Children of the Great American Recession

2020 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Child Maltreatment ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Global Competitiveness ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The U.S

Chapter seven examines the effects of the Great Recession on U.S. children. It opens with a discussion of various methods for measuring national well-being. Each measure, from Gross Domestic Product and the Global Competitiveness Index to the Human Development Index, the GINI Index of inequality, reflects different priorities. In measuring changes in child well-being, poverty is a key factor. The author reviews leading methods for measuring child poverty, including absolute versus relative benchmarks, market child poverty versus poverty after government benefits, the poverty gap between children and other groups, and boundaries between poverty and extreme poverty. In measuring changes in child well-being, in addition to poverty, researchers study food insecurity, housing instability, health-care gaps, and child maltreatment. In each category, the author uses a comparative lens to explore the long term effects of recession and the national response in the U.S. and Europe. At the macro level, national “politics”—defined as the authoritative allocation of values and distribution of rewards in wealth, power, and status—shaped the government response. The author documents the U.S. government’s failure to address rising levels of child poverty, malnutrition, homelessness, infant and maternal mortality, and child maltreatment associated with the recession.

scholarly journals Social Work and Facing Child Poverty in Iraq: A Comparative Study between Governmental Social Work Institutions and Non-Governmental Institutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-128
Author(s):  
Maysam Yaseen Obaid
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social ◽  
Effective Role ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Social work is a profession to help individuals, families, and communities to promote the well-being of the human and society, and this goal is achieved through social and economic justice while enhancing the quality of life of human and community. The study illustrates the importance of promoting integration with governmental and civil social work institutions to achieve the reduction of multidimensional child poverty. The descriptive and comparative approach as well as the social survey was used in this study. Collected data from 50 governmental and non-governmental institutions, where the study reached several conclusions, the most important of which is that social work institutions have an important and effective role in confronting the poverty of children in Iraq despite the existence of economic and social obstacles to their work. It also showed the contribution of non-governmental institutions to alleviating the burden on the government by providing assistance that enables poor families to cope with the poor standard of living and to enable them to get out of poverty.

scholarly journals Child Poverty and Food Scheme in Rural South African Schools: The Prospects and Limits Towards Improving the Emotional Well-Being of The Elementary School Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 1852-1859
Author(s):  
Felix Ifeanyichukwu Okoye ◽  
Prince Amartey Mensah
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
South African ◽  
Elementary School Students ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
School Students ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The research examines the impact of poverty on the emotional well-being of elementary school students in South African rural communities. In order to understand this phenomenon, the study investigates the question on: how does poverty affect the emotional well-being of elementary school students in South Africa? The non-empirical study explores the literature from related studies to answer the research question. The literature review critically examines the effect of poverty on the emotional well-being of children, as well as the strategies used by the government to alleviate the poverty impact at rural school children. The strategies were found to have implementation deficiencies which enables the researcher to argue on the importance of improving the implementation strategies. The   finding also reveals that despite the government’s interventions to curb the problem of child poverty, yet there are policy implementation “gaps” here and there. The study recommends more study and consistent evaluation of the respective policy framework. It also recommends that the socio-economic status of people leaving in the rural area should be improved and the affected students should be engaged, and proper development response should be executed to guarantee a sustainable food security. Finally, more study and consistent evaluation of the feeding-scheme programme or policy is a sinequanon. The recommendation for Covid-19 is added for publication purposes.

The Ecology of Childhood

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
Ecological Model ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Value Systems ◽  
Labor Conditions ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Rights Of The Child ◽  
Mass Migration ◽  
Physical Environments ◽  
Collective Survival

This book uses the ecological model of child development together with ethnographic and comparative studies of two small villages, in Italy and the US, as its framework for examining the well-being of children in the aftermath of the Great Recession. Global forces, far from being distant and abstract, are revealed as wreaking havoc in children’s environments even in economically advanced countries of the OECD. Falling birth rates, deteriorating labor conditions, fraying safety nets, rising rates of child poverty and a surge in racism and populism are explored in the dish of the village as well as data-based studies. Globalism’s discontents—unrestrained capitalism and technological change, rising inequality, mass migration, and the juggernaut of climate change--are rapidly destabilizing and degrading the social and physical environments necessary to our collective survival and well-being. This crisis demands a radical restructuring of our macrosystemic value systems. Rejecting metrics such as GDP, Efficiency and Bigness, this book proposes instead an ecogenerist theory that asks whether our policies and politics foster environments in which children and families can flourish. It proposes, as a benchmark, the family supportive human rights principles of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child. The author uses stories from actual children’s lives, in both small and urban settings, to explore the ecology of childhood and illustrate children’s rights principles in action. The book closes by highlighting ways individuals can work at the local and regional levels to create more just and sustainable worlds that are truly fit for children.

Implementing the Peace: The Aggregate Implementation of Comprehensive Peace Agreements and Peace Duration after Intrastate Armed Conflict

2015 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 869-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhav Joshi ◽  
Jason Michael Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Civil Conflict ◽  
Peace Building ◽  
Conflict Behavior ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Building Process ◽  
Political Relations ◽  
The Government

The signing of a comprehensive peace agreement (CPA) is often seen as a historic milestone in a peace process, and its implementation takes a highly legitimized set of reforms and puts it front and center in national politics. This article examines the aggregate implementation of CPAs signed since 1989 and future conflict behavior between the negotiating parties and between the government and non-signatory groups. It argues that implementation is both a peace-building process and an outcome that normalizes political relations between hostile groups, solves commitment problems and addresses the root causes of civil conflict. Statistical tests utilizing new data on the implementation of CPAs support the argument. The extent to which an agreement is implemented is shown to have significant long-term effects on how long peace lasts – an effect that applies not only to the signatories of the agreement, but also to the government and non-signatory groups.

scholarly journals The Effects of War and Migration Trauma on Southeast Asian Families in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. p227
Author(s):  
Khanh T. Dinh ◽  
Phi Loan Le
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Southeast Asian ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The U.S

This review article focuses on Southeast Asian (SEA) families, which include Vietnamese, Laotian, Hmong, and Cambodian ethnic groups, comprising about three million people in the United States. Although many differences exist among SEAs, they share experiences of war and migration-related trauma and losses that continue to have long-term effects on their families and individual well-being within and across generations. Research and practice work with SEA families and individuals requires in depth knowledge of their experiences before, during, and after migration to the U.S. This article on SEA families, although not exhaustive in its coverage, highlights the following topics: SEA populations in the U.S., migration history, resettlement and adaptation in the U.S., mental health issues of SEAs, traditional SEA family, migration and family formation, migration and family relationships, migration and family in later life, and implications for research and practice with SEA families and individuals.

The Great Recession Crosses the Atlantic

2020 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Barbara Bennett Woodhouse
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Fiscal Policies ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Northern League ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Chapter eight follows the economic crisis as it spreads to Europe. While the U.S. was only moderately affected, between 2008 and 2012 the worst hit European countries suffered spikes in child poverty greater than in any political or economic crisis since World War II. Children experienced declines in nutrition, life satisfaction, while levels of stress and the percentage of youth not in education employment or training (NEETs) rose dramatically. The chapter explains how the financial crisis flowed through the transmission channels of banking, labor markets and the public sector, flooding downstream to create household impact, in rising joblessness and unravelling safety nets, producing direct impact on children and youth. Unlike the U.S., Eurozone countries could not deploy monetary and fiscal policies that might have mitigated the impact on children. Instead, the EU imposed drastic austerity measures, forcing cuts in welfare and pensions and increases in taxes. A backlash followed in both the U.S. and Europe, fuelling nationalist movements like Trump’s America First, U.K.’s Brexit, and Italy’s anti-immigrant Northern League. The continuing legacy of recession is captured in current statistics on five “childhood enders”—infant mortality, malnutrition, school leaving, violence and children having children.

scholarly journals CUMULATIVE ADVANTAGE IN CHANGING ECONOMIC TIMES: STRESS, DISTRESS, AND FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR AGING COHORTS

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S418-S418
Author(s):  
Dale Dannefer ◽  
Stephen Crystal ◽  
Angela O’Rand
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Cumulative Advantage ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Processes of cumulative dis/advantage operate within cohorts and across historical time. In the ongoing dance of age, cohort and period, each cohort encounters distinctive social and economic environments at particular ages that may ameliorate or exacerbate the cumulative and systemic processes of inequality production that operate over its collective life course. We explore issues of current and future late-life inequality and its consequences. As overall income inequality has grown, what are the likely consequences for late-life outcomes? How have cohorts currently in midlife been affected by the Great Recession of 2008 and subsequent recovery? What are the mental and physical consequences of these developments, and to what extent can they be ameliorated by interventions in middle and later adulthood? This symposium addresses how variation in economic circumstances and social and psychological stresses may affect outcomes over the life course, and how these complex, interacting processes can be best conceptualized and examined. One paper examines the impact of the Great Recession and subsequent events on the intracohort distribution of income, suggesting inordinate setbacks during the Recession with likely long-term effects for economically vulnerable subpopulations. Another explores the role of psychosocial stressors in the process of cumulative dis/advantage, focusing on linkages between functional limitations and psychological well-being in later life, and how these linkages are amplified by diverse dimensions of disadvantage (e.g., education, employment; coping strategies; caregiving). A third paper examines the intergenerational dimensions of cumulative advantage processes. Finally, contrasting theoretical frameworks for apprehending life-course processes and historical change will be explored.

Growing up in Poverty: Children and the Great Recession in Spain

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Ayllón
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Business Cycle ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Well Being

This chapter provides a diagnosis of the economic ill-fare of Spanish children since 2008 with the objective of assessing the impact that the Great Recession has had on them. The results show children’s great economic vulnerability to changes in the business cycle. The Great Recession has had important consequences on the economic well-being of many children—not only because of the sky-high unemployment rates of the adults that look after them, but also because of the lack of a generous and comprehensive social protection system that can be relied upon when the economy slows down. Notwithstanding this, it is important to remember that child poverty was a major social problem in Spain before this economic downturn.

The Recession and the Policy Response for Child Poverty in Japan

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aya K. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Poverty Rate ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Child Deprivation ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this chapter is to describe how the economic crisis affected children and how the government of Japan responded to mitigate the impact on children. The economic crisis worsened child poverty not by increasing worklessness, but rather by decreasing income of those who had poor-quality jobs. However, the crisis brought about an abrupt change in the government. Even though it was short-lived, the new government put in place some measures to mitigate the impact of the crisis and it seems to have had some success in doing so. There was an improvement in child poverty rate as well as in child deprivation. In a way, Japan presents a unique case study in that the economic crisis did trigger some positive changes in the protection of child well-being.

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