The Ideology of Socialism and the Armenian Political Parties

wisdom ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Gegham HOVHANNISYAN
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Given

The article covers the manifestations and peculiarities of the ideology of socialism in the social-political life of Armenia at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. General characteristics, aims and directions of activity of the political organizations functioning in the Armenian reality within the given time-period, whose program documents feature the ideology of socialism to one degree or another, are given (Hunchakian Party, Dashnaktsutyun, Armenian Social-democrats, Specifics, Socialists-revolutionaries). The specific peculiarities of the national-political life of Armenia in the given time-period and their impact on the ideology of political forces are introduced.

scholarly journals From the sociological point of view, Democratic Party and Adnan Menderes in Turkish political lifeSosyolojik açıdan Türk siyasal hayatında Demokrat Parti ve Adnan Menderes

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Durmuş Ali Arslan ◽  
Ahmet Çağrıcı ◽  
Mustafa Albayrak
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Structure ◽  
Democratic Party ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Political Elite ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Elites ◽  
The Social

Political parties and political elites are the basic elements of the democratic system. These two political and social phenomena play a decisive role in shaping the political and social structure of the country as well as in the shaping of individual political attitudes and behaviour. The most common forms of social political organization in contemporary societies are political parties. In this respect, political parties can be shortly defined as political organizations organized around the ideal of playing a decisive role in political and social life and whose ultimate goals are to reach power. In democratic societies, political parties are the most important means of political socialization and participation in the political process.In the western societies, the elite word that has been used in daily life since the 17th century. Its sociological meaning is rather different than daily life meaning. In essence, the elite can be defined as individuals who have institutional power, are in a position to control social resources, have the ability to directly or indirectly influence the decision-making process, and can fulfill their wishes and objectives in spite of their opponents. There are many elite groups in society. Political elites also form one of the most active elite groups in the social structure. Deputies and political leaders are also the most basic components of this elite group.The Democratic Party is one of the most important political parties of Turkish political life. This party holds the privilege of being the most important representative of the right of center-right politics in Turkey; Adnan Menderes also has a privileged political identity in Turkey as being the most important leader of the center-right politics tradition. Even the Democratic Party is regarded as a representative of the transition to multi-party political life in Turkey. The Democratic Party, legendary leader Adnan Menderes and the Democratic Party MPs, identified with the name party, have not only remained the pioneers of multi-party democratic life in the country; With the transition to multi-party life, they have played a decisive role in Turkey's change process and in the social and political life of the country.The Democratic Party as a political institution and Adnan Menderes, a political elite-leader have to be well known in order to understand and explain the political-social change and transformation that Turkey has experienced since about three quarters of a century. It was aimed to sociologically examine Adnan Menderes as an important political leader and political elite, and the Democratic Party, one of the most important political institutions of Turkish political life, from a historical perspective. The research is mainly designed as a descriptive sociological study type. ÖzetSiyasi partiler ve siyasi elitler, demokratik sistemin en temel unsurlarındandır. Bu iki siyasal ve toplumsal olgu, bireylerin siyasi tutum ve davranışlarının şekillenmesinde de olduğu kadar ülkenin siyasi ve toplumsal yapısının şekillenmesinde de belirleyici rol oynar. Günümüz toplumlarında en yaygın toplumsal siyasal örgütlenme biçimi siyasi partilerdir. Bu yönüyle siyasi partiler kısaca, siyasal ve toplumsal hayatta belirleyici rol oynamak ideali etrafında örgütlenmiş ve nihai hedefleri iktidara ulaşmak olan siyasi örgütler olarak tanımlanabilir. Demokratik toplumlarda siyasi partiler, en önemli siyasi sosyalizasyon ve siyasal sürece katılım araçlarıdır.Batı toplumlarında, 17. yüzyıldan bu yana günlük dilde kullanılmaya başlanan elit sözcüğü ise sosyolojik olarak günlük dilde kullanıldığında daha farklı anlam ifade eder. Çok öz olarak elit, kurumsal iktidara sahip, toplumsal kaynakları kontrol edebilecek konumda bulunan, karar verme sürecini doğrudan veya dolayı olarak ciddi bir şekilde etkileme yeteneğine sahip, karşıtlarına rağmen istek ve amaçlarını gerçekleştirebilen birey(ler) olarak tanımlanabilir. Toplumda çok sayıda elit grubu vardır. Siyasi elitler de toplumsal yapı içindeki, en etkin elit gruplarından birini oluştururlar. Milletvekilleri ve siyasi liderler de bu elit grubunun en temel bileşenlerini oluştururlar.Demokrat Parti (DP), Türk siyasal hayatının en önemli siyasi partilerinden biri konumundadır. Bu parti Türkiye’de merkez sağ siyaset geleneğinin, Cumhuriyet döneminde ilk ve önemli temsilcisi olma ayrıcalığını elinden tutarken; lideri Türkiye’de merkez sağ siyaset geleneğini temsil eden önemli bir siyasal elittir. Dahası Demokrat Parti, Türkiye’de çok partili siyasi yaşama geçişin temsilcisi olarak da kabul edilir. Demokrat Parti, ismi partisi ile özdeşleşmiş efsanevi lideri Adnan Menderes ve Demokrat Parti milletvekilleri, yalnızca ülkede çok partili demokratik hayatın öncü isimleri olmakla kalmamışlar; çok partili yaşama geçişle birlikte Türkiye’nin değişim sürecine yön vermiş ve ülkenin toplumsal-siyasal hayatında belirleyici rol oynamışlardır.Bir siyasal kurum olarak Demokrat Parti’yi ve bir siyasi elit-lider olarak Adnan Menderes’i iyi anlamadan, Türkiye’nin yaklaşık üççeyrek asırdan beridir yaşadığı siyasal - toplumsal değişim ve dönüşümü anlamlandırmak ve açıklamak mümkün değildir. Bu realiteden yola çıkarak çalışmada, önemli bir siyasi lider ve bir siyasi elit olarak Adnan Menderes ile Türk siyasal yaşamının önemli siyasi kurumlarından biri olan Demokrat Parti’nin, tarihsel bir perspektiften, sosyolojik olarak incelenmesi hedeflenmiştir. Araştırma ağırlıklı olarak betimleyici - deskriptif bir sosyolojik çalışma türünde tasarlanmıştır.

Impact of Political Instability on the Reality of Iraqi Political Parties: A Study According to the Results of the 2018 Elections

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-162
Author(s):  
Hamsa Kahtan Khalaf
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Instability ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
Active Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Forces

Abstract The Iraqi political parties had been affected since 2003 by the political pivotal transformations which happened according to the aftermaths of democratic elections , especially under the disruptions of American’s invasion that led in cooperation with its allies in April 2003 .So the social and political situations became ruling according to the new aspects of practicing the new stage of authority as compromise settlements and quota and ethno - sectarian distribution to be as following as compatible with theory of practicing the authority responsibilities(Power sharing ) as what happened now , besides to that all political democracy scene has greatly been distorted because of the instability penetrated within rebuilding the state and its institutions from the beginning as planned by an active powerful political forces . Many functions that are characterized by competitions among the political parties had changed the concepts of exercising democracy in a real way to be done an effective shape ,because of the political and social actors had different role ,which were being a reflection of another reality within the democracy’s process .So that all the situations had been complicated too much owing to the factors of political instability that influenced negatively on the framework of the state , especially the impacts of economic and social factors as of poverty, stagnation , ignorance and disease and another underdevelopment features which predominated over political and social retrogression levels . In addition to that the absence of an efficient administrative elites , which appeared recently under different conditions and circumstances .So it was became very obviously as we know precisely that democracy’s process in Iraq since 2003 was comprehensively undemocratic in practicing because the political forces have not democratic culture that encourage the dialogue to solve all pending problems , and have not abundant tolerance to accept the differences of others parties yet . The phenomenon of the political instability has divided into different varieties by which scattering among the addresses of suspicion and it definitely has a sectarian discourse dimension in case of dealing among each other . So these addresses and dialogues were being away from the political national conformity correctly , because of there was something like definitely as the exclusion and marginalization discourses in order to narrowing any active political party within the political process try to do pro - active role to settle all pending crises . Furthermore , the reality of political life has been under the continuous crises and conflicts over an authority along time not to gain gradually the outcomes of procurement during application the constitution clauses and valid laws , in order to preserving the political stability and to be done more far from the national unity fragmentation and the weakness of political institutions . Finally , we need too much time to reach into condition of stability , especially after opening anew spaces toward active real participation , and because there was a growing need for educated people who could administer the society and the state institutionally by existing strong government, and ultimately peoples will have ability to form new political governing elites later.

The dilemmas of Czech political life and their pragmatic solutions. 1998–2002

2021 ◽  
pp. 179-196
Author(s):  
Ella G. Zadorozhnyuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
Political History ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Democratic Party ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Radical Shift ◽  
Political Decision Making

In 1998, the Czech Republic underwent a radical shift from the confrontational/conflicted political style of the first half of the 1990s to a pragmatic/consensual style. The leaders of the two largest political parties - the center-left Czech Social Democratic Party and the center-right Civic Democratic Party - signed the Opposition Treaty. From that point, it is possible to describe a new political mechanism that reformed the framework of cooperation between the Social Democrats and the Civil Democrats. These techniques of negotiation appeared again, and in a modified version, after another turning point in Czech political history, when the Action movement of disaffected citizens focusing on pragmatic solutions, made a compromise agreement with the CPCzM in 2011. This style of political decision-making can also be given a more expansive interpretation: it can be seen as a specific feature of the political history of a state located in the heart of Europe, economically prosperous and politically extremely turbulent.

The Party System

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas Aylott
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Party System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
System P ◽  
The Social ◽  
Patterns Of Interaction

A party system refers to the political parties that operate in a given polity and to their patterns of interaction. The Swedish system was long associated with several features: it had five parties; they were aligned in two informal blocs; and one party, the Social Democrats, has provided much the biggest, dominating governments. These patterns, summarized as “moderate pluralism,” were also stable. Since the 1980s, much has changed. There are now more parties in Parliament. By 2010 the bloc structure looked remarkably institutionalized. But a more “polarized pluralism,” seen briefly in the 1970s and 1990s, might now be in prospect.

scholarly journals SOCIAL POLICY IN THE DISCOURSE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN THE SNAP ELECTION TO THE VERKHOVNA RADA IN 2014

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Yuliia MATIIV
Keyword(s):  
Social Policy ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Policy Formation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Electoral Support ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Forces

The article describes the political parties' approach to implementing the state's social policy during the snap election to the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine in 2014. A discursive dimension of political parties' activities in the area of social policy was studied. Specific examples have shown political parties as a subject of social policy formation. It was found out that the events of the Revolution of Dignity and the beginning of Russia's military aggression against Ukraine forced Ukrainian politicians to reconsider existing approaches to the formation of party programs. The author analyzed the reflection of social policy in the election programs of the parties that had formed parliamentary groups: «Blok Petra Poroshenka «Solidarnist», «Narodnyi front», Radykalnoi partii Oleha Liashka, «Opozytsiinyi blok», «Obiednannia «Samopomich», «Vseukrainskoho obiednannia «Batkivshchyna». Domestic political events were reflected in the party's discourse on social policy, shifting the priorities in the election programs of political forces in the direction of security policy, improving defense capabilities, and fighting corruption. The main tendencies related to the change of political parties' approaches to forming state social policy are revealed. Dominating the liberal approach to social policy issues in parliamentary parties' programs was aimed at reducing the state's role. At the same time, the speeches of political forces on social policy were mostly full of populist slogans and, in most cases, did not contain any specifics, including ways to solve social problems in society. Trying to get as much electoral support as possible, politicians did not bother to develop real program steps in the social sphere. Instead, the social sphere problems, which had a systemic character, were not solved based on a clear "road map" of actions. The discourse of the political parties participating in the election race, which eventually formed the parliament, did not present a comprehensive program for forming and implementing social policy in the new political environment. Keywords: political parties, social policy, social state, Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, political discourse.

GOALS AND OBJECTIVES OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN MODERN RUSSIA: A POLITICAL SCIENCE ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
N. Zimina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Program Leaders ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The basis of the political analysis of political parties is the observance of the relevant norms regulating the activities of the party, the formation of their goals and objectives. Political parties have their own organizational and legal basis, have their own charter, program, leaders, their own goals and objectives and perform certain functions. One of the goals of any political party is to participate in the political life of society, in solving its issues. One of the tasks of the party is to participate in public administration by representing the interests of the population during the elections of various levels. The legislative field regulating political parties is constantly being updated; laws are being amended in accordance with the realities of society’s life. The adopted amendments to the federal legislation on elections and on political parties have radically changed a number of conditions regulating the procedure for the creation and functioning of political parties, setting their goals and defining tasks. Today, approaches to the formation and activity of political organizations, including parties, have been largely changed, for example, the procedure for creating a political party has been changed, now only 500 members are needed when creating it; approaches to voting have been changed. These changes correspond to the state of the modern political process and are aimed at the development of political institutions, including political parties. The definition of the goals and objectives of the party is within the competence of its statutory documents and is reflected in the party’s program. In general, the setting of the goals and objectives of the party determines its main areas of activity and its essence

scholarly journals Eternal Allies and Non-Permanent Interests: Pendulum of New Populism in Republic of Moldova

2021 ◽  
Vol 104 (4) ◽  
pp. 140-150
Author(s):  
Natalia Velikaya ◽  
◽  
Roman Tatarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Political ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Integration Model ◽  
Republic Of Moldova ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Political Spectrum ◽  
External Forces

The article outlines the main populist political parties of the Republic of Moldova, the main reasons for their appearance and socio-political factors that determined the content of the populist discourse in the post-Soviet period. Firstly, the phenomenon of new populism in Moldova arises from the high involvement of external players in its internal political life, who often associate themselves with the Moldovan political forces, acting as their constant allies. Secondly, the political forces of Moldova are characterized by impermanence of interests, which under the influence of external forces are able to transform, sometimes taking cardinal forms. Considering populist rhetoric and technologies as the main resource of political actors in conditions of uncertainty, the authors assess parties on both the right and left sides of the political spectrum. It is highlighted that the dominant themes of populist discourse in modern Moldova are the following: the opposition of the European integration model to the alternative movement for closer cooperation with Russia, the traditional left-wing opposition to liberal constructs in the economic sphere, and the problem of corruption. It is concluded that populist rhetoric may expand in the coming years and that a number of populist parties will consolidate on both the left and right flanks of the political spectrum. Populist rhetoric is presented in one way or another in almost all political parties, but the real populist forces will not enter the political establishment and will remain non-majoritarian.

scholarly journals Menuju Penyederhanaan Partai Politik di Indonesia serta Dampaknya Terhadap Persatuan Bangsa

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 570-597
Author(s):  
Diastama Anggita Ramadhan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
General Election ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe diversity of Indonesian people will affect the social condition, including political life and decision. About the general election, Indonesian people who consist of various tribes, culture, and religion, highly depend on the political party to transfer their aspirations. Indonesian political party has a vital role in Indonesian political culture.  Hence, there are so many political parties in Indonesia because of the number of its citizens. The multi-party mechanism becomes much more important, considering Indonesia's social and geographical conditions. In the context of simplifies the number of the political party in Indonesia, this process will damage the diversity of the people. This article is using normative research method. Later on the discussion, this article will discuss the simplifying process of the political party in Indonesia. Furthermore, it will also examine the impact of the political party simplification on the Unity of the nation. Keywords: General Election; Simplification; Political Party; Unity  AbstrakKeberagaman masyarakat Indonesia merupakan salah satu kelebihan bangsa. Keberagaman masyarakat tersebut kemudian akan mempengaruhi kondisi sosial masyarakat termasuk juga dalam hal politik. Terkait dengan pelaksanaan pemilihan umum, masyarakat yang terdiri dari berbagai suku budaya dan agama ini membawa konsekuensi banyaknya aspirasi masyarakat yang antara satu dengan yang lain membawa kepentingan yang berbeda. Partai politik sebagai salah satu kanal aspirasi masyarakat mempunyai peran yang sangat vital. Mekanisme multipartai di Indonesia menjadi suatu keharusan dengan melihan kondisi sosial dan geografis Indonesia. Dalam konteks penyederhanaan partai politik, proses penyederhanaan kemudian akan merusak tatanan keberagaman tersebut. Penulisan hukum ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif. Pada bagian pembahasan penulis akan melakukan kajian terhadap proses penyederhaan partai politik yang pernah terjadi serta mengkaji bagaimana penyederhanaan jumlah partai politik ini dapat menyebabkan terjadinya disintegrasi bangsa. Kata Kunci: Pemilu, Penyederhanaan, Partai Politik, Persatuan

Militancia partidista en súper 8: la política de medios del Partido Mexicano de los Trabajadores

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Álvaro Vázquez Mantecón
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Political Reform ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Resistance ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Political Organizations ◽  
Cultural Activism ◽  
Film Productions

This article analyses Super 8 movies filmed by the Partido Mexicano de los Trabajadores (PTM; Mexican Worker’s Party) during 1970s and part of the 1980s. The PTM was one of the few left winged political parties that did not benefit from Mexico’s 1977 political reform (also known as LOPPE, acronym for Ley de Organizaciones Políticas y Procesos Electorales, Law of Political Organizations and Electoral Processes) that normalized the political life of several left wing parties. My hypothesis in this article is that the political reform also demobilized and dislocated existing forms of resistance against the system. Due to the PMT’s exclusion from this political reform, the analysis of its film productions can help us understand different forms of cultural activism (not only filmmaking) practised in this period by left wing militants as a form of cultural and political resistance.

Women in Power and Decision making Positions : Conditions and Restraints

1970 ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Azza Charara Baydoun
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Participation ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Policies And Procedures ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Slow Progress

Women today are considered to be outside the political and administrative power structures and their participation in the decision-making process is non-existent. As far as their participation in the political life is concerned they are still on the margins. The existence of patriarchal society in Lebanon as well as the absence of governmental policies and procedures that aim at helping women and enhancing their political participation has made it very difficult for women to be accepted as leaders and to be granted votes in elections (UNIFEM, 2002).This above quote is taken from a report that was prepared to assess the progress made regarding the status of Lebanese women both on the social and governmental levels in light of the Beijing Platform for Action – the name given to the provisions of the Fourth Conference on Women held in Beijing in 1995. The above quote describes the slow progress achieved by Lebanese women in view of the ambitious goal that requires that the proportion of women occupying administrative or political positions in Lebanon should reach 30 percent of thetotal by the year 2005!

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