scholarly journals THE EXPRESSION OF PLATO’S PHILOSOPHICAL POSITION THROUGH THE DIALOGUE FORM: CHANCE OR NECESSITY?

Doxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 141-151
Author(s):  
Vasyl Matskiv
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Philosophical Position ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Full Knowledge

The importance of the dialogue form for understanding Plato’s philosophy was not recognized by researchers for a long time. The situation, however, has changed drastically in our time. In Plato’s studies, a group of researchers has emerged who build their argumentation on the basis of the dialogue form itself. According to this position, Plato’s philosophy cannot be found in his dialogues because of the “opacity” of the dialogue form. The situation can change only when we get a “document” where Plato speaks directly about which character expresses his own views. The author of the article offers to consider some arguments against this position: 1) Aristotle refers to some dialogues as the source of Plato’s philosophy; 2) the dialogues constantly repeat consideration of the same topics; 3) Plato’s direct voice is in his Letters. The dialogues are our only and primary source of Plato’s philosophy. On this basis, the author defends the thesis that Plato’s use of the dialogue form was not an accident, but an internal necessity. This was based on Plato’s own cognitive situation and some pedagogical reflections. He transferred the relation “truth-Plato” to the level “Plato-reader”. This relationship implies the impossibility of full knowledge of the truth and the limitation of its expression as long as one stays in the mortal modus of existence, with the need for constant inquiry. The dialogue form, enhanced by anonymity, irony and other artistic techniques, makes it possible to realize this relationship at the level of “Plato-reader”. Plato is present in the dialogues, but is completely elusive.

New Thoughts on the Use of Chinese Documents in the Reconstruction of Early Swahili History

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 349-358 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Shen
Keyword(s):  
East Africa ◽  
Ming Dynasty ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Original Text ◽  
East African ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chinese Texts

For a long time, scholars have known that the ancient Sino-East Africantrade relationship produced valuable accounts of East Africa in the Chinese imperial archives. Particularly, the historical documents compiled during the T'ang, Sung, and Ming dynasties contain several insightful snapshots of East Africa over the span of 800 years. Unfortunately, due to the difficulty of translating ancient Chinese texts, scholars have not been able to utilize these documents fully. In other cases, scholars have misused the translations to derive conclusions that may not be supported by the original text. In this essay I propose to re-examine the original Chinese sources and the way these sources have been used by subsequent scholars. Furthermore, I shall explore the real or potential contribution of these texts to our understanding of East African coastal history.The primary source of Chinese knowledge about East Africa during the T'ang dynasty (618-907) comes from Ching–hsing Chi (“Record of Travels”) and Yu–yang Tsa–tsu (“Assorted Dishes from Yu–yang”). During the Sung dynasty (960-1279), most of the information is recorded in Chu-fan-chih (“Gazetteer of Foreigners”) and Ling–wai Tai–ta (“Information from Beyond the Mountains”). Finally, the record of the Ming (1368-1644) naval expedition into the western Indian Ocean is preserved in Wu–pei–chih (“Notes on Military Preparedness”), Hsing–ch'a Sheng–lan (“Triumphant Vision of the Starry Raft”), and Ming Shih (“History of the Ming Dynasty”).

scholarly journals Possibilities of interlinking the genomic data and allergenic potential of apples

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
Jana Bilčíková ◽  
Lucia Zamiešková ◽  
Veronika Fialková ◽  
Jana Žiarovská
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Birch Pollen ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Genomic Data ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Allergenic Potential ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Mal D 1 ◽  
Bet V 1 Allergen

Apple allergy belongs to the most prevalent fruit allergies which in North and Central Europe is mainly attributed to cross-reaction between Bet v 1 allergen from birch pollen and Mal d 1 major apple allergen.  For a long time, patients observed symptoms of unequal severity after consumption of different apple cultivars. This led scientific community to search for the basis of the cultivar-specific allergenicity. According to several studies, the amount of Mal d 1 allergen plays an important role. Currently, notable attention is mainly concentrated on genetic variability as the primary source of different allergenic potential. Mal d 1 gene family is a large family of gene isoforms and their variants differing in the primary sequence. These sequence alternations may cause changes in protein structure and potentially affect the binding capacity to IgE and thus the allergenic potential. Among many methods available to analyze genetic variability, restriction fragment length polymorphism is simple technique suitable to analyze variability of Mal d 1 allergen. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of a possible approach of interlinking genomic data (e.g. as by RFLP profiles) and clinically proven apple allergenicity.

scholarly journals The influx of national identity: “imagined communities” on Indonesian audience in Indonesia and Malaysia frontier

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Rizki Briandana ◽  
Azman Azwan Azmawati
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Focus Group ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Imagined Communities ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
High Tendency ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Long Time

This study aimed to analyse the abundance of Malaysian television broadcasts’ impact on building Indonesian society’s national identity on Sebatik Island. The residents of this island have been watching Malaysian television for a long time as the primary source of communication in their daily lives. In this context, the interaction between the community and television is manifested through interpreting images and meanings. Furthermore, it becomes the basis for the building process of the community’s national identity. This was a case study with observation and focus group discussion as the method of data collection. The results showed that Malaysian television conveys the meaning and values of its nationality to the Indonesian people. This manifests a high tendency among the Sebatik residents towards Malaysia, which is considered an ideal reference of life.

The weather: Nothing but turbulence . . . and don’t mind the gap

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaun Lovejoy
Keyword(s):  
Scaling Law ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Scale Free ◽  
Ground Station ◽  
Human Scale ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Map Scale ◽  
The Stability

“This afternoon, the sky will start to clear, with cloud shreds, runners, and thin bars followed by flocks.” If Jean- Baptiste Lamarck (1744–1829) had had his way, this might have been an uplifting early- morning weather forecast announcing the coming of a sunny day. Unfortunately for poetry, in 1803, several months after Lamarck proposed this first cloud classification, the “namer of clouds,” Luke Howard (1772–1864), introduced his own staid Latin nomenclature that is still with us today and includes terms such as “cumulus,” “stratus,” and “cirrus.” Howard not only had a more scientific-sounding jargon, but was soon given publicity in the form of a poem by Goethe; Lamarck’s names didn’t stand a chance. For a long time, human- scale observation of clouds was the primary source of scientific knowledge of atmospheric morphologies and dynamics. This didn’t change until the appearance of the first weather maps based on meager collections of ground station measurements around 1850. This was the beginning of the field of “synoptic” (literally “map- scale”) meteorology. Under the leader­ship of Wilhelm Bjerknes (1862–1951), it spawned the Norwegian school of me­teorology that focused notably on airmasses, the often sharp gradients between them called “fronts,” and the stability of the airmass interfaces. This was the dom­inant view when, in the mid 1920s, Richardson proposed his scaling 4/ 3 diffusion law. The spatial resolution of these “synoptic- scale” maps was so low that features smaller than 1,000 kilometers or so could not be discerned. Between these and the kilometric human “microscales,” virtually nothing was known. Richardson’s claim that a single scaling law might hold from thousands of kilometers down to millimeters didn’t seem so daring. Not only was it compatible with the scale- free equations that he had elaborated, but also there were no scalebound paradigms to contradict it. By the late 1940s and ʼ50s, the development of radar finally opened a window onto the intermediate range.

scholarly journals Long-Term Grass Biomass Estimation of Pastures from Satellite Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2160
Author(s):  
Chiara Clementini ◽  
Andrea Pomente ◽  
Daniele Latini ◽  
Hideki Kanamaru ◽  
Maria Raffaella Vuolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Time Window ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Biomass Estimation ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
African Region ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Grass Biomass

The general consensus on future climate projections poses new and increased concerns about climate change and its impacts. Droughts are primarily worrying, since they contribute to altering the composition, distribution, and abundance of species. Grasslands, for example, are the primary source for grazing mammals and modifications in climate determine variation in the available yields for cattle. To support the agriculture sector, international organizations such as the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations are promoting the development of dedicated monitoring initiatives, with particular attention for undeveloped and disadvantaged countries. The temporal scale is very important in this context, where long time series of data are required to compute consistent analyses. In this research, we discuss the results regarding long-term grass biomass estimation in an extended African region. The results are obtained by means of a procedure that is mostly automatic and replicable in other contexts. Zambia has been identified as a significant test area due to its vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change as a result of its geographic location, socioeconomic stresses, and low adaptive capacity. In fact, analysis and estimations were performed over a long time window (21 years) to identify correlations with climate variables, such as precipitation, to clarify sensitivity to climate change and possible effects already in place. From the analysis, decline in both grass quality and quantity was not currently evident in the study area. However, pastures in the considered area were found to be vulnerable to changing climate and, in particular, to the water shortages accompanying drought periods.

scholarly journals Local Wisdom of Miang Lifestyle and Community for Sustainable Development in Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 7381
Author(s):  
Dujrudee Chinwong ◽  
Panchana Charaj ◽  
Piyatida Panitsupakamol ◽  
Tamonwan Chankaew ◽  
Surarong Chinwong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Tea Leaf

Miang or fermented tea leaf has been a part of the Mae Kampong community, one of northern Thailand’s famous tourist attractions, for a long time. Although the demand and popularity of Miang are decreasing, Miang is still important to the community lifestyle in various ways. Thus, this study aimed to investigate Miang consumption behavior, lifestyle, and wisdom in the Mae Kampong community, which would lead to sustainable development. The study involved a cross-sectional survey and a qualitative study. The research was done in Mae Kampong Village, Mae On District, Chiang Mai, Thailand. A total of 335 participants participated; 60.9% were female with an average age of 61.3 ± 12.2 years old. In all, 93.7% of the participants consumed Miang daily, mostly as a snack (86.5%). Consuming Miang as a staple food and beverage were less common. Furthermore, only 2.5% of the participants considered Miang as medicine. Miang is also the primary source of income and a tourist attraction. Additionally, Miang is an item in religious and local rituals. The Miang culture and the local lifestyle are bonded deeply as a sustainable economy, society, and environment. The wisdom in Miang culture encourages a better quality of life for the Mae Kampong community.

scholarly journals A REVIEW ON INTEGRATED NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT ON WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Swastika Sharma ◽  
Nisha Kandel ◽  
Pooja Chaudhary ◽  
Priyanka Rai
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Nutrient Status ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Integrated Nutrient Management ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Long Time

Wheat is one of the staple foods of the Nepalese diet which is grown in the winter season in most of the areas of our country. This short review article analyses the previous works and studies to investigate the role of various micro and macronutrients in wheat crops. Long-time research which was conducted in several locations has shown that in addition to natural resource deterioration and biotic-abiotic stress, deficiency of multiple nutrients is also an essential factor that influences yield reduction, productivity declination, and shrinkage in net profit. Therefore, Integrated Nutrient Management in terms of using chemical fertilizers in conjugation with organic manures as well as biological inputs is needed to improve the nutrient status of the soil. INM increases the nutrient uptake rate of the plant and influences the nutrient supply in the soil system. As soil is the primary source of nutrients, any degradation in the quality of soil can create a reduction in crop yield. Hence the adoption of suitable measures is highly necessary for sustaining the environment and enhancing productivity.

scholarly journals Instant Corn Rice Product Development

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Khoirul Hidayat ◽  
Mohammad Fuad Fauzul Mu'tamar ◽  
R Arief Firmansyah ◽  
Wahyudi Illahi
Keyword(s):  
Product Development ◽  
Quality Function Deployment ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
House Of Quality ◽  
Font Size ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Yellow Color ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Qfd Method ◽  
Color Attribute

The Madurese consumes corn as the primary source of carbohydrates. However, currently, they are experiencing a shift in consumption from corn to rice. It is caused by the availability of abundant rice. Moreover, another reason is the process of processing corn requires a relatively long time. The purpose of this research is to develop instant Madura corn rice. The method used in this research is the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) method. Based on the House of Quality matrix obtained 16 attributes of consumer needs both in terms of products and packaging. Highest Attributes of the needs of consumers are attributes without preservatives for the product aspect and presenting attributes for the packaging aspect. There are 17 attributes of technical requirements needed to meet the attributes of consumer needs. Highest priority  The technical requirements are the corn type attribute for the product side and the font-size attribute for the packaging aspect. The results of product comparisons with competitors, Madura corn rice products have advantages in the yellow color attribute. Furthermore, It needs to be improved attributes about the texture a little soft.

scholarly journals Rotor subunits adaptations in ATP synthases from photosynthetic organisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 541-550
Author(s):  
Anthony Cheuk ◽  
Thomas Meier
Keyword(s):  
Time Scales ◽  
Atp Synthase ◽  
Atp Hydrolysis ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Thylakoid Membranes ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Domains Of Life ◽  
Hydrolysis Activity ◽  
Atp Synthases

Driven by transmembrane electrochemical ion gradients, F-type ATP synthases are the primary source of the universal energy currency, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), throughout all domains of life. The ATP synthase found in the thylakoid membranes of photosynthetic organisms has some unique features not present in other bacterial or mitochondrial systems. Among these is a larger-than-average transmembrane rotor ring and a redox-regulated switch capable of inhibiting ATP hydrolysis activity in the dark by uniquely adapted rotor subunit modifications. Here, we review recent insights into the structure and mechanism of ATP synthases specifically involved in photosynthesis and explore the cellular physiological consequences of these adaptations at short and long time scales.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Online Advertising in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12S) ◽  
pp. 577-579
Keyword(s):  
Online Advertising ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
The Internet ◽  
It Industry ◽  
Business World ◽  
Online Technologies ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Online Business

With the rapid growth in the IT Industry, many companies have started using the internet as primary source of advertising platform for taking advantage of online technologies. The Internet has became more familiar as online marketers found that Internet provides more convenience and command over the advertising area. The primary objective of this research is to find out how efficiently does the online advertising performs its role in making sale of goods to the customers with attractive offers and discounts to retain such online customers for a long time. Online Advertising became the primary source platform for promoting new products using advanced Internet features. With the birth of Internet, business world became more customized and many people started to buy their products online that could make their work easier and more faster. Online Advertising gives a creative dimension and unique characteristics to the product which is an added advantage. This gives a great progress in online business which reaches the ultimate aim of the marketer. Online Advertising viewers has no restrictions as it can be viewed 24/7 across the globe. By dealing with online market, marketers can reduce the transaction cost as it can contribute for the earnings of the company and also it is very secured while competing against International Marketing. In this Research, we would discuss about the origin and history of Online Advertising, Characteristics and Forms of Online Advertising, What are the challenges that marketers are facing while doing Online Advertising, Recent Trends in Online Advertising and Search Engine Optimization Statistics.

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