scholarly journals ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF MAIZE GROWN UNDER INCREASING NITROGEN DOSES IN SUCCESSION TO INTERCROPPED PASTURES

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
DANIEL AUGUSTO BARRETA ◽  
DILMAR BARETTA ◽  
FLÁVIO JOSÉ SIMIONI ◽  
LUIZ ALBERTO NOTTAR
Keyword(s):  
Economic Analysis ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Gross Income ◽  
N Treatment

The aim of this work was to carry out an economic analysis of production systems with the use of cold season pastures followed by maize cultivation with surface application of increasing doses of nitrogen fertilizer. The treatments were: black oat + 200 kg of N ha-1 (Bo+N); black oat + white clover (Bo+Wc); black oat + vetch (Bo+Ve); black oat + red clover (Bo+Rc); and black oat + forage peanut (Bo+Fp). Experimental randomized block design was used, with four replications. The forage species were evaluated as to dry matter production, chemical-bromatological composition, estimated milk production (kg ha-1) and gross income (R$ ha-1). Maize was cultivated in succession, with doses of 0, 100 and 200 kg of N ha-1, in a split-plot design. Among the profitability indices evaluated, the gross margin (R$ ha-1) stands outs. The data were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared through Tukey's test at 5% probability. In the pasture phase, the Bo+N treatment presented higher gross income. In the cropping phase, the gross margin was higher in the Bo+Ve treatment, but it did not differ from the Bo+N treatment. In terms of system, the best economic result was obtained with the Bo+N treatment.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and potassium supply and the morphogenic and productive characteristics of marandu palisadegrass

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 1666-1675 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcio Mahmoud Megda ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
System Development ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Root System Development ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Specific Length

The objective of this work was to study morphogenic characteristics, and dry matter production of roots and shoots of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) submitted to combinations of nitrogen and potassium, in a nutritive solution, employing silica as substrate. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse during the summer. It was used a 5² fractionated factorial scheme with 13 combinations of nitrogen and potassium, which were distributed in a randomized block design, with four replications. The nitrogen × potassium interaction was significant for the number of tillers and leaves, for leaf area, for shoots and root section dry mass, for total length and surface and specific length and surface in the roots. Production of aerial part dry mass positively correlated with the number of tillers and leaves and grass leaf area. Nitrogen rates modulated the root system development, and the root specific length and surface decreased when high rates of nitrogen and potassium were supllied. Nitrogen and potassium influence Marandu palisadegrass morphogenic characteristics, which are determinant for grass dry matter production.

scholarly journals Limestone and phosphorus application and forage production in natural pastures with sodseeding of cool-season species

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 3681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nelson Eduardo Prestes ◽  
Cassandro Vidal Talamini do Amarante ◽  
Cassiano Eduardo Pinto ◽  
Gabriel Avila Prestes ◽  
Guilherme Doneda Zanini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Natural Pasture ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Second Year ◽  
Phosphorus Application

Natural pastures are important ecosystems that both contribute to biodiversity conservation and provide an important source of income, especially for cattle ranchers. While these pastures yield fairly low productivity, they can be improved by increasing soil fertility and introducing species with high productive potentials. In this sense, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of applying limestone and phosphorus, as well as introducing cool-season species with a mixture of species dominated by Schizachyrium tenerum Nees, into a natural pasture in the Catarinense Plateau. The experiment was conducted from January 2010 to December 2013; the treatments consisted of superficial distribution of limestone in proportions of 3.6, 7.2, 11.0, and 14.4 t ha-1, as well as distribution of phosphorus in the form of triple superphosphate in proportions of 35, 70, 105, and 140 kg of P2O5 ha-1. In addition, cool-season species were overseeded. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with subdivided plots and three replications. Limestone was applied to the main parcel, whereas phosphorus was applied to the subplots. There was no interaction between the levels of limestone and phosphorus. The application of 11.0 t ha-1 of limestone yielded the highest forage production, with 3,932.2 kg of dry matter (DM) ha-1 during the second year. Red clover was the species that best reacted to the additions, with levels of 7.2 and 11.0 t ha-1 over the 4 years. In addition, phosphorus provoked a positive response throughout the experiment. The highest forage production was observed during the second year, with an addition of 140 kg P2O5 ha-1 (4,419.4 kg DM ha-1). Only one-eighth of the recommended amount of limestone (3.6 t ha-1) allowed for the establishment and persistence of the legumes introduced into natural pastures. These additions, associated with increasing levels of phosphorus, yielded linear growth in the production of forage in natural pastures with a mixture of species dominated by Schizachyrium tenerum Nees.

scholarly journals DIFFERENT STABILITY METHODS FOR CULTIVAR RECOMMENDATION IN ELEPHANT-GRASS FOR ENERGY PURPOSES IN BRAZIL

CERNE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Brito da Silva ◽  
Rogerio Figueiredo Daher ◽  
Bruna Rafaela da Silva Menezes ◽  
Maria Lorraine Fonseca Oliveira ◽  
Maria do Socorro Bezerra Araújo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Yield ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Non Parametric

ABSTRACT The elephant-grass undergoes successive cutting and periodical evaluations that it possible to identify clones with high stability for dry matter production, which can be used for energy production. The present study was carried out to evaluate stability dry matter yield for different parametric and non-parametric methods in elephant grass genotypes for biomass production undergoes successive cutting in the agroclimatic conditions of the Norte Fluminense (RJ, Brazil). The variable measured in the 40 genotypes was dry matter yield (DMY) at 2009, 2010 and 2011 in a field study designed as randomized block design with two replicates. Each sample was grown in different environment condition. The stability methods tested were the Yates and Cochran’s, Plaisted and Peterson’s, Wricke’s ecovalence, Annicchiarico’s, Lin and Binns’ and Kang and Phan’s. Results indicated that cutting (E) and genotypes (G) influenced significantly on the performance of dry matter yield. The non-parametric stability methods were effective for the evaluation of stability in dry matter yield. Genotypes Mercker, Pinda-México, Mercker 86-México, Guaçu/IZ, Mercker Pinda, P-241-Piracicaba and Cubano Pinda were stable stability dry matter yield. Hence, there are genotypes may be exploited in future breeding programmes in order to improve productivity of upland elephant grass over environment.

scholarly journals Drought-induced alterations in the uptake of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the relation with drought tolerance in sugar cane

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thais Ramos da Silva ◽  
Jairo Osvaldo Cazetta ◽  
Samira Domingues Carlin ◽  
Bruna Robiati Telles
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Cane ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Plant Transpiration ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Prolonged Drought ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Relationship Of

ABSTRACT Although there are evidences that the proper supply of mineral nutrients to plants relieves water stress, little is known on the approach of how the drought affects the absorption and accumulation of nutrients by distinct sugar cane genotypes, or in different parts of a same plant. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the content and accumulation of N, P and K in the aerial part of plant from three genotypes of sugar cane, submitted to three water potentials in the soil, and check the relationship of these variables with the tolerance of plants to prolonged drought. In order to access this objective, an experiment under greenhouse conditions, comprised by a fatorial 3 × 3, in a randomized block design, and four replicates was carried out. After 90 days from treatment imposition, the plant transpiration rate, plant dry mass, concentration of N, P and K were determined in leaves and culms, as well as in total plant shoot were measured. It was found that tolerance to drought in sugar cane is related to higher levels of N and K in the leaves and stems, and larger accumulations of K and P in the plant shoot. There is high positive correlations among accumulation of N, P and K in the plant shoot and dry matter production by plants submitted to drought. There are intermediate correlations among plant transpiration and nutrient uptake by plants under drought. Plants of the genotype SP81-3250 are more tolerante to prolonged drought, than the RB855453 and IACSP95-5000 plants.

scholarly journals ‘Pele de sapo’ melon grown under different irrigation depths and bioestimulant rates in the Semiarid region of Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e3303
Author(s):  
Daíse Souza Reis Lima ◽  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
José Aliçandro Bezerra da Silva ◽  
Magno do Nascimento Amorim ◽  
Alessandra Monteiro Salviano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Relative Water ◽  
Chlorophyll A And B ◽  
Hot Season ◽  
Amino Acid Contents

The objective of this work was to evaluate physiological and biochemical responses of Pele de sapo melon to different irrigation depths (ID) and bioestimulant rates (BTM) to improve its production efficiency. The experiment was conducted in an experimental field in Juazeiro, BA, Brazil. A randomized block design in split split-plot arrangement was used, with four ID (60, 80, 100, and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc) in the plots; five (BTM) (Stimulate® at 0, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, and 4.8 L ha-1 applied via irrigation system during the flowering stage and after the fruiting stage) in the subplots; and two crop seasons (hot season, 23 to 39 °C; and cold season, 15 to 30 °C) in the sub-subplots. The plants were under daily drip irrigation and spacing of 2.0 × 0.3 m. The variables evaluated were: gas exchange, water use efficiency, chlorophyll a and b, relative water, sugar, and amino acid contents, and fruit yield. The results showed that the ID of 60% ETc resulted in water deficit, denoted by increases in solute concentrations, whereas the ID of 80% and 100% resulted in plants with good performance for biochemical, physiological, and production parameters in both crop seasons. The hot season, ID of 120% ETc, and BTM of 2.4 L ha-1 are recommended for Pele de sapo melon crops, since they result in the best physiological responses and fruit yields.

scholarly journals Agronomic and Economic Evaluation of Sequential Spray of Silicon and Fungicides for a Sustainable Soybean Crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Renato Anastácio Guazina ◽  
Rosiane Araujo Rodrigues Nass ◽  
Gustavo De Faria Theodoro ◽  
Ricardo Carneiro Brumatti ◽  
Sofia Michele Muchalak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity Analysis ◽  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Soybean Rust ◽  
Aluminum Silicate ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Soybean Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Block Design

This study was carried out to determine whether the yield of soybean cultivars and the severity of Asian Soybean Rust (ASR) are influenced by foliar spray of silicon exclusively or along with a fungicide mixture, as well as the economic viability of their use for a sustainable crop. The experiment was performed in randomized-block design, five replicates, two soybean cultivars and (2×6) + 2 factorial arrangements: S1 (AlSi at R1 + R4); S2 (AlSi at R1 + R5.1); S3 (AlSi at R1 + FM at R4); S4 (FM at R1 + AlSi at R4); S5 (AlSi at R1 + FM at R5.1); S6 (FM at R1 + AlSi at R5.1); NC and PC (negative and positive control). The economic evaluation and sensitivity analysis were undertaken for Anta 82 RR. There was no interaction effect between the factors, and cultivar CD 2737 had a higher yield. ASR was less severe in CD 2737, and S3 and S5 provided the lowest disease severity. Exclusive spray of aluminum silicate was able to reduce the number of lesions with uredinia, open uredinia and uredinia per lesion. S3 increased grain yield, resulting in higher revenues and a 66.1% gross margin. Sensitivity analysis revealed that S3 was profitable in all scenarios.

scholarly journals Influence of glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of Panicum maximum cultivars

2018 ◽  
Vol 85 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzete Fernandes Lima ◽  
Leandro Spíndola Pereira ◽  
Gustavo Dorneles Sousa ◽  
Simonny Araújo Vasconcelo ◽  
Adriano Jakelaitis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Panicum Maximum ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Forage Species

ABSTRACT: The use of herbicide underdoses allows minimizing the competition of grasses on annual crops, enabling simultaneous cultivation. In this context, the objective of this study was to investigate glyphosate underdoses on the suppression of the initial growth of three Panicum maximum cultivars aiming at the integrated cultivation, in addition to the effects of forage species on the incidence and development of weeds. Three field experiments were conducted. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four replications and eight treatments consisting of increasing glyphosate doses (0, 54, 108, 270, 378, 540, 756, and 1,080 g a.e. ha−1). An atrazine dose of 1,200 g a.i. ha−1 was added to each treatment. Plant phytotoxicity assessments were performed at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after application. At 80 and 125 days after sowing, the assessments of total dry matter production, leaf dry matter, stem dry matter, and leaf to stem ratio were carried out, in addition to density and dry matter production of weed community. Glyphosate underdoses below 215, 65, and 90 g a.e. ha-1 have a potential to be investigated aiming at the management of P. maximum cv. Atlas, P. maximum cv. Mombasa, and P. maximum cv. Tanzania under intercropping. The three forage species are effective in suppressing weeds.

scholarly journals Dry matter production and nutrient accumulation after successive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogongrass in a substrate with zeolite

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto C. de Campos Bernardi ◽  
Marisa Bezerra de Mello Monte ◽  
Paulo Renato Perdigão Paiva ◽  
Carlos Guarino Werneck ◽  
Patrick Gesualdi Haim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Dry Matter Production ◽  
Natural Occurrence ◽  
Nutrient Source ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Four Levels

Zeolites are hydrated crystalline aluminosilicate minerals of natural occurrence, structured in rigid third dimension net that can be used as slow release plant-nutrient source. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of plant growth substrate under zeolite application, enriched with N, P and K, on dry matter yield and on nutrient contents in consecutive crops of lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with 3 kg pots with an inert substrate, evaluated in a randomized block design with three replications. Treatments consisted of four types of enrichment of concentrated natural zeolite: concentrated zeolite (Z) only, zeolite + KNO3 (ZNK), zeolite + K2HPO4 (ZPK) and zeolite + H3PO4 + apatite (ZP), and a control grown in substrate fertilized with a zeolite-free nutrient solution. Four levels of enriched zeolite were tested: 20, 40, 80, and 160 g/pot. Four successive crops were grown on the same substrate in each pot: lettuce, tomato, rice, and andropogon grass. Results indicated that N, P and K enriched zeolite was an adequate slow-release nutrient source for plants. The total dry matter production of above-ground biomass of four successive crops followed a descending order: ZP > ZPK > ZNK > Z.

scholarly journals Physiological Characteristics of Trees Recommended for the Phytoremediation of Soils Contaminated with Herbicides

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.M. AGUIAR ◽  
J.B. SANTOS ◽  
E.A. FERREIRA ◽  
C.M. CABRAL ◽  
I.M. PEREIRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Lower Variation

ABSTRACT: Herbicides are inputs with a high volume of use in agricultural production systems for weed management; however, the environmental contamination they cause is a reality. The objective of this research was to evaluate the tolerance of tree species used for the phytoremediation of herbicides in the soil, to atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D, through the evaluation of photosynthetic indices. Thus, a randomized block design experiment was conducted with four replications, in a 4 x 5 factorial arrangement, where the first factor represented the herbicides atrazine, clomazone and 2,4-D and the control treatment without herbicide (water). The second factor consisted in the use of pre-selected tree species for the phytoremediation of soils with residues of the products [Eremanthus crotonoides DC. (candeia), - Richeria grandis Vahl (richeria), Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl) Marchand, (breu-branco) Kielmeyera latrophyton Saddi, Kew Bull, (pau-santo) Calophyllum brasiliense Cambess (guanandi)]. The herbicides were applied through dishes placed under the culture containers of the plants, when they presented eight months of development. After 15 days from the herbicide application, the visual intoxication, stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (E), CO2 concentration in the substomatal chamber (Ci), and water use efficiency (WUE) were evaluated. The herbicides affected differently the physiological characteristics of the tree species; atrazine was the most harmful product. Individuals under the effect of 2,4-D and clomazone presented lower variation for their physiological characteristics, compared to the respective control treatments. Breu-branco, despite showing low visual intoxication provided by the herbicides, was the most affected species by the products. On the other hand, candeia was the most tolerant species to the action of the herbicides.

scholarly journals 7. Productivity And Chemical Composition Of Several Mulberry Species (Morus spp) Agains Spacing Plant, and Cutting Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-56
Author(s):  
Rijanto Hutasoit ◽  
Simon Ginting ◽  
Juniar Sirait ◽  
Andi Tarigan
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Plant Spacing ◽  
Tannin Content ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Morus Spp

The cultivation of mulberry as forages is scarce in Indonesian feeding system for ruminant production, although many studies have indicated  its nutritional potential as animal feed especially ruminants. This study was aimed to investigate the effects spacing of plant and cutting age on productivity and chemical composition of some species mulberry plants. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with factorial treatments. The factors species were (M. indica cv kanva, M. nigra, M. cathyana, and M. Multicaulis), the spacing of plants (1 x 0.5 m, 1 x 1 m and 1 x 1.5 m) and cutting ages (210, 240, and 270 days after planting). The results showed that species, M. multicaulis and M. cathyana are the highest growth, using a spacing of 1 x 0.5 m with cutting age 270 days after planting. Dry matter production highest (P < 0,05) in M. Cathyana at spacing of 1 x 0.5 with cutting age 270 days after planting. The ratio of leaves and stems of plants are affected by age, the highest proportions of leaf  is obtained at the cutting age of 210 days. Chemical composition were highest in M.multicaulis at the age of 270 days. The highest content of  organic matter (OM) were found in M.Kanva and not different with M. Nigra at the age of 270 day after planting. In treatment of cutting ages have no effect (P < 0.05) on the Crude protein (CP), ADF, NDF, lignin and tannin content. The average content of CP obtained gained 20.69%, 32.38% ADF, NDF 33.99%, 12.45% lignin and tannin 0.3%. Concluded that mulberry plants with a plant spacing of plant 1 x 0.5 and 270 days after plant have more advantages for use as animal feed.

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