scholarly journals PARGOD (WORLD CURTAIN) AND THE NOVEL «DOCTOR ZHIVAGO» BY BORIS PASTERNAK

Doxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 66-83
Author(s):  
Olexander Kyrylyuk
Keyword(s):  
Literary Criticism ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Superstring Theory ◽  
Boris Pasternak ◽  
Real Material ◽  
Destructive Action ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Physics ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World

Boris Pasternak argued that no one understood that in his main novel a certain philosophy was set forth, the essence of which was that the true world was closed to us by a swaying curtain. Other poets clearly saw the same images of the world fabric, woven from threads, which closes true being from us. There is a similar superstring theory in modern physics. The search for this idea in an explicit form in the writer’s works ended in a negative result. Then the subject of analysis was literary criticism, which dealt with the curtain, fabric and threads mentioned in the novel or told about its cryptosemantics. The metaphorical change in the properties of things and the blurring of their boundaries was considered a manifestation of their unity in the other world. Critics tried to consider the idea of ??Pasternak in the contest of the Plato“s cave as a symbol of the division of the world into the illusory and true ones, etc. However, none of the critics could find in the novel the hidden content the novel“s author spoke about. Instead, critics saw in the novel such meanings and images that were completely absent in it. The article concludes that if the hidden meaning does exist in the novel, it is not explicated in any way. At the same time, it may be assumed that the idea of ??the threads of the world came to Pasternak, as it was with other poets, in the his poiesis insight of clairvoyance. At the same time, the article concluded that in Pasternak”s case the real, material world as a curtain-world disappears by itself due to the destructive action of the revolution. In addition to the world of things, in the war, from the lack of food, frosts and epidemics, the heroes of the novel and Zhivago himself die. The main character from «Zhivago» (Аlive) gradually turned into the “Mertvago” (Unalive), what allows Me author to consider the novel a guilty verdict of social revolution. Of course, for the apologists of the «Russian World» it would be tempting to interpret the fall of the curtain (the disappearance of the world of things) as opening to Russians by catharsis the true Divine World, but when noble people disappeared and Ham began to rule everywhere, in Russia there was no one who would and could cognize this Divine World.

HUNTING GWENDOLEN: ANIMETAPHOR INDANIEL DERONDA

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chase Pielak
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Daniel Deronda ◽  
Animal Imagery ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Animal Representations

In George Eliot'sDanielDeronda, animal vitality figures prominently in shaping the human shell, to use an opening animal metaphor. Approaching the significance of the animal leads to a reading of Gwendolen Grandcourt's character as a responsible creature. Gwendolen is Eliot's heroine, one half of the pair of protagonists around whom the novel revolves. Eliot's fantastic character takes shape in three movements, each punctuated by its own animal metaphor: Gwendolen morphs from Lamia to mastered-animal to white doe. Animal imagery appears at the edge of the human, the point at which humanity gains and loses subjectivity, and Gwendolen's novel is fundamentally one of finding her place in the world, her singularity, her responsibility. Images of animals stand in the linguistic gaps – in the places words fail – to figure the subject.1Animals appear at the end of the ability of language to mean. Nevertheless, this analysis is not intended to encompass the complex range of animal representations in George's Eliot's oeuvre, or even to catalog every example inDaniel Deronda. Instead, it suggests the possibility of using animal metaphor as a map for reading a Victorian heroine.

Świat po katastrofie. Motywy postczarnobylskie w powieści Очамимря Ołeksandra Irwańca i w dramacie Na początku i na końcu czasów Pawła Arje

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Paulina Olechowska ◽  
Marta Zambrzycka
Keyword(s):  
Political Context ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Traditional Values ◽  
Literary Genres ◽  
Chernobyl Disaster ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Do So

The subject of the article is the analysis of post-Chernobyl themes in the novel by Oleksandr Irwaniec Ochamimriya and in Pawel Arje’s play At the beginning and end of time. The Chernobyl disaster played a key role in the development of contemporary Ukrainian literature and culture. Chernobyl very quickly became a universal metaphor that have gone far beyond ecology and into a cultural and political context. In both works, the atomic explosion (taken literally by Arje, as the explosion of the No. IV reactor in Chernobyl and by Irvacek more vaguely as an explosion) is a key element of the plot, aff ecting both the fate of the characters and the shape of the surrounding reality. Although these works belong to two diff erent literary genres and showcase two diff erent conventions of presenting reality, they are connected by a post-apocalyptic vision of the world and the concept of a looping time. The heroes of both texts live in a time after the catastrophe, deprived of civilized goods and isolated from the rest of the world. In the novel by Irwaniec, this time after the catastrophe is a sort of “new medieval” with a decidedly pessimistic expression while in Arje’s drama the return to the pre-industrial worldview contains hope for fi nding traditional values. Both texts also address issues relevant to the modern post-Soviet society, but they do so in very different ways. Irwaneć uses grotesque, to deprive his characters of complexity, while Arje makes his characters deeply tragic and psychologically probable.

scholarly journals Prishvin and Trotsky: a Man “like a pharmacist” in the novel “The World Cup”, journalism and the Writer’s Diary

2021 ◽  
pp. 164-177
Author(s):  
A. M. Podoksenov ◽  
V. A. Telkova
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Period ◽  
Soviet Society ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
World Cup ◽  
Russian Art ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
First Time

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the subject of the article is the question of the influence of L. D. Trotsky [Bronstein], who was one of the key leaders of Bolshevism, who headed the October Revolution, on the worldview and creativity of M. M. Prishvin, which has not yet been considered in the European studies. It is shown that in Russian art it is difficult to find an artist of the word, whose work would be to the same extent conditioned by the influence of the ideological and political context. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to show how, through individual characters in his works, Prishvin in an artistic and figurative form reflected the characteristic features of behavior, everyday habits, the style of thinking and speech of Trotsky. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of previously unpublished due to censorship restrictions of the writer’s works: the story “The World Cup”, journalism of the revolutionary years and the 18-volume Diary, which became available to the reader only in the post-Soviet period. It is shown that, depicting Trotsky as a “pharmacist” who, according to his recipes, is trying to create the future of a huge country, Prishvin seeks not only to artistically reflect his moral appearance and personality traits, but also to convey the features of the ideological and political struggle in Soviet society.

scholarly journals Philosophical Versions of the Eternal Storyline About Cupid and Psyche: from Neoplatonism to Christianity

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-55
Author(s):  
Yuliya G. Kotaridi
Keyword(s):  
Eternal Life ◽  
Genre Studies ◽  
The Novel ◽  
European Literature ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Cupid And Psyche ◽  
Mythological Studies

<p>The subject of this paper is the transformation of the poetics of Cupid and Psyche plot in its national and historical modifications in European literature. The methodology of the analysis is based on mythological studies (A.&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Veselovsky, A.&nbsp;F.&nbsp;Losev) and genre studies (M.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Bakhtin, S.&nbsp;S.&nbsp;Averintsev, E.&nbsp;M.&nbsp;Meletinsky, etc.). Allegorization of the images of Love and Soul appeared in the antiquity long before the novel by Apuleius &ldquo;Asinus Aureus&rdquo; or &ldquo;Metamorphoses&rdquo; (the 2<sup>nd</sup> century AD). In a&nbsp;Greek epigram Eros is often associated with the element of fire that puts the soul&nbsp;&mdash; &ldquo;Psycho&rdquo;&nbsp;&mdash; to a variety of ordeals and tortures. In &ldquo;Metamorphoses&rdquo; by Apuleius the tale about Cupid and Psyche can be seen as an allegorical narration about the soul traveling around the world and looking for ways to Love and eternal life. Later, the parabolic core of the ancient story was enriched with new motifs from the arsenal of mythology, Neoplatonism and Christianity. The archetypical basis and platonic paradigm of the plot in &ldquo;Metamorphoses&rdquo; by Apuleius go together in a syncretic unity, that provides universality and polysemy of the different versions of tales about Cupid and Psyche in European literature. The neoplatonic version of the story, which interprets the reunion between Cupid and Psyche as the Union of God and Soul, is represented in literature by writings of Fulgentius, Boccaccio, Heine, Coleridge, Żuławski and others.</p>

scholarly journals The characters of Eremey Aipin is pursuit of identity (based on the novel “In Search of the Primordial Land”)

Litera ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 78-88
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yuryevna Kolyagina
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Comprehensive Approach ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Methods Of Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Identification Analysis

The subject of this article is the problem of identity of the characters in the novel &ldquo;In Search of the Primordial Land&rdquo; by the regional Khanty writer Eremey Aipin. The goal is to describe the key vectors of reflections of the main characters on personal and national identity. The author aims to analyze the path of spiritual and social becoming, as well as finding true identity in the world and society of the protagonists of the novel &mdash; &ldquo;man of the kin&rdquo; Matvey Taishin and the hero &ldquo;without kith or kin&rdquo; Roman Romanov. The study leans on the interdisciplinary comprehensive approach, with the use of cultural-historical, typological, ethno-cultural, axiological and imagological methods of analysis. The scientific novelty lies in examination of the characters of the literary work from the perspective of their identity and identification. Analysis is conducted on the two ways of finding true identity by the characters in the small and big world. Path of &ldquo;man of the kin&rdquo; is the cognition of capabilities of staying in the world, strengthening of inviolable faith as the essential link in the chain of life, nature, Cosmos, and humanity. Path of the hero &ldquo;without kith or kin&rdquo; is a series of initiations (according to V. Y. Propp), as a result of which he gradually assimilates to the &ldquo;earthly world&rdquo;, having acquired the experience of merging with society. It is proven that solution of the questions on personal, social and national identity of the characters of the novel is interrelated with the author's traditionalistic worldview. The conclusion is made that in a crisis historical situation, the characters of the novel intuitively tilt towards ancient cultural memory of humanity, seeing its as a basis for reconstruction of identity.

scholarly journals Analisis Kritik Sastra Feminis dalam Cerpen Catatan Hati Yang Cemburu Karya Asma Nadia

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545
Author(s):  
Suaibatul Aslamiyah ◽  
Suci Nadilla ◽  
Cindy Aprilia Pratami
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Literary Criticism ◽  
Value Of Life ◽  
Feminist Literary Criticism ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
Universal Values ◽  
The Subject

Art has opened the eyes of the world throught literary works that record the history of a writing. Also the subject of women’s affairs is subject to an author’s reference to the problem of a sense of injustice. Such views have been discussed to voice gender equality and to seek efforts to overcome those problems. Nadia’s asthma is one of the authors who attempt to awaken women to the patriarchate system that has been going on. His works consistently incorporate such universal values as equality in various fields, human freedom, and tolerance so that his readers can adopt the value of life. In addition, she was actively involved in social media as a means of channeling her mind. The twitter feed says some of the people were repressed. Seeing the account encourage him to make a book and then be poured into a storybook of several different stories and in which one of the women’s true account t with the tittle of a jealous heart note. The study used qualitative descriptive methods with the theory of feminist literary criticism.

scholarly journals Central Asian Social Types as an Orientalism Pattern in Leonid Solovyov’s Prose

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-59
Author(s):  
Eleonora F. Shafranskaya ◽  
Tatyana V. Volokhova
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Literary Work ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Research Focus ◽  
General Sense ◽  
Cultural Methods ◽  
Central Asian ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

The literary work of the Russian writer Leonid Solovyov (1906-1962) was widely known in the Soviet period of the twentieth century - but only by means of the novel dilogy about Khoja Nasreddin. His other stories and essays were not included in the readers repertoire or the research focus. One of the reasons for this is that the writer was repressed by Stalinist regime due to his allegedly anti-Soviet activities. In the light of modern post-Orientalist studies, Solovyovs prose is relevant as a subcomponent of Russian Orientalism both in general sense and as its Soviet version. The Oriental stories series, which is the subject of this article, has never been the object of scientific research before. The authors of the article are engaged, in a broad sense, in identifying the features of Solovyovs Oriental poetics, and, narrowly, in revealing some patterns of the Central Asian picture of the world. In particular, the portraits of social and professional types, met by Solovyov there in 1920-1930, are presented. Some of them have sunk into oblivion, others can be found today, in the XXI century. Comparative, typological and cultural methods are used in the interdisciplinary context of the article.

scholarly journals The metaphor of stopped time in the novel “The Tin Drum” by Günter Grass

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Kseniya Sergeevna Oparina
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Development ◽  
Crimes Against Humanity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ethical Norms ◽  
Günter Grass

The goal of this article consist in interpretation of the major metaphor in G&uuml;nter Grass&rsquo; novel &ldquo;The Tin Drum&rdquo;, &nbsp;and coverage of its interrelation with symbolism of the image of the protagonist Oskar Matzerath. The subject of this research is the metaphor of stopped time. The time stops for Oscar with regards to physical and emotional development. Special attention is given to the fact that the protagonist of the novel, who comes into the world with adult intelligence, deliberately stops his development at the age of three. Using the indicated metaphor, the author of the novel forms the key traits of the image of the protagonists: perpetual child, demiurge, trickster. The novelty of this research and special contribution of the author consists in revelation of direct correlations between the aforementioned traits of the main character of the fundamental problems of human existence. A child who refuses to grow up, symbolizes infantilism and denial of the generally accepted socio-ethical norms. At the same time, G. Grass describes dissolution of the surrounding world and blames specific nation in the crimes against humanity, endowing Oskar Matzerath with the traits of trickster and demiurge. The acquired results can be used in textbooks on the history of foreign literature and culturology; as well as in writing term and graduation theses by students majoring in the humanities.

scholarly journals “Restoring the Kinship”: the Novel The Adolescent as a Prologue to the Dialogue Between Nikolay Fedorov and Fyodor Dostoevsky

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-87
Author(s):  
Anastasia G. Gacheva
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Fyodor Dostoevsky ◽  
Main Work ◽  
Common Task ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Common

The article is an attempt to read the novel The Adolescent in the light of the spiritual and creative dialogue between the philosopher of the common task Nikolay Fedorov and Fyodor Dostoevsky. Although The Adolescent was written and published three years before Fedorov’s student N. Peterson presented his teacher’s ideas to the writer in the article “What should a people’s school be?”, the novel can be considered as a prologue to the topic that eventually became the subject of Fedorov’s main work The question of brotherhood or kinship, about the causes of the non-fraternal, unrelated, i.e. non-peaceful, state of the world, and about the means to restore kinship. The plot of the novel is interpreted in the article through the prism of Fedorov’s themes of non-kinship and the restoration of universal kinship, the idea of returning the hearts of sons to their fathers and the fathers’ ones to their children. It is shown how the theme of “family as the practical beginning of love” is expressed in the novel.

Asia in the Global 1919: Reimagining Territory, Identity, and Solidarity

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-416
Author(s):  
Erez Manela
Keyword(s):  
Concerted Action ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
World Region ◽  
International History ◽  
Spatial Frame ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Other World ◽  
The Moment

Perhaps the first thing to note about a forum on the subject of 1919 in Asia is how awkwardly the spatial frame of “Asia” maps onto the international history of that moment. To be sure, the postwar international conjuncture, which I have elsewhere called the “Wilsonian Moment,” had a revolutionary impact across Asia, perhaps more so than in any other world region outside of Europe. As the three preceding essays in this forum note, that year was a waypoint, and sometimes a launching pad, for a rush of novel or renewed revolutionary discourses, connections, and mobilizations in China, India, and Korea, as it was in other parts of Asia and of the world. These were all propelled by the accumulated material and ideological transformations of the years of war, transformation that imbued the moment with revolutionary potential and gave contemporaries a sense that the international order, its power structures and its norms of legitimacy, were uniquely malleable, amenable to concerted action. Indeed, 1919 was a moment in which the very idea of “Asia”—its spaces, the identities they attached to, and the solidarities that ran across and beyond it—was reimagined in ways that at once stitched it together and rent it apart.

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