scholarly journals GENESIS AND FEATURES OF THE FUNCTIONING OF ILLEGAL LIBRARIES IN UKRAINE: HISTORICAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL FACTORS OF ACTIVITY

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-21
Author(s):  
V. Yu. Sokolov
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
Library Development ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Almost All

 Victor Sokolov’s article «Genesis and features of the functioning of illegal libraries in Ukraine: historical and socio-political factors» examined the peculiarities of formation, characteristics and peculiarities of illegal libraries, as well as socio-political factors, social conditions and main directions of these collections, mainly in Ukraine. The purpose of the proposed article is to identify and study the characteristics of illegal libraries, study their types, analysis and generalization of information about the peculiarities of the creation and operation of these collections in Ukraine, as well as characteristics of the main forms and directions of their activities. In his work, the author widely used general scientific and historical research methods: comparisons, analogies, deductions, descriptive, analytical, typological methods, as well as historical-comparative, historical-genetic and other methods of scientific research. The author proved that the most developed were the illegal libraries of political organizations and circles, which collected literature from various fields of knowledge, but most of them were publications in the social sciences (history, philosophy, sociology, etc.). Many illegal libraries, including marxist organizations and circles, were interconnected in centralized systems. In terms of the number of books, the funds of some illegal libraries of political organizations can be compared with the funds of public, church-parish, county and township libraries. However, most of them had up to 300 books. However, their activities had a certain impact on the socio-political life of society, on the formation of consciousness, cultural and educational level, mostly, the lower strata of the population. It was found that in the context of police persecution, «employees» of illegal libraries quickly adapted to new circumstances and needs of readers and often changed the forms, methods, principles of work in order to steadily pursue the main line of these collections – to disseminate certain ideas and principles of public life. Illegal libraries often operated under the guise of self-education, literary and artistic, public, women’s, family and leisure, educational and other societies and clubs. In general, they were characterized by the presence of almost all organizational and structural subsystems that had official public libraries: they had a fund of various types of documents, a catalog, a contingent of readers, facilities, library staff and documentation. In illegal libraries, for the first time, active forms and methods of book promotion were born, which were used and researched during communication with users of book collections, whose reading needs were also periodically studied. It was found that illegal libraries, including political organizations and circles, performed both educational and ideological tasks, and organizational (they became organizational centers of political struggle, in particular the premises of illegal libraries were a place of appearances, a point of agitation and propaganda, storage of revolutionary literature, etc.). A study of the history of illegal libraries, in particular, political organizations, educational and cultural-educational societies, proves that certain democratic, progressive elements of library development were formed in their activities, some of which were inherited and developed by domestic library science and practice.

Library Science of the Volgograd Region in the 1970’s

2013 ◽  
pp. 103-109
Author(s):  
Elena V. Likhomanova
Keyword(s):  
Library Science ◽  
Technical Base ◽  
Volgograd Region ◽  
History Of ◽  
Library Development

On the history of library development of the Volgograd region in the 1970’s. The analysis of the main indicators of regional libraries, of the material, staff and technical base is given. The acquisition problem and the main forms and methods of library work are considered.

scholarly journals Jakub hr. Potocki i jego dar dla Biblioteki Publicznej m.st. Warszawy z 1934 roku

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 ◽  
pp. 179-199
Author(s):  
Tomasz Pawlikowski
Keyword(s):  
Historical Context ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Science ◽  
The Gift ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Polish Culture ◽  
Almost All ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
The 19Th Century

The aim of this article is to present the little recognized, but meritorious person figure of J. Potocki and his family in historical context, as well as to characterize the gift given to the Warsaw Public Library. The biographical findings presented below, critical references to some information contained in modest studies, as well as the indication of certain facts related to the condition of the collection of books and its transfer to the Public Library, were based on reviewed archival materials, partially preserved old catalogues, 19th and 20th century press releases, literature on history and library science. The method used was mainly a comparative analysis of materials encountered in the course of queries, with a preference for sources. Jakub Count Potocki (1863–1934) came from a well-known aristocratic family. He contributed to the Republic of Poland mainly through philanthropic activities. Shortly before his death, he was awarded the Great Ribbon of the Order of Polonia Restituta. Undoubtedly, his most important work was the bequest of almost all assets worth over 37 million PLN for the Jakub Count Potocki Foundation (September 1934), which was to finance research on cancer and tuberculosis by statute. In the same document, he donated paintings, tapestries, sculptures and furniture to the National Museum in Warsaw, and the book collection of about 11,900 volumes gathered in Helenów near Pruszków, to the Warsaw Public Library. As a whole, this collection, through provenance records and established information about its gradual accumulation by Stanisław and Jakub Potocki, as well as by the earlier owners of the book collections that joined it, proves the involvement of some representatives of the Polish intellectual elite of the 19th century in maintaining the memory of the former Polish Republic and thus maintaining the national spirit. The deliberate thematic selection is indicated by the nature of the literature collected by Sapieha, Potocki, Ignacy Count Łoś, Bentkowski, Jerzy Samuel Bandtkie or Jan Wincenty Stężyński Bandtkie, Kazimierz Stronczyński, Pruszyński. The analysis of the contents of this book collection leads to a closer acquaintance with the history of these figures, sometimes forgotten and meritorious for the Polish culture of the partition period.

scholarly journals Un Análisis Político Comparativo de los Factores de la Estabilidad Política durante la Transición Democrática de Rusia y España a finales del Siglo XX y principios del Siglo XXI / A Comparative Political Analysis of the Factors of Political Stability during the Democratic Transition of Russia and Spain in the late 20th and early 21st Century

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Early 21St Century ◽  
Political Analysis ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Siglo Xx

ABSTRACTThe political history of Russia and Spain offers an opportunity to compare the measures taken during the transition from an authoritarian to a democratic, maintaining political stability in the state.The state is central to the political system. The stability of the state becomes a key issue for the leaders of the State, for the subjects of political power. Political stability in a democracy requires the preservation of the type of organization of power, which corresponds to the fundamental socioeconomic sentiments and interests of social groups.A political factors of stability belongs the possibility of equal participation in political life for all social strata, in accordance with law and democratic traditions, and the presence of political institutions. The State must be socially and serve the citizen and society. It has been shown that the state should participate in the regulation of the economy and currency. Political stability in the international level is achieved by the multipolar balance and diversity of sovereign states and equitable.RESUMENLa historia política de Rusia y España ofrece una oportunidad para comparar las medidas adoptadas durante la transición de un régimen autoritario a uno democrático, manteniendo la estabilidad política en el Estado. El Estado es un elemento central del sistema político. La estabilidad del Estado se convierte en una cuestión clave para los dirigentes del Estado, para los sujetos del poder político. La estabilidad política en una democracia requiere la preservación del tipo de organización del poder, que corresponde a los sentimientos e intereses fundamentales socioeconómicos de los grupos sociales. A los factores políticos de la estabilidad pertenece la posibilidad de una participación equitativa en la vida política para todos los estratos sociales, en conformidad con el derecho democrático y las tradiciónes, así como la presencia de las instituciones políticas. El Estado debe ser social y servir al ciudadano y a la sociedad. Se ha demostrado que el Estado debe participar en la regulación de la economía y la circulación monetaria. La estabilidad política en el nivel internacional se logra por el equilibrio multipolar y por la diversidad de los Estados soberanos y equitativos.

«The Ministry of National Education Journal» as a source on the history of Russian librarianship and library science

Bibliosphere ◽  
2017 ◽  
pp. 17-24
Author(s):  
E. A. Pleshkevich
Keyword(s):  
Public Libraries ◽  
Editorial Policy ◽  
Public Library ◽  
Library Science ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Ministry Of Education ◽  
National Education ◽  
History Of ◽  
Education Journal ◽  
First Time

The article is devoted to the analysis of the «Ministry of Education Journal» as a historical source on the history of libraries and librarianship. The magazine was published in 1834–1917. During the journal activities it published about 45 thousand articles, over 300 of which were devoted to librarianship. This is an average 3.42 publications per year. They are normative acts in the field of librarianship, articles devoted foreign librarianship, history of domestic libraries. A large number of notes were reprinted from local editions and dedicated to the provincial public libraries and libraries of educational institutions.For the first time in the national librarianship the author analyzes the editorial policy of the journal related to library construction. The first stage was based on the concept of official nationality of the Minister of Education S. Uvarov, which was focused on publishing articles on the library system organization and familiarizing readers with the world librarianship development. The editorial policy second stage, began in 1860, was based on N. Ushinsky views about education nationality and upbringing through the book. The special attention was paid to activities of the Imperial Public Library, Rumyantsev Public Museum and Vilen Public Library. For the first time the journal publishes articles devoted to the problem of academic libraries acquisition, cataloging, etc. 

scholarly journals Bishop Jozef Gaganec (1793–1875) – a leading figure of the religious, national and cultural life of Greek Catholics and Rusins in the mid-19th century in present-day Slovakia

Rusin ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
J. Coranič ◽  
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
The Social ◽  
Organizational Stability ◽  
Austrian Emperor ◽  
History Of ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Revolution Of 1848

The second bishop of Prešov, Jozef Gaganec is one of the greatest figures in the history of the Greek Catholic Eparchy of Prešov. During his tenure (1843–1875), Bishop Gaganec successfully continued the work of his predecessor, Bishop Tarkovič. He took upon himself a task of firmly establishing the eparchy and securing its future development and prosperity in the mid-19th century. He ensured its organizational stability, financial provision, and pastoral unity. Bishop Gaganec governed his eparchy in very uncertain and complicated times (revolution of 1848–1849, poor harvests, famines, emigration, etc.) that significantly affected his episcopacy. He made every effort to alleviate the social impacts that this period brought upon both the clergy and regular folks. Bishop Gaganec got involved in ecclesiastical and religious reforms, for instance, he introduced a strict liturgical order in the eparchy. He also channelled his effort into improving the religious life of the clergy and congregation. He strongly promoted cultural and publishing activities, which he considered vital for a spiritual life of his flock. Bishop Gaganec participated in almost all cultural activities of Greek Catholics and largely contributed to the establishment of many cultural institutions in the Prešov and Mukachevo eparchies. He also played an important role in the national and political life of Greek Catholic Rusins during and after the revolutionary years of 1848–1849. In appreciation of his many religious, cultural, and national activities, Bishop Gaganec was acknowledged by the Austrian emperor and the Roman Pontiff. He justly deserves the title “the Father of the Prešov Eparchy”.

scholarly journals Historiography of studying the liberal parties and their departments on the territory of Belarus at the beginning of the XX century

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-180
Author(s):  
P. A. Trubchyk
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Sociocultural Environment ◽  
Research Problems ◽  
History Of ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Almost All

An objective and comprehensive analysis of the course, results, significance and prospects of studying the history of liberal parties and their departments in Belarus at the beginning of the 20th century was carried out. When determining periods in the development of historiography of the study of political parties, pre-revolutionary, Soviet, and modern (or newest) historiography is distinguished. It is concluded that Russian and Belarusian historiography thoroughly, from different conceptual and methodological positions, studied the liberal movement of the early 20th century, noting almost all possible points of view on its role and place in the country’s social and political life. Further prospects for a scientific search on this issue lie on different planes: the identification and study of those factors of the socio-political development of Belarus that made impossible a historical compromise between the authorities and liberals; a more detailed study of political biographies and belief systems of representatives of the liberal movement, not only leaders, which has already been partially done, but also “simple” participants, as well as factors that influenced their worldview; a detailed study of the sociocultural environment in Belarus, in which liberal values were formed. The methodological apparatus of historical research requires updating: the use of macro- and micro-approaches of the new social history, psychohistory, semiotics; research problems must be solved by means borrowed from different fields of knowledge.

Autonomy, integration and marginalization in the construction of medieval states: A comparison of Gwynedd and Languedoc under outside rule

1990 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Given
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
City States ◽  
The Village

One of the major developments in the history of western Europe between 1100 and 1300 was the construction of large-scale political organizations. Before 1100 political life had often been intensely local, its horizons limited to the village, parish, or county. But in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries the old local communities of post-Carolingian Europe were aggregated into the kingdoms and city-states that formed such a prominent feature of European life in the high Middle Ages. This essay is concerned with one aspect of this process of political construction: the factors that determined the possible pathways that a local community could follow as it was incorporated into a larger political organization.

From the Tower of London to the Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires: “Give me thy grace, good Lord, to set the world at nought”

Moreana ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 42 (Number 164) (4) ◽  
pp. 187-206
Author(s):  
Clare M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Short History ◽  
Thomas More ◽  
Tower Of London ◽  
Hebrew Poetry ◽  
Prayer Book ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Of Hours ◽  
Almost All

The Thomas More Society of Buenos Aires begins or ends almost all its events by reciting in both English and Spanish a prayer written by More in the margins of his Book of Hours probably while he was a prisoner in the Tower of London. After a short history of what is called Thomas More’s Prayer Book, the author studies the prayer as a poem written in the form of a psalm according to the structure of Hebrew poetry, and looks at the poem’s content as a psalm of lament.

BRIDGE BUILDING AS A PROBLEM OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THE EUROPEAN NORTH OF RUSSIA IN THE EARLY XX CENTURY

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-135
Author(s):  
Tatiana S. Minaeva ◽  
Sergey S. Gulyaev
Keyword(s):  
Urban Infrastructure ◽  
Local Administration ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
European North ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Floating Bridge ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
Bridge Building ◽  
Xix Century

Introduction. The organization of transport links and the bridge building in cities located on the banks of wide rivers has always been one of the most important tasks of the local administration. The study of the history of bridge building allows not only to trace the process of modernization of different regions of the country, but also to help in solving similar problems of our time. Nevertheless, the history of Russian bridge building is poorly studied. The purpose of the article is to determine the characteristics and features of the organization of bridge building in big cities of the European North of Russia as a way to solve one of the problems of urban infrastructure in the early XX century. Materials and Methods. The sources for this study are the documents of the State archive of the Arkhangelsk region, published documents on the history of Vologda, articles in the local periodicals of the early XX century. The analysis of the studied problem used a systematic approach, the method of economic analysis, historical and historical-comparative methods. Results and Discussion. The building of permanent bridges was a need for the development of Arkhangelsk and Vologda. In Vologda the two wooden bridges were built in the middle of XIX century on city funds and in the future these bridges were repaired or rebuilt. The Arkhangelsk city authorities did not hurry to solve a problem of city infrastructure by own efforts and a long time they used the floating bridge. The lack of experience in the building of large bridges and the desire to save money led to the rapid destruction of the first permanent bridge in Arkhangelsk. Conclusion. The Development of trade and industry in cities of the European North of Russia, such as Arkhangelsk and Vologda, led to the expansion of their territory and the emergence over time, the so-called third parts of the cities. Despite the comparable size of the population of the districts located across the river, the process of connecting them with bridges to the rest of the city went at different rates, which depended on the attitude of the local administration to the problem of urban infrastructure.

The Ideology of Socialism and the Armenian Political Parties

wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Gegham HOVHANNISYAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Given

The article covers the manifestations and peculiarities of the ideology of socialism in the social-political life of Armenia at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. General characteristics, aims and directions of activity of the political organizations functioning in the Armenian reality within the given time-period, whose program documents feature the ideology of socialism to one degree or another, are given (Hunchakian Party, Dashnaktsutyun, Armenian Social-democrats, Specifics, Socialists-revolutionaries). The specific peculiarities of the national-political life of Armenia in the given time-period and their impact on the ideology of political forces are introduced.

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