Be Good, Do Good

2020 ◽  
pp. 120-147
Author(s):  
Manata Hashemi

This chapter discusses the rise of public moral discourses surrounding the proper Islamic citizen. It describes how the Iranian cultural sphere has been defined and redefined to produce an image of the model young Muslim. It shows how these discourses have been co-opted by face-savers and their communities to give rise to prescriptions about what constitutes morally pure behavior. Since communities perceive such behavior as a manifestation of one’s inner virtuosity, families discipline face-savers to be hyper-vigilant in their conduct. Face-savers, too, are hyper-cautious in embodying certain moral practices and in working to hide any deviations from the norm. Primarily manifested through their sexual cleanliness, (non)use of substances, and fraternization with the “right” people, these public practices enable face-savers to differentiate themselves from morally impure others, gaining jobs and access to influential others in the process.

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-17
Author(s):  
Паршиков ◽  
Nikolay Parshikov

The article describes systematic approach as a methodological basis of analysis of the socio-cultural sphere of the region. The author argues its comprehensive application, discloses the principles of scientific research on the socio-cultural problems with the system approach, such as structuring, objective research methods, the empirical validity of the theses. The efficiency and usefulness of the system-oriented approach for the analysis of socio-cultural issues in the region are substantiated on the example of the Orel region, as well as its role in the development of priority directions of the region´s cultural policy. Some important questions are marked such as the patriotic education of the younger generation, involving young people to the historical past of the native land, the problems of insufficient using of the potential of the regional culture are touched upon, the problems of realization of the right to participate in cultural life and to have free access to cultural values are presented.


Author(s):  
Martijn Jeroen van der Linden

This chapter revisits the main theoretical arguments for freedom of education put forward in the Dutch School Struggle (1806–1920). The first phase of the struggle (1806–57) focused on the right to establish private schools and the second phase (1857–1920) on equal unconditional funding for public and private schools. The conclusion is that freedom of education has yet still not been achieved in the Netherlands due to a failure to prevent encroachment of the cultural sphere by the legal-political and economic-financial sphere. Freedom of education requires ‘sphere sovereignty’; that is, the separation of three tasks: (a) guaranteeing equitable access (rights) to education; (b) ensuring unconditional funding of education; and (c) controlling the quality of education.


2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 13-31
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Rędziński ◽  

In the times of the Partitions, the Austrian authorities permitted, in the year 1856, that a Polish association of craftsmen combining mutual aid with cultural and educational activity be established. Within the scope of the activity of 'Skała', two periods are distinguished: paternalistic, until the year 1889, and also democratised, after making changes in the articles of association in this latter year. In the first period of its activity, only be craftsman apprentices being bachelors enjoyed the right to become the full members, and women were not permitted to join the Association. The members of it had no say in the aspect of electing the governing bodies, or the decisions made by them. The reason for that fact was that the organisation was more like a brotherhood of people sharing the same religious convictions. Making changes in the articles of association in the year 1889 introduced the democratic rules of functioning the Association. Since that time on, anyone who was a male follower of catholic faith, be it a cratfsman or an industrialist, was permitted to join it. All the authorities of the organisation were elected. The objective of the Association was to educate catholic youths, nurturing religious spirit among them and educating them to become good craftsmen. The leading forms of the activity were general and vocational further training. The cultural sphere included the activity of own groups of artists: a choir, an orchestra and a theatre ensemble. A significant role in Polish patriotic upbringing was that played by the celebrations of national anniversaries: the Constitution of the Third of May, the national uprisings and the Polish-Lithuanian Union. The means of attaining this objective was also literary soirées dedicated to poets and writers having merits for Polish nation: Adam Mickiewicz, Kornel Ujejski, Józef Ignacy Kraszewski and Henryk Sienkiewicz.


Author(s):  
J. Anthony VanDuzer

SummaryRecently, there has been a proliferation of international agreements imposing minimum standards on states in respect of their treatment of foreign investors and allowing investors to initiate dispute settlement proceedings where a state violates these standards. Of greatest significance to Canada is Chapter 11 of the North American Free Trade Agreement, which provides both standards for state behaviour and the right to initiate binding arbitration. Since 1996, four cases have been brought under Chapter 11. This note describes the Chapter 11 process and suggests some of the issues that may arise as it is increasingly resorted to by investors.


2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Gainotti

Abstract The target article carefully describes the memory system, centered on the temporal lobe that builds specific memory traces. It does not, however, mention the laterality effects that exist within this system. This commentary briefly surveys evidence showing that clear asymmetries exist within the temporal lobe structures subserving the core system and that the right temporal structures mainly underpin face familiarity feelings.


Itinerario ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-79
Author(s):  
W.J. Boot

In the pre-modern period, Japanese identity was articulated in contrast with China. It was, however, articulated in reference to criteria that were commonly accepted in the whole East-Asian cultural sphere; criteria, therefore, that were Chinese in origin.One of the fields in which Japan's conception of a Japanese identity was enacted was that of foreign relations, i.e. of Japan's relations with China, the various kingdoms in Korea, and from the second half of the sixteenth century onwards, with the Portuguese, Spaniards, Dutchmen, and the Kingdom of the Ryūkū.


Author(s):  
J. Taft∅

It is well known that for reflections corresponding to large interplanar spacings (i.e., sin θ/λ small), the electron scattering amplitude, f, is sensitive to the ionicity and to the charge distribution around the atoms. We have used this in order to obtain information about the charge distribution in FeTi, which is a candidate for storage of hydrogen. Our goal is to study the changes in electron distribution in the presence of hydrogen, and also the ionicity of hydrogen in metals, but so far our study has been limited to pure FeTi. FeTi has the CsCl structure and thus Fe and Ti scatter with a phase difference of π into the 100-ref lections. Because Fe (Z = 26) is higher in the periodic system than Ti (Z = 22), an immediate “guess” would be that Fe has a larger scattering amplitude than Ti. However, relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations show that the opposite is the case for the 100-reflection. An explanation for this may be sought in the stronger localization of the d-electrons of the first row transition elements when moving to the right in the periodic table. The tabulated difference between fTi (100) and ffe (100) is small, however, and based on the values of the scattering amplitude for isolated atoms, the kinematical intensity of the 100-reflection is only 5.10-4 of the intensity of the 200-reflection.


Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Michael Moseley

A redesigned specimen holder and cap have made possible the freeze-etching of both fracture surfaces of a frozen fractured specimen. In principal, the procedure involves freezing a specimen between two specimen holders (as shown in A, Fig. 1, and the left side of Fig. 2). The aluminum specimen holders and brass cap are constructed so that the upper specimen holder can be forced loose, turned over, and pressed down firmly against the specimen stage to a position represented by B, Fig. 1, and the right side of Fig. 2.


Author(s):  
K.S. McCarty ◽  
N.R. Wallace ◽  
W. Litaker ◽  
S. Wells ◽  
G. Eisenbarth

The production of adrenocorticotropic hormone by non-pituitary carcinomas has been documented in several tumors, most frequently small cell carcinoma of the lung, islet cell carcinomas of the pancreas, thymomas and carcinoids. Electron microscopy of these tumors reveals typical membrane-limited "neurosecretory" granules. Confirmation of the granules as adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) requires the use of OsO4 as a primary fixative to give the characteristic cored granule appearance in conjunction with immunohistochemical demonstration of the hormone peptide. Because of the rarity of ectopic ACTH production by mammary carcinomas and the absence of appropriate ultrastructural studies in the two examples of such ectopic hormone production in the literature of which we are aware (1,2), we present biochemical and ultrastructural data from a carcinoma of the breast with apparent ACTH production.The patient had her primary tumor in the right breast in 1969. The tumor recurred as visceral and subcutaneous metastases in 1976 and again in 1977.


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