, a high groundwater level position at the dam downstream and its outlet into the pipe drainage at the downstream were recorded. Substantiated by filtration calculations, the proposed repair of the drainage system consisted in designing open drainage along the dam axis and backfilling the territory at the downstream by 2.0 m that excludes impoundment of the territory without the pipe drainage. Conclusions: the following engineering solutions can be recommended for repairing earth dam drainage systems: construction of backfill drainage trenches in the dam downstream, new pipe drainage at higher elevations or an open drainage channel in solid reinforced concrete arranged along the axis of the dam. The proposed version of the pipe drainage repair provides for constructing an open drainage channel in solid reinforced concrete on a reverse filter with an arrangement of gravel-filled asbestos-cement pipes in the dam slopes and bottom. Such a design solution allows repairing the drainage system without dewatering and, if necessary, completely refusing the existing pipe drainage.

scholarly journals Assessing the Effectiveness of Sustainable Drainage Systems (SuDS): Interventions, Impacts and Challenges

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3160
Author(s):  
Sarah Cotterill ◽  
Louise J. Bracken
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wireless Telecommunication ◽  
Environment Agency ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sustainable Drainage Systems

Sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) can be a key tool in the management of extremes of rainfall, due to their capacity to attenuate and treat surface water. Yet, implementation is a complex process, requiring buy-in from multiple stakeholders. Buy-in is often undermined by a lack of practical evidence and monitoring of implemented SuDS. In this paper, we present a collaborative case study between a local authority, university and the UK Environment Agency. This partnership approach enabled the installation of SuDS and monitoring equipment to address surface runoff in the north east of England. Ultrasonic sensors were installed in the drainage network to evaluate the attenuation of surface water. SuDS were installed during an atypically wet spring, followed by a hot and dry summer, providing a range of conditions to assess their performance. Results demonstrate that there was a statistically significant difference in the detected flow level in manholes downstream of the SuDS interventions. Several challenges occurred, from signal obstacles in wireless telecommunication services, to logistical constraints of installing sensors in the drainage network, and issues with the adoption of property level SuDS. These issues require further research. Qualitative support for partnership working was crucial to increase the capacity for delivering SuDS. To ensure the success of future schemes and likelihood of SuDS uptake, partnership working and engaging with communities is vital.

Use of “closed” urinary drainage systems in septic patients in intensive care

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-427
Author(s):  
G. Zerega ◽  
D. Pacini ◽  
M. Cerana
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Open System ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urinary Drainage ◽  
Closed Drainage ◽  
Urinary Infections ◽  
Cost Benefit Ratio ◽  
Closed Drainage System

The so-called “open” and “closed” urinary drainage systems in patients in intensive care are compared in order to evaluate the cost/benefit ratio in preventing urinary infections. 523 patients were studied; 120 were catheterised with the “open” system, 403 with the “closed” system. The “squared X” test was used for statistical comparisons, with Yates’ continuity correction. In the “open” system group, 70% of patients became infected, a statistically significant result (p<0.05). The higher cost of the “closed” drainage system would seem to be compensated by the fact that the catheter remains in situ for 10-14 days, unless there are complications, while infections are fewer and there is a saving on specific drugs and hospitalisation times.

scholarly journals Hydraulic calculation of horizontal open drainages

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 05039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aybek Arifjanov ◽  
Maqsud Otaxonov ◽  
Luqmon Samiev ◽  
Shamshodbek Akmalov
Keyword(s):  
Flow Velocity ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Soil Condition ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Hydraulic Calculation ◽  
Good Effect ◽  
Deep Drainage ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Motion Mode

In article analysed the factors influencing the hydraulic processes which arise in the open horizontal drainage systems. Open drainages plays important role in order to improve the ameliorative condition of the agricultural area, salt washing on the soil. It is emphasized that the deep drainage in our region has a good effect on the soil condition and salt removing. At present, efforts are being made to improve the productivity of the collectors to clean and built. As example the collector drainage systems in Syrdarya region are listed. It is observed that the motion mode of open drainage flows is physically identical. Due to the complexity of equations in the unstable motion mode, the drainage water flow scheme in the collectors reflects the hydraulic calculation of the movement. Researches were provided in open agricultural drainage system of Syrdarya region and analysis have been done in natural field conditions. It has been noted when slope of the drainage bed is equal to i<0,0005 intensity of deformation were very high, when slope was between 0,0005<i<0,0011 intensity of deformation of collector bed was equal to the minimum level. In this article provided hydraulic calculation for Syrdarya region drainage system for choosing dynamical stable shape of bed. Those hydraulic calculations and projections ensure collectors with long time period of exploitation condition. Calculation and analyses were done with taking account trapezoidal capacity of the stream in drainage system, and the results of studies on increasing the flow efficiency are reflected. Analysed that when slope will increase until 20% discharge capacity will increase because of high average flow velocity increased by 7-8 times and discussed difference of them. As a result of the hydraulic calculation, the slope of the drainage increased from i-0,00048 to i-0,0006, the fact that the flow capacity increased by 25% due to the increase because of flow velocity.

scholarly journals Sediment and Nutrient Contributions from Subsurface Drains and Point Sources to an Agricultural Watershed

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. ASWR.S4471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bonnie Ball Coelho ◽  
Allison J. Bruin ◽  
Shawn Staton ◽  
David Hayman
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Suspended Sediments ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Agricultural Watershed ◽  
Agricultural Watersheds ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Aquatic Life ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Closed Drainage

Excess sediment and nutrients in surface waters can threaten aquatic life. To determine the relative importance of subsurface drainage as a pathway for movement of sediment and nutrients to surface waters, loading from various tile systems was compared to that from sewage treatment plants (STP) within the same watershed. Movement through tiles comprised 1 to 8% of estimated total (overland plus tile) annual sediment loading from the respective areas drained by the tile. Load during the growing season from five closed drainage systems without surface inlets averaged 5 kg sediment/ha, 0.005 kg dissolved reactive P (DRP)/ha, 0.003 kg NH4-N/ha, and 3.8 kg NO3-N/ha; and from two open drainage systems with surface inlets averaged 14 kg sediment/ha, 0.03 kg DRP/ha, 0.04 kg NH4-N/ha, and 3.1 kg NO3-N/ha. The eight STP contributed about 44 530 kg suspended sediments, 3380 kg total P, 1340 kg NH4-N, and 116 900 kg NO3-N to the watershed annually. Drainage systems added less NH4-N and P, but more NO3-N and suspended solids to surface waters than STP. Tile drainage pathways for NO3-N, STP in the case of P, and overland pathways for sediment are indicated as targets to control loading in artificially drained agricultural watersheds.

scholarly journals Study on the Implementation of Drainage System at Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Luqman Ismail ◽  
◽  
Sharifah Meryam Shareh Musa ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Stormwater Management ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Urban Stormwater ◽  
Open Drainage ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Urban Stormwater Management ◽  
Land Drainage

Drainage systems play an important role in the development of managing surface runoff water. This is because without proper management of the drainage system, it can cause flooding in the area. Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) has suffered floods and caused significant losses. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to study the types of drainage systems available around the UTHM area. In this regard, semi-structured interviews were conducted with a number of respondents from the Development and Maintenance Office UTHM to study the problems of each existing drainage system around the area and to look at ways of improving the existing drainage system. The types of drainage systems available at UTHM have been identified as conventional drainage systems, Urban Stormwater Management Manual (MSMA), monsoon drainage, main drainage and land drainage. Problems such as drainage system, waste and clogged drainage also being identified. Among the improvements identified are replacing MSMA with open drainage. In conclusion, the study of drainage system implementation at UTHM can provide a clearer picture of the drainage system used around the study area.

scholarly journals Laboratory Tests of New Groundwater Table Level Regulators in Subsurface Drainage Systems

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 631
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Popek ◽  
Sławomir Bajkowski ◽  
Piotr Siwicki ◽  
Janusz Urbański
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Drainage System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Drainage Network ◽  
Drainage Systems ◽  
Drainage Networks ◽  
Innovative Solutions ◽  
Flow Rate Range

The changes in hydrological conditions observed nowadays require economical use of water. This applies to water management both on a national scale and river basins and catchments, as well as on the scale of drainage systems and individual drainage networks. Outflow regulation is carried out by extending the outflow time of surface water collected during rainfall in various forms of retention in the catchment area. One of the devices for regulating the outflow of groundwater is a drainage network, traditionally used as a drainage system. The water level regulators presented in this article enable the damming of water in the drainage network, in pipelines and in the adjacent ground. The conducted tests were aimed at determining the hydraulic characteristics and operating conditions of two innovative solutions of water level regulators in drainage systems. These regulators are characterised by the possibility of smooth regulation by the use of rotary or propeller systems for smoothly setting the damming level. Both tested regulators are characterised by the presence of an effective flow, the value of which was set at the level of Qe = 0.17 l∙s−1 to Qe = 0.25 l∙s−1 for the funnel regulator and Qe = 0.009 l∙s−1 to Qe = 0.015 l∙s−1 for a hole regulator. Laboratory tests of the prototypes showed that the funnel regulator allows one to maintain the damming level in a flow rate range of up to 5.5 l∙s−1, with possible damming up to 3 cm, regardless of the height of the shaft. The hole regulator is characterised by a flow control range of up to Q = 0.65 l∙s−1, greater variability of the damming levels and the need to change the position of the working openings, depending on the flow rate.

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