scholarly journals Comparison of Rapid Fungal Staining Technique 1% Chicago Blue 6B stain for the Diagnosis of Superficial Fungal Infections (Pityriasis Versicolor/ Tinea Versicolor) with 10% KOH Mount and Routine Fungal Culture on Sabouraud's Dextrose Agar with Olive Oil Overlay

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (11) ◽  
pp. 13600-13603 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Kamath ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

scholarly journals The challenge of Diagnosing Common Dermatomycosis by Reflectance Confocal Microscopy

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Jianyun Lu ◽  
Jinrong Zeng ◽  
Hanyi Zhang ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
Lihua Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Reflectance Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Tinea Manus ◽  
Microscopy Techniques

Background: Traditional detection of fungal infections of the skin relies on microscopy techniques or fungal culture. Currently, reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) has been widely applied to assist the diagnosis of commondermatomycosis with advantages of non-invasiveness, celerity, real time, and repeatability. Materials and Methods: A total of 478 clinically suspected dermatomycosis patients were enrolled in this study including 148 cases of tinea manus and pedis, 188 cases of tinea corporis and cruris and 142 cases of pityriasis versicolor. RCM examination was performed to image the lesions. Aim: This study aimed to summarize the image characteristics of in vivo RCM examination on common dermatomycosis and retrospectively evaluate its accuracy as compared with microscopy results. Furthermore, we attempted to tackle the challenges of RCM diagnosis on common dermatomycosis. Results: Based on RCM images, 231 of 478 (48.3%) patients were detected with hyphae. Among all RCM confirmed cases, 58 out of 148 (39.2%) were tinea manus and pedis, 145 out of 188 (77.1%) were tinea corporis and cruris, and 28 out of 142 (19.7%) were pityriasis versicolor. The remaining patients (51.7%) could not be diagnosed by the dermatologist according to RCM. Hyphae structures were primarily identified during diagnoses of dermatomycosis by RCM. Conclusions: RCM is a novel optical imaging technique that confers high-resolution images of fungi. RCM has certain advantages in the diagnosis of tinea manus and pedis. RCM is not suitable for the diagnosis of pityriasis versicolor.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Opportunistic Fungal Infections in HIV/AIDS Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital in India

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Megh S. Dhakad ◽  
Ritu Goyal ◽  
Preena Bhalla ◽  
Richa Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
North India ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Aids Patients ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Hiv Aids

HIV related opportunistic fungal infections (OFIs) continue to cause morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients. The objective for this prospective study is to elucidate the prevalence and spectrum of common OFIs in HIV/AIDS patients in north India. Relevant clinical samples were collected from symptomatic HIV positive patients (n=280) of all age groups and both sexes and subjected to direct microscopy and fungal culture. Identification as well as speciation of the fungal isolates was done as per the standard recommended methods. CD4+T cell counts were determined by flow cytometry using Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorter Count system. 215 fungal isolates were isolated with the isolation rate of 41.1%.Candidaspecies (86.5%) were the commonest followed byAspergillus(6.5%),Cryptococcus(3.3%),Penicillium(1.9%), andAlternariaandRhodotorulaspp. (0.9% each). AmongCandidaspecies,Candida albicans(75.8%) was the most prevalent species followed byC. tropicalis(9.7%),C. krusei(6.4%),C. glabrata(4.3%),C. parapsilosis(2.7%), andC. kefyr(1.1%). Study demonstrates that the oropharyngeal candidiasis is the commonest among different OFIs and would help to increase the awareness of clinicians in diagnosis and early treatment of these infections helping in the proper management of the patients especially in resource limited countries like ours.

Skin Infections

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan V. Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Plantar Surface ◽  
Fournier Gangrene ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

The skin can become infected by viruses, fungi, and bacteria, including some that ordinarily are harmless colonizing organisms. The most common fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, which can involve the hair, nails, and skin. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations of specimens from affected areas typically demonstrate hyphae, and either topical or systemic antifungal therapy usually cures or controls the process. The most common bacterial pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci, which, alone or together, can cause a wide variety of disorders, including impetigo, ecthyma, and cellulitis. Topical antibiotics may suffice for impetigo, but ecthyma and cellulitis require systemic treatment. S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, can also cause furuncles, carbuncles, and cutaneous abscesses. For these infections, incision and drainage without antibiotics are usually curative. Warts are the most common cutaneous viral infection, and eradication can be difficult, especially where the skin is thick, such as the palms and soles, or the patient is immunocompromised. Most therapies consist of trying to destroy the viruses by mechanical, chemical, or immune mechanisms. This review covers dermatophyte infections, yeast infections, bacterial infections, and viral infections of the skin. Figures show the classic annular lesion of tinea corporis, a typical kerion presenting as a zoophilic Microsporum canis infection of the scalp (tinea capitis), tinea corporis, tinea barbae, tinea pedis between and under the toes and on the plantar surface, inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea unguium, tinea manuum, angular cheilitis, prominent satellite lesions of discrete vesicles associated with candidiasis, facial candidiasis, Candida paronychia, tinea versicolor, nonbullous impetigo, bullous impetigo, ecthyma, leg cellulitis, erythema and edema on the cheeks, eyelids, and nose, furuncle, carbuncle, nasal folliculitis, pitted keratolysis, trichomycosis axillaris, necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier gangrene, folliculitis, plantar wart, condyloma acuminatum, and benign lesions of bowenoid papulosis. Tables list dermatophyte species, terminology of dermatophyte infections, topical agents for dermatophyte infections, treatment options for impetigo (adult doses), and treatment options for erythrasma.   This review contains 28 highly rendered figures, 5 tables, and 33 references

Obtaining Hairs for Fungus Culture

1982 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 263-263
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Tinea Capitis ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Fungus Culture ◽  
Scalpel Blade

An observant reader wrote that in two separate articles ("Hair Loss in Children" 3:85, 1981 and "Fungal Infections in Children" 3:41, 1981), the first author recommends that "hairs be scraped with a dull blade to obtain a specimen for culture," while the second author states that "hairs obtained by examination must be epilated, not cut." Dr. Esterly responded with the following clarification: When obtaining hair from patients with tinea capitis for fungal culture, it is important to secure the infected follicular portion of the shaft. In patients with very little hair remaining in the infected patch, it may be impossible to grasp the hair with the forceps or tweezers. Under those circumstances, the root ends can be teased out of the follicular orifices with the tip of a scalpel blade. At times, the hairs are long enough to be epilated with a hemostat or tweezers. In these instances the hairs should be firmly grasped and the follicular portions removed for placement on agar for culture. Cut hairs are not adequate for culture because one misses the infected portion of the hair which is still embedded in the scalp.

Fungal, Bacterial, and Viral Infections of the Skin

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan V. Hirschmann
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Tinea Pedis ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Tinea Corporis ◽  
Microsporum Canis ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

The skin can become infected by viruses, fungi, and bacteria, including some that ordinarily are harmless colonizing organisms. The most common fungal infections are caused by dermatophytes, which can involve the hair, nails, and skin. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) preparations of specimens from affected areas typically demonstrate hyphae, and either topical or systemic antifungal therapy usually cures or controls the process. The most common bacterial pathogens are Staphylococcus aureus and group A streptococci, which, alone or together, can cause a wide variety of disorders, including impetigo, ecthyma, and cellulitis. Topical antibiotics may suffice for impetigo, but ecthyma and cellulitis require systemic treatment. S. aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, can also cause furuncles, carbuncles, and cutaneous abscesses. For these infections, incision and drainage without antibiotics are usually curative. Warts are the most common cutaneous viral infection, and eradication can be difficult, especially where the skin is thick, such as the palms and soles, or the patient is immunocompromised. Most therapies consist of trying to destroy the viruses by mechanical, chemical, or immune mechanisms. This review covers dermatophyte infections, yeast infections, bacterial infections, and viral infections of the skin. Figures show the classic annular lesion of tinea corporis, a typical kerion presenting as a zoophilic Microsporum canis infection of the scalp (tinea capitis), tinea corporis, tinea barbae, tinea pedis between and under the toes and on the plantar surface, inflammatory tinea pedis, tinea unguium, tinea manuum, angular cheilitis, prominent satellite lesions of discrete vesicles associated with candidiasis, facial candidiasis, Candida paronychia, tinea versicolor, nonbullous impetigo, bullous impetigo, ecthyma, leg cellulitis, erythema and edema on the cheeks, eyelids, and nose, furuncle, carbuncle, nasal folliculitis, pitted keratolysis, trichomycosis axillaris, necrotizing fasciitis, Fournier gangrene, folliculitis, plantar wart, condyloma acuminatum, and benign lesions of bowenoid papulosis. Tables list dermatophyte species, terminology of dermatophyte infections, topical agents for dermatophyte infections, treatment options for impetigo (adult doses), and treatment options for erythrasma.   This review contains 29 figures, 5 tables, and 33 references. Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant strains, furuncles, carbuncles, cutaneous abscesses, dermatophytes, zoophilic Microsporum canis, andidiasis, facial candidiasis, Candida paronychia, tinea versicolor, nonbullous impetigo, bullous impetigo, ecthyma, leg cellulitis, erythema

CHROMOPHYTOSIS OVER THE GROIN – AN UNUSUAL PRESENTATION

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
S Suzsmi Latha ◽  
Sane Roja Renuka ◽  
Vignesh N R ◽  
K Manoharan
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Pityriasis Versicolor ◽  
Unusual Presentation ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Malassezia Species ◽  
Tinea Versicolor

Pityriasis versicolor is also known as tinea versicolor. It is a common supercial fungal infection of the skin. Clinical features of pityriasis versicolor include either hyperpigmented or hypopigmented ne [1] scaled macules or patches. The most affected sites are the trunk, neck and proximal extremities. It rarely occurs over the groin. It is caused by yeasts of the Malassezia species, commensal of the keratinized layers of the skin which under certain conditions become pathogenic determining the clinical manifestations of the disease. We hereby report a case of Pityriasis versicolor occurring over the groin, a rare presentation.

scholarly journals Mucormycosis of the hard palate masquerading as carcinoma

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhari Sharanesha Manjunatha ◽  
Nagarajappa Das ◽  
Rakesh V. Sutariya ◽  
Tanveer Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Positive Culture ◽  
Staining Technique ◽  
Necrotic Bone ◽  
Chronic Ulcers ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽  
Clinical Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hematoxylin And Eosin Stain

A growing number of medically compromised patients are encountered by dentists in their practices. Opportunistic fungal infections such as mucormycosis usually occur in immunocompromised patients but can infect healthy individuals as well. Mucormycosis is an acute opportunistic, uncommon, frequently fatal fungal infection, caused by a saprophytic fungus that belongs to the class of phycomycetes. Among the clinical differential diagnosis we can consider squamous cell carcinoma. Such cases present as chronic ulcers with raised margins causing exposure of underlying bone. There is a close histopathological resemblance between mucormycosis and aspergillosis. Microscopically, aspergillosis has septate branching hyphae, which can be distinguished from mucormycotic hyphae by a smaller width and prominent acute angulations of branching hyphae. A definitive diagnosis of mucormycosis can be made by tissue biopsy that identifies the characteristic hyphae, by positive culture or both. The culture of diseased tissue may be negative and histopathologic examination is essential for early diagnosis. Mucormycosis was long regarded as a fatal infection with poor prognosis. However with early medical and surgical management survival rates are now thought to exceed 80%. In the present case, the fungus was identified by hematoxylin and eosin stain and confirmed by Grocott’s silver methenamine special staining technique. Removal of the necrotic bone, which acted as a nidus of infection, was done. Post-operatively patient was advised an obturator to prevent oronasal regurgitation. Since mucormycosis occurs infrequently, it may pose a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for those who are not familiar with its clinical presentation.

Systemic Acremonium species infection in a dog

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
pp. 424-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathrin Geisweid ◽  
Katrin Hartmann ◽  
Johannes Hirschberger ◽  
Monir Majzoub ◽  
Bianka Schulz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Systemic Infection ◽  
Abdominal Ultrasound ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
Neurological Signs

SummaryA 2-year-old female Magyar Viszla was referred with fever, lethargy, polyuria/polydipsia, and suspected systemic cryptococcosis. At presentation increased rectal temperature and enlarged lymph nodes were detected. Main laboratory abnormalities included lymphocytosis, eosinophilia, and mildly reduced urine specific gravity. Abdominal ultrasound was unremarkable. Lymph node cytology revealed mycotic infection. Acremonium species was isolated from urine as well as from a popliteal lymph node by fungal culture. Therapy with itraconazol (10 mg/kg p. o. q 12 h) was initiated based on susceptibility testing, but dosage had to be reduced by half due to adverse effects. Despite treatment, the dog developed progressive azotemia. Four months after initial presentation, the patient showed anorexia, lethargy, weight loss, diarrhea, vomitus, neurological signs, and severe azotemia and was euthanized. Acremonium species are emerging opportunistic mould fungi that can represent a potential threat for immunocompromised humans. In dogs, only two cases of systemic infection with this fungal species have been reported so far. This case highlights the fact that systemic fungal infections should be considered as a differential in cases of fever and lymphadenopathy.

scholarly journals Generating evidences on rational management of dermatophytic infections

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 821
Author(s):  
Safi Abbas Rizvi ◽  
Som Lakhani
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Steroid Abuse ◽  
Rational Management ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Chronic Skin ◽  
Skin Conditions ◽  
Prevention And Cure

<p class="abstract">Superficial fungal infections are globally responsible for 25% of the skin mycoses cases. Dermatophytosis is a type of superficial fungal infection of skin, a significant cause of morbidity in the world. This pilot study includes most recent literatures with highest ratings and published work which has been submitted in last fifteen years. The literature review is completely oriented in reviewing evidence which includes the type of dermatophytic infection, diagnostic tools, therapeutic and non-therapeutic management of dermatophytic infection having highest level of evidences. Clinical diagnosis of dermatophytic infection and laboratory-based tests are vital in management of dermatophytic infections, considering conventional methods and incorporation of advanced techniques like preparation of skin specimens for microscopic examination by 10% to 20% mount microscopy, polymerase chain reaction, fungal culture, and spectroscopy. Over-use of corticosteroid is strictly discouraged as they carry multiple cutaneous adverse effects. A vast gap is evident in the management of dermatophytic infection with available reviews. Steroid abuse, in dermatophytic infection has led to many adverse effects and chronic skin conditions. Prevention and cure needs support of awareness about the disease and its severity.</p>

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