scholarly journals Construction processes of roof structures: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 0520-0527
Author(s):  
Thaisa Lana Pilz ◽  
Mayara Scheuer ◽  
Marcell Mariano Corrêa Maceno ◽  
Thalyta Genaro ◽  
Nicolle Christine Sotsek
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Construction Techniques ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Quality Tool ◽  
Selection Of

Despite the fact that the construction industry in Brazil is traditionally recognized for the use of craft construction techniques, in the last few years, there has been a growth in the search for new materials, processes, and technologies for this segment.  This is mainly due to the great environmental impact that this sector causes. Based on this context, this article aimed to map the constructive processes of existing roofs in the literature, to raise its advantages, disadvantages and previous cases. To achieve this aim, the systematic review method based on three phases –  research questions, selection of documents and classification of selected documents, and the 5W2H quality tool were used. Thus, this research could contribute to the literature on this topic, as well as encourage the idealization of new ideas of roof construction processes.

scholarly journals Promotion of Resilience in Migrants: A Systematic Review of Study and Psychosocial Intervention

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Ciaramella ◽  
Nadia Monacelli ◽  
Livia Concetta Eugenia Cocimano
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Psychosocial Intervention ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Psychosocial Interventions ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Methodological Choices ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Selection Of

AbstractThis systematic review aimed to contribute to a better and more focused understanding of the link between the concept of resilience and psychosocial interventions in the migrant population. The research questions concerned the type of population involved, definition of resilience, methodological choices and which intervention programmes were targeted at migrants. In the 90 articles included, an heterogeneity in defining resilience or not well specified definition resulted. Different migratory experiences were not adequately considered in the selection of participants. Few resilience interventions on migrants were resulted. A lack of procedure’s descriptions that keep in account specific migrants’ life-experiences and efficacy’s measures were highlighted.

scholarly journals Clinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 42 (10) ◽  
pp. 659-668
Author(s):  
Nádya Santos Moura ◽  
Maria Luziene Sousa Gomes ◽  
Ivana Rios Rodrigues ◽  
Daniel Lorber Rolnik ◽  
Fabrício Silva Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Guideline Development ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Qualitative Synthesis ◽  
Manual Search ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Mcmaster University

Abstract Objective To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia. Data Sources A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach. Selection of Studies In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis. Data Collection The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations. Data Synthesis In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia. Conclusion According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.

Toxicity Classification of Thermal Degradation Products of Chemical Materials Used in Construction

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 367-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Czerczak ◽  
Jan Stetkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Thermal Degradation ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Degradation Products ◽  
Thermal Degradation Products ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Chemical Materials

A classification of acute toxicity of smoke from combustion of chemical materials used in the construction industry is presented. In the classification, the amount of polymer required to produce sufficient smoke resulting in 50% mortality (LC50) is taken into account. The classification will be useful for the selection of materials to be used in construction.

scholarly journals Increasing of effectivity of construction project on account of integration of information technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 09034
Author(s):  
Petr Govorukha
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Systems Engineering ◽  
Information Technologies ◽  
Construction Project ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Predictive Tool ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Selection Of

A conceptual methodology for increasing the efficiency of organizational and technological aspects of construction production by developing a predictive tool for participants in a construction project is described here. The initial direction of activity for working off the possibility of implementing the indicated methodology has been determined. During the analysis of a domestic experience of construction companies, the conditions for unlimited and constant integration of information technology (IT) were identified. The importance of constant tracking of innovations in the field of information technology for the selection of the most promising areas and methods of their integration, allowing the participants in a construction project to increase their efficiency at the lowest cost, was found. The description of the principles of systems engineering for the development of monitoring models in the field of IT is brought. The primary classification of information technologies from the point of view of the application in the construction industry is carried out. Based on consultations held with the leaders of construction companies there were defined the groups and subgroups of parameters, that may influence the effectiveness of realization of the construction project.

Antecedents of Knowledge Withholding: A Systematic Review & Integrative Framework

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-251
Author(s):  
Nando P. Strik ◽  
Melvyn R. W Hamstra ◽  
Mien S. R. Segers
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Social Exchanges ◽  
Integrative Framework ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
New Research ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Selection Of

The purpose of this research is to provide a systematic review and integrative framework of the antecedents of knowledge withholding. A systematic literature review led to a selection of 42 empirical research papers that collected data from 16,649 respondents. The included papers identified 93 antecedents that showed a high degree of theoretical variety. We used the theories of interdependence, social exchange, and social identity to construct a framework that integrates and explains why people withhold their knowledge. We developed propositions of the antecedents of knowledge withholding, which we compare against the SLR. We propose and find that (a) negative interdependence increases knowledge withholding behaviors, but (b) positive versus negative social exchanges may respectively decrease or increase withholding in situations where the default may be positive interdependence. We also propose and find that actors who strongly identify with their immediate team will less likely withhold knowledge from them. In contrast, actors who strongly identify with a different identity will more likely withhold knowledge from their team. The integrative framework provides a strong theoretical foundation for future study and identifies many valuable new research questions

Use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage skin (review of literature)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (7) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
S. I. Surkichin ◽  
N. V. Gryazeva ◽  
L. S. Kholupova ◽  
N. V. Bochkova
Keyword(s):  
Photodynamic Therapy ◽  
Comparative Evaluation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Photosensitizing Agents ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides an overview of the use of photodynamic therapy for photodamage of the skin. The causes, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of skin photodamage are considered. The definition, principle of action of photodynamic therapy, including the sources of light used, the classification of photosensitizers and their main characteristics are given. Analyzed studies that show the effectiveness and comparative evaluation in the selection of various light sources and photosensitizing agents for photodynamic therapy in patients with clinical manifestations of photodamage.

The Challenge of Evaluating Virtual Communities of Practice: A Systematic Mapping Study

10.28945/4505 ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 039-064
Author(s):  
Rogerio Ferreira da Silva ◽  
Itana Maria de Souza Gimenes ◽  
José Carlos Maldonado
Keyword(s):  
Communities Of Practice ◽  
Virtual Communities ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Evaluation Methods ◽  
Systematic Mapping Study ◽  
Research Gaps ◽  
Systematic Mapping ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Virtual Communities Of Practice ◽  
Selection Of

Aim/Purpose: This paper presents a study of Virtual Communities of Practice (VCoP) evaluation methods that aims to identify their current status and impact on knowledge sharing. The purposes of the study are as follows: (i) to identify trends and research gaps in VCoP evaluation methods; and, (ii) to assist researchers to position new research activities in this domain. Background: VCoP have become a popular knowledge sharing mechanism for both individuals and organizations. Their evaluation process is complex; however, it is recognized as an essential means to provide evidences of community effectiveness. Moreover, VCoP have introduced additional features to face to face Communities of Practice (CoP) that need to be taken into account in evaluation processes, such as geographical dispersion. The fact that VCoP rely on Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to execute their practices as well as storing artifacts virtually makes more consistent data analysis possible; thus, the evaluation process can apply automatic data gathering and analysis. Methodology: A systematic mapping study, based on five research questions, was carried out in order to analyze existing studies about VCoP evaluation methods and frameworks. The mapping included searching five research databases resulting in the selection of 1,417 papers over which a formal analysis process was applied. This process led to the preliminary selection of 39 primary studies for complete reading. After reading them, we select 28 relevant primary studies from which data was extracted and synthesized to answer the proposed research questions. Contribution: The authors of the primary studies analyzed along this systematic mapping propose a set of methods and strategies for evaluating VCoP, such as frameworks, processes and maturity models. Our main contribution is the identification of some research gaps present in the body of studies, in order to stimulate projects that can improve VCoP evaluation methods and support its important role in social learning. Findings: The systematic mapping led to the conclusion that most of the approaches for VCoP evaluation do not consider the combination of data structured and unstructured metrics. In addition, there is a lack of guidelines to support community operators’ actions based on evaluation metrics.

Philosophcal review of h. white̕s tropological theory in the context of the new philosophy of history

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (152) ◽  
pp. 92-99
Author(s):  
S. M. Geiko ◽  
◽  
O. D. Lauta
Keyword(s):  
Modern Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Text Organization ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Actual Material ◽  
The Common ◽  
Historical Nature ◽  
Selection Of

The article provides a philosophical analysis of the tropological theory of the history of H. White. The researcher claims that history is a specific kind of literature, and the historical works is the connection of a certain set of research and narrative operations. The first type of operation answers the question of why the event happened this way and not the other. The second operation is the social description, the narrative of events, the intellectual act of organizing the actual material. According to H. White, this is where the set of ideas and preferences of the researcher begin to work, mainly of a literary and historical nature. Explanations are the main mechanism that becomes the common thread of the narrative. The are implemented through using plot (romantic, satire, comic and tragic) and trope systems – the main stylistic forms of text organization (metaphor, metonymy, synecdoche, irony). The latter decisively influenced for result of the work historians. Historiographical style follows the tropological model, the selection of which is determined by the historian’s individual language practice. When the choice is made, the imagination is ready to create a narrative. Therefore, the historical understanding, according to H. White, can only be tropological. H. White proposes a new methodology for historical research. During the discourse, adequate speech is created to analyze historical phenomena, which the philosopher defines as prefigurative tropological movement. This is how history is revealed through the art of anthropology. Thus, H. White’s tropical history theory offers modern science f meaningful and metatheoretically significant. The structure of concepts on which the classification of historiographical styles can be based and the predictive function of philosophy regarding historical knowledge can be refined.

Using clusterization principles for the selection of repair sections of main oil pipelines based on diagnostic data

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-210
Author(s):  
R.M. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Defect Density ◽  
Density Variation ◽  
Distance Functions ◽  
Oil Pipeline ◽  
Oil Pipelines ◽  
Classification Of Images ◽  
Main Oil Pipeline ◽  
Selection Of

The problem of determining the repair sections of the main oil pipeline is solved, basing on the classification of images using distance functions and the clustering principle, The criteria characterizing the cluster are determined by certain given values, based on a comparison with which the defect is assigned to a given cluster, procedures for the redistribution of defects in cluster zones are provided, and the cluster zones parameters are being changed. Calculations are demonstrating the range of defect density variation depending on pipeline sections and the universal capabilities of linear objects configuration with arbitrary density, provided by cluster analysis.

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