In Search of an Ethical Frame for the Provision of Health

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Marta González
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Health Resources ◽  
Ethical Reflection ◽  
The Past ◽  
Human Good ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

The distinction between the healthy and the good, a major basis for ethical reflection, has become increasingly blurred in the past few decades. González seeks to reintroduce that distinction, and to explain the tendency to naturalize the good with reference to developments in nineteenth-century philosophy and science. She then argues that while this process of naturalization has been reinforced by the desire to avoid ethical controversies, it fails precisely in that effort. Ethical controversies always return in the end, and it is better to address them in explicitly ethical terms at the outset, before they erupt. Such controversies—such as the definition of proper care and the just distribution of health resources—can be resolved only to the extent that we develop a comprehensive notion of the human good, and its relation to the common (ethical) good.

WOMEN, MARGINALITY AND THE ZULU STATE: WOMEN'S INSTITUTIONS AND POWER IN THE EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY

1998 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
SEAN HANRETTA
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
State Government ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Historical Change ◽  
Political Organization ◽  
Internal Conflict ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Definition Of

For a number of years the historiography of Southern Africa has been dominated by a materialist framework that has focused upon modes of production and forms of socio-political organization as the determining factors in historical change. Those historians concerned with the history of women in pre-colonial societies – even those who have privileged gender relations in their analyses – have largely been content to construct women's history by applying the insights of socio-economic and political analyses of the past to gender dynamics, and by projecting the insights of anthropological analyses of present gender relations into the past. Some of these historians have concluded that until the arrival of capitalism no substantial changes in the situations, power or status of women took place within Zulu society, even during the period of systemic transformation known as the mfecane in the early nineteenth century.More recently, Zulu gender history has become part of a larger debate connected to the changing political and academic milieu in South Africa. Representatives of a revived Africanist tradition have criticized materialist historians for writing Zulu history from an outsider's perspective and of focusing overly on conflict and power imbalances within the nineteenth-century kingdom in an effort to discredit contemporary Zulu nationalism. To counter this, historian Simon Maphalala has stressed the harmony of nineteenth-century Zulu society, the power advisors exercised in state government, and the lack of internal conflict. Maphalala also claims that women's subordinate role in society ‘did not cause any dissatisfaction among them’, and argues that ‘[women] accepted their position and were contented’. In recent constitutional debates many South African intellectuals including members of the Congress of Traditional Leaders of South Africa (CONTRALESA), invoked this ‘benign patriarchy’ model of pre-colonial gender relations to oppose the adoption of gender-equality provisions in the new constitution. As Cherryl Walker has noted, the hegemonic definition of traditional gender relations to which such figures have made rhetorical appeals often masks not only the historicity of these relations but also hides dissenting opinions (often demarcated along gender lines) as to what those relations are and have been.

The Chartists and the Constitution: Revisiting British Popular Constitutionalism

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Josh Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Natural Law ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Common Law ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fundamental Law ◽  
English Law ◽  
Scholarly Attention ◽  
Popular Constitutionalism

AbstractDespite having a powerful influence on the historiography of radicalism and nineteenth-century politics for the past several decades, the language of the constitution has not recently received scholarly attention. In Chartist and radical historiography, the constitution is usually treated as a narrative of national political development. This article extends the horizons of Chartist constitutionalism by exploring its similarities with American constitutionalism. By doing so, it also opens up questions regarding the ideas of the movement. Like the Americans sixty years before, the Chartists were confronted by a parliament that they believed had superseded its constitutional authority. This perception was informed by a belief that the constitution rested on the authority of the fixed principles of fundamental law, which they argued placed limits beyond which Parliament had no power to reach. As a result, the Chartists imagined that the British constitution functioned like a written constitution. To support this claim, they drew on a sophisticated interpretation of English law that argued that the common law was closely related to natural law.

scholarly journals Packing up the Past: Vicki Baum’s Quest for Heimat

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-123
Author(s):  
Rose Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Verbal Communication ◽  
Immigrant Family ◽  
Jewish Immigrant ◽  
Common Humanity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Linguistic Barriers ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Simple Definition

The best-selling Austrian novelist Vicki Baum took ship alone for America in 1932 but emigration soon became exile for the Jewish author. The feeling of ‘Heimatlosigkeit’, or rootlessness, which oppressed Baum at that time was emotional and spiritual rather than physical. Child of a Jewish immigrant family in the anti Semitic society of nineteenth-century Vienna, Vicki Baum had long questioned the loci and the politics of Heimat, a German term whose significance far exceeds the simple definition of home or homeland. Cut loose from Heimat, she began her travels to far-away destinations, seeking to identify a common humanity and the universal moralities which could guide Europe to a better future. She wrote her travel experiences into novels which allowed her to narrate the landscapes and customs but also the inner lives of the peoples she encountered. A long-standing belief in the inauthenticity of verbal communication encouraged her to transcend linguistic barriers with confidence but it was her gender, she believed, which enabled her to share and interpret other cultures. Commonality rather than difference is the focus of her travel-letters and their fictional transpositions. Focusing on Baum’s experiences on Bali seen in a postcolonial perspective, the article argues that the island was for the novelist a space of transcendence, where the inhabitants held on to values already lost in Western societies.

Military Professionalism in a Colonial Context: The Madras Army circa 1832

1990 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lorenzo M. Crowell
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Historical Record ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
The Past ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Military Professionalism

Was the Madras Army professional in the 1830s? The answer depends largely upon the definition of professionalism. Professional standards in society at large and in military forces have changed over the past two hundred years. Major political decisions with enormous social and economic consequences are made by governments today based upon their understanding of military professionalism. This understanding should incorporate the historical record including nineteenth-century developments outside of Europe.

The Structure of French Romantic Histories of Religions

Numen ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 258-286
Author(s):  
Arthur McCalla
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
Structural Elements ◽  
Religious Thought ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Christian Doctrine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThis article analyzes the histories of religions of Louis de Bonald, Antoine Fabre d'Olivet, Pierre-Simon Ballanche, and Ferdinand d'Eckstein. Rather than offer yet another definition of Romanticism, it seeks to establish a framework by which to render intelligible a set of early nineteenth-century French histories of religions that have been largely ignored in the history of the study of religion. It establishes their mutual affinity by demonstrating that they are built on the common structural elements of an essentialist ontology, an epistemology that eludes Kantian pessimism, and a philosophy of history that depicts development as the unfolding of a preexistent essence according to an a priori pattern. Consequent upon these structural elements we may identify five characteristics of French Romantic histories of religions: organic developmentalism; reductionism; hermeneutic of harmonies; apologetic intent; and reconceptualization of Christian doctrine. Romantic histories of religions, as syntheses of traditional faith and historical-mindedness, are at once a chapter in the history of the study of religion and in the history of religious thought.

scholarly journals Macroscopic Hematuria—A Leading Urological Problem in Patients on Anticoagulant Therapy: Is the Common Diagnostic Standard Still Advisable?

ISRN Urology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Artur A. Antoniewicz ◽  
Łukasz Zapała ◽  
Sławomir Poletajew ◽  
Andrzej Borówka
Keyword(s):  
Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Standards Of Care ◽  
Macroscopic Hematuria ◽  
The Past ◽  
Anticoagulant Drugs ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

All urological standards of care are based on the past definition of the clinical importance of macroscopic hematuria. The aim of the study was to assess the phenomenon of iatrogenic hematuria in current clinical practice and analyze its origins in patients receiving anticoagulant drugs. Retrospective analysis of clinical documentation of 238 patients that were consulted for hematuria in 2007–2009 by 5 consultant urologists was performed. In the group of 238 patients with hematuria, 155 (65%) received anticoagulants. Abnormalities of urinary tract were found in 45 (19%) patients. Estimated cost of a single neoplasm detection reached the value of 3252 Euro (mean 3-day hospitalization). The strong correlation between the presence of hematuria and anticoagulant treatment was observed. Authors suggest to redefine the present and future role of hematuria from a standard manifestation of serious urological disease to a common result of a long-term anticoagulant therapy.

The Two Faces of Janus

2020 ◽  
pp. 26-32
Author(s):  
Yael Tamir
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
State Of Mind ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Perception ◽  
Information And Technology

This chapter argues that nationalism is a deceptive ideology; one of its faces looks to the past, the other looks to the future. It discusses the negative descriptions of nationalism that emphasize its backward-looking face. The chapter also explains how nationalism tried to revive (or invent) an image of a magnificent past. It examines the history of nationalism, and one of its most fascinating features, modernizing powers. Despite the common perception of nationalism as identified with primordial, tribal feelings, the chapter asserts that true power of nationalism in modern times is grounded in its ability to promote processes of modernization and industrialization that go hand in hand with the universalization of education, information, and technology. Ultimately, the chapter portrays nationalism as an expression of a populist state of mind. It further presents the most interesting definition of populism.

scholarly journals Melanoma: incidence and mortality in the world and Kazakhstan in 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27
Author(s):  
D. A. Tuleuova ◽  
G. A. Serikbaev ◽  
A. K. Kurmanaliev ◽  
J. U. Pysanova ◽  
Sh. P. Najibulo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Development ◽  
Lower Latitude ◽  
The Past ◽  
Melanoma Incidence ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
The World ◽  
East Kazakhstan ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The City

Relevance: Melanoma is one of the most aggressive and unpredictable tumors. Melanoma most often affects the skin. Over the past 50 years, the incidence of melanoma in the world has been overgrowing, with the highest rates among fair-skinned people and in the regions with lower latitude. The incidence is higher among older adults but is also one of the common forms of cancer among young people. Melanoma incidence and mortality depend on gender, age, ethnicity, as well as on the region of residence. The purpose of the study was to assess the skin melanoma epidemiology in the world and Kazakhstan in 2018. Results: Melanoma incidence was growing throughout the world during the past decades, with an annual incidence of 4-6%. Melanoma incidence is expected to reach 450,000 cases per year in the next two decades. Kazakhstan has experienced an increase in melanoma incidence by 63% over the past ten years. Females made 61% of cases. The incidence remained high in the East Kazakhstan region and the cities of Almaty and Karaganda. High mortality was registered in North Kazakhstan, East Kazakhstan, and Pavlodar regions, and the city of Almaty. Since 2009, the five-year survival with melanoma in the Republic of Kazakhstan has decreased by 2.2%. Conclusion: Melanoma morbidity and mortality is growing worldwide. Even though its incidence is below one-tenths of other types of skin cancer, the ability of melanoma to quickly metastasize and affect young adults makes this disease as a serious social problem. It is necessary to improve the methods of primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention of melanoma aimed at identifying individuals at high risk of tumor development and optimize the methods of its early diagnostics and definition of the risk of metastasis.

scholarly journals La melancolía aristotélica en "Nadie me verá llorar" de Cristina Garza

2014 ◽  
pp. 487
Author(s):  
Ainhoa Segura Zariquiegui
Keyword(s):  
American Literature ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Latin American Literature ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of

Los seres humanos siempre nos hemos sentido fascinados por la difusa línea que divide la locura y el sentido común. Es la lucha entre racionalidad e irracionalidad. Es por ello que mi proyecto se basa en este tema. Se trata de investigar sobre la locura, anteriormente denominada melancolía. La reflexión tiene como marco la novela de la autora mexicana Cristina Garza titulada Nadie me verá llorar. Esta obra está ambientada en el México positivista de Porfirio Díaz. Los personajes que recorren la novela se posicionan entre la racionalidad y la irracionalidad. Para analizar más pormenorizadamente las características de los protagonistas, se ha utilizado la obra aristotélica que trata de la melancolía. Gracias a esta obra, se puede observar cómo las características ancestrales de los melancólicos se sitúan, en este caso, en el México finisecular. Human beings have been always fascinated by the line that divides the madness and the common sense. This is the fight between rationality and irrationality. That is why my project involves this topic basing my researched in the definition of melancholic named in the past as madness. From the beginning of the humanity people look at their selves trying to understand how their mind works looking for the distinction of reality and unreality. Lunacy has been a malefic character but also due to the enigmatic characteristics, has trace of greatness. This paper continues this research upon the differences, the uncommon. I based my paper in a historical development of the analysis of the melancholic from the ancient times with Aristotle and Plato until two of the most relevant writers of the Latin-American literature, Cristina Garza specially in her novel Nadie me verá llorar (No one will see me cry). My researched rests in the Aristotle´s treaty titled The man of genius and the melancholic because is, with Plato, the philosopher that gave form to that feeling of amazed facing it to the magnanimity and the despicable of the mental illness. The genius man has always been located between these limits, such as the painter Bacon or Beethoven. These thin line make them fall or slip in one or the other face of the melancholic. How can you get hooked by this theme? How could you not follow the way of those who came before us trying to find the answer?

scholarly journals False Myths versus Medical Facts: Ten Common Misconceptions Related to Dry Eye Disease

Biomedicines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 172
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽  
Vincenzo Scorcia
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Correct Diagnosis ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
The Past ◽  
Ocular Surface Diseases ◽  
Medical Fact ◽  
The Common ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Common Misconceptions ◽  
Made In

Since the first definition of dry eye, rapid progress has been made in this field over the past decades that has guided profound changes in the definition, classification, diagnosis and management of the disease. Although dry eye is one of the most frequently encountered ocular conditions, various “old” misconceptions persist, in particular among comprehensive ophthalmologists not specialized in ocular surface diseases. These misconceptions hamper the correct diagnosis and the proper management of dry eye in the routine clinical practice. In the present review, we described the 10 most common misconceptions related to dry eye and provided an evidence-based guide for reconsidering them using the format “false myth versus medical fact”. These misconceptions concern the dry eye definition and classification (#1, #2, #3), disease physiopathology (#4), diagnosis (#5), symptoms (#6, #7) and treatment (#8, #9, #10). Nowadays, dry eye is still an under-recognized and evolving disease that poses significant clinical challenges to ophthalmologists. The two major reasons behind these challenges include the heterogeneity of the conditions that fall under the umbrella term of dry eye and the common discrepancy between signs and symptoms.

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