scholarly journals THE STUDY OF HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS SENSITIZED CRYSTALS OF CADMIUM SULFIDE. PART IV. FEATURES OF THE REVERSE PHOTOEXCITATION METHOD

2021 ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
S. Kulikov ◽  
Ye. Brytavskyi ◽  
V. Borshchak ◽  
N. Zatovskaya ◽  
M. Kutalova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Model Material ◽  
Reverse Method ◽  
First Time ◽  
Convenient Model ◽  
Non Equilibrium

For the first time, a reverse method of studying the spectral distribution curves of the photocurrent was applied, which allows to separate the contribution of equilibrium and non-equilibrium carriers. This publication is a continuation of the reviews [1-3]. In order to preserve the generality of the work, the numbering of sections is selected to be general. Numbers of formulas and figures are presented in sections. References to literature in each review are given individually. Cadmium sulfide crystals are used in our research as a convenient model material. The results obtained on them and the constructed models are also applied to other semiconductor substances.

scholarly journals Performance of Turbulence Models and Near-Wall Treatments in Discrete Jet Film Cooling Simulations

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey D. Ferguson ◽  
Dibbon K. Walters ◽  
James H. Leylek
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Film Cooling ◽  
Turbulence Models ◽  
Viscous Sublayer ◽  
Reynolds Stress Model ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Wall Functions ◽  
First Time ◽  
Near Wall ◽  
Non Equilibrium

For the first time in the open literature, code validation quality data and a well-tested, highly reliable computational methodology are employed to isolate the true performance of seven turbulence treatments in discrete jet film cooling. The present research examines both computational and high quality experimental data for two length-to-diameter ratios of a row of streamwise injected, cylindrical film holes. These two cases are used to document the performance of the following turbulence treatments: 1) standard k-ε model with generalized wall functions; 2) standard k-ε model with non-equilibrium wall functions: 3) Renormalization Group k-ε (RNG) model with generalized wall functions; 4) RNG model with non-equilibrium wall functions: 51 standard k-ε model with two-layer turbulence wall treatment; 6) Reynolds Stress Model (RSM) with generalized wall functions; and 7) RSM with non-equilibrium wall functions. Overall, the standard k-ε turbulence model with the two-layer near-wall treatment, which resolves the viscous sublayer, produces results that are more consistent with experimental data.

Large Stokes Shifted Quaternary Copper Cadmium Sulfide Selenide Quantum Dots Waveguides

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dipanwita Roy ◽  
Piyush Kanti Sarkar ◽  
Amit Dalui ◽  
Uttam Kumar Ghorai ◽  
Dharmendra K Gupta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Stokes Shift ◽  
Colloidal Synthesis ◽  
Synthesis Route ◽  
Luminescence Efficiency ◽  
First Time

Stokes shift engineering of quantum dots is an attractive approach to enhance luminescence efficiency by reducing reabsorption losses. We report for the first time the colloidal synthesis route of a...

scholarly journals Non-equilibrium thermodynamics and stoichiography in studying solid-phase preparation processes of functional materials

2019 ◽  
Vol 488 (3) ◽  
pp. 272-276
Author(s):  
V. V. Malakhov ◽  
V. N. Parmon
Keyword(s):  
Phase Transformations ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Variable Composition ◽  
Propane Ammoxidation ◽  
Equilibrium Thermodynamics ◽  
Amorphous Phases ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Equilibrium

The application of the general principles of the non-equilibrium thermodynamics and stoichiography allows obtaining novel information on the solid-phase transformations happening in multielement and heterophase substances and materials. Without the solid-phase standards, the use of stoichiography allows detecting, identifying and quantitative determining known and unknown crystalline and amorphous phases being of constant or variable composition. For the first time, reliable results concerning evolution of solid products during preparation of the Mo-V-Te-Nb-O catalyst of propane ammoxidation are presented.

In situ surface engineering of ultrafine Ni2P nanoparticles on cadmium sulfide for robust hydrogen evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (21) ◽  
pp. 5406-5415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junfang Wang ◽  
Peifang Wang ◽  
Jun Hou ◽  
Jin Qian ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Hydrogen Evolution ◽  
Surface Engineering ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Cds Nanorods ◽  
First Time

Here we report the in situ growth of well-dispersed ultrafine Ni2P nanoparticles on CdS nanorods by a simple solvothermal method and a further surface phosphatization treatment for the first time.

scholarly journals Kinetic and energetic insights in the dissipative non-equilibrium operation of an autonomous light-powered supramolecular pump

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Corrà ◽  
Marina Tranfik Bakic ◽  
Jessica Groppi ◽  
Massimo Baroncini ◽  
Serena Silvi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Assembly ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
External Source ◽  
Light Energy ◽  
Artificial System ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Equilibrium

Natural and artificial autonomous molecular machines operate by constantly dissipating energy coming from an external source to maintain a non-equilibrium state. The in-depth study of these dissipative states is highly challenging as they exist only as long as energy is provided. Here we report on the detailed physicochemical characterization of the dissipative operation of a supramolecular pump transducing light energy into chemical energy by shifting the equilibrium of self-assembly reactions. The composition of the system under light irradiation was followed in real-time by 1H NMR and parameters such as the dissipation and the energy storage at the steady state were extracted for four different irradiation intensities. For the first time in an artificial system, we quantitatively probed the relationship between the light energy input and the deviation of the dissipative state from thermodynamic equilibrium. Our results also provide a testing ground for newly developed theoretical models.

On the induction of injury in tomato under continuous light: circadian asynchrony as the main triggering factor

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron I. Velez-Ramirez ◽  
Gabriela Dünner-Planella ◽  
Dick Vreugdenhil ◽  
Frank F. Millenaar ◽  
Wim van Ieperen
Keyword(s):  
Spectral Distribution ◽  
Continuous Light ◽  
Artificial Light ◽  
Clock Frequency ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum L ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
First Time ◽  
Main Factor

Unlike other species, when tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are deprived of at least 8 h of darkness per day, they develop a potentially lethal injury. In an effort to understand why continuous light (CL) is injurious to tomato, we tested five factors, which potentially could be responsible for triggering the injury in CL-grown tomato: (i) differences in the light spectral distribution between sunlight and artificial light, (ii) continuous light signalling, (iii) continuous supply of light for photosynthesis, (iv) continuous photo-oxidative pressure and (v) circadian asynchrony – a mismatch between the internal circadian clock frequency and the external light/dark cycles. Our results strongly suggest that continuous-light-induced injury does not result from the unnatural spectral distribution of artificial light nor from the continuity of light per se. Instead, circadian asynchrony seems to be the main factor inducing the CL-induced injury, but the mechanism is not by the earlier hypothesised circadian pattern in sensitivity for photoinhibition. Here, however, we show for the first time diurnal fluctuations in sensitivity to photoinhibition during normal photoperiods. Similarly, we also report for the first time diurnal and circadian rhythms in the maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) and the parameter F0.

Cadmium sulfide as an efficient electron transport material for inverted planar perovskite solar cells

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (25) ◽  
pp. 3170-3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinbiao Jia ◽  
Jihuai Wu ◽  
Jia Dong ◽  
Leqing Fan ◽  
Miaoliang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Electron Transport ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Perovskite Solar Cells ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Electron Transport Layer ◽  
Cds Nanoparticles ◽  
Solvothermal Reaction ◽  
First Time

Dispersible cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanoparticles are synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction and are used for the first time as an electron transport layer (ETL) in inverted planar perovskite solar cells.

scholarly journals Chemoinformatics: Applications of Computer Science in the Analysis of Chemical Structures (on the Example of Cadmium Sulfide)

2019 ◽  
pp. 44-54
Author(s):  
Anatolii G. Maksimov ◽  
◽  
Arsenii D. Zavalishin ◽  
Maxim V. Abramov ◽  
Alexander L. Tulupyev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Science ◽  
Cadmium Sulfide ◽  
Practical Application ◽  
Chemical Graph ◽  
Zagreb Indices ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Interdisciplinary Problems ◽  
First Time ◽  
Theoretical Foundations ◽  
Atom Bond

The article is aimed at demonstrating the practical application of graph theory as a subsection of the theoretical foundations of computer science in solving one of the interdisciplinary problems — describing the structure of the cadmium sulfide molecule using methods and indices of chemoinformatics. The article presents the results of calculations of the atom-bond connectivity index (ABC), of the geometric and arithmetic index GA, of the generalized Randic index, GA5 and ABC4, of the Zagreb indices for the chemical graph of cadmium sulfide (CdS). Topological indices for cadmium sulfide are considered for the first time, although the task of calculating these indices is not new in itself. The relevance of the results is emphasized by the fact that cadmium sulfide is widely used in various fields, such as optoelectronics, photodetectors, photoresistors, etc.

Perspectives on external electric fields in molecular simulation: progress, prospects and challenges

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 12407-12440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niall J. English ◽  
Conor J. Waldron
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Simulation ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
External Electric Fields ◽  
First Time ◽  
Non Equilibrium

This review examines, for the first time, the exciting, emerging area of non-equilibrium molecular simulation in externally-applied electric fields.

scholarly journals On the irreversible thermodynamic of a gas influenced by a thermal radiation force generated from a heated rigid flat plate

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 168781402096504
Author(s):  
Taha Zakaraia Abdel Wahid
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Radiation Force ◽  
Irreversible Thermodynamic ◽  
Gas Mixture ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
First Time ◽  
Gas Component ◽  
Non Equilibrium

In the present paper, the effect of the nonlinear thermal radiation (TR) on the neutral gas mixture in the unsteady state is investigated for the first time. The unsteady BGK technique of the Boltzmann kinetic equation (BKE) for a non-homogenous neutral gas (NHNG) is solved. The solution of the unsteady case makes the problem more general than the stationary case. For this purpose, the moments’ method, together with the traveling wave method, is applied. The temperature and concentration are calculated for each gas component and mixture for the first time. Furthermore, the study is held for aboard range of temperatures ratio parameter and a wide range of the molar fraction. The non-equilibrium distribution function (NEDF) is calculated for each gas component and the gas mixture. The significant non-equilibrium irreversible thermodynamic characteristics the entire system is acquired analytically. That technic allows us to investigate our model consistency with Boltzmann’s H-theorem, Le Chatelier’s principle, and thermodynamics laws. Moreover, the ratios among the further participation of the internal energy change (IEC) are evaluated via the Gibbs formula of total energy. The final results are utilized to the argon-helium NHNG at different magnitudes of radiation force (RF) strength and molar fraction parameters. 3D-graphics are presented to predict the behavior of the calculated variables, and the obtained results are theoretically discussed. The significance of this study is due to its vast applications in numerous fields, such as satellites, commercial, and various industrial applications.

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