scholarly journals Educação superior para o desenvolvimento econômico: um olhar sobre os governos FHC (1995-2002) e Lula (2003-2010)

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Uriel Boianovsky Kveller ◽  
Ronaldo Herrlein Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Unskilled Workers

O desenvolvimento econômico pode ser compreendido como a passagem de uma economia baseada em ativos primários, de baixo valor agregado e explorados por trabalhadores não especializados, para uma economia de ativos baseados no conhecimento e explorados por mão de obra especializada. O Brasil é um país cuja produção industrial e de serviços complexos, de maior agregação de valor, vem regredindo, enquanto sua pauta exportadora é composta em grande parte por produtos primários ou semi-industrializados. Além disso, enfrenta uma série de desafios que impõem dificuldades à qualificação dos trabalhadores. As instituições de ensino superior (IES) podem contribuir para fomentar o processo de desenvolvimento, pois produzem conhecimento científico e formam quadros profissionais especializados. O presente artigo procura identificar e avaliar de forma comparativa as políticas de educação superior e seus resultados consolidados durante os governos de Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) e de Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), assumindo a existência de relações significativas entre o ensino superior e o desenvolvimento econômico e visando evidenciar em que medida tais políticas contribuíram para esse processo. Palavras-chave: desenvolvimento econômico; ensino superior; conhecimento.Higher education for economic development: an overview on FHC and Lula governmentsABSTRACTEconomic development can be understood as the transition from an economy based on primary assets, low value-added and exploited by unskilled workers, to an economy of knowledge-based assets and exploited by skilled labor. Brazil is a country whose industrial production and complex services, with greater aggregation of value, has been regressing, while its export agenda is largely composed of primary or semi-industrialized products. In addition, it faces a series of challenges that pose difficulties to the qualification of workers. Higher education institutions (HEIs) can contribute to fostering the development process because they produce scientific knowledge and form specialized professional staff. This article aims to identify and evaluate in a comparative way the policies of higher education and its consolidated results during the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002) and Luís Inácio Lula da Silva (2003-2010), assuming the existence of significant relationships between higher education and economic development, and seeking to show to what extent such policies contributed to this process.Keywords: economic development; higher education; knowledge. 

scholarly journals Importance of the industrial production sector and Serbia's inclusion in global value chains

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 289-305
Author(s):  
Miladin Kovačević ◽  
Katarina Stančić ◽  
Svetlana Jelić
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Production ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Value Chains ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Professional Staff ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Investment Efficiency

The share of industrial production in GDP has expressed accelerated decrease for several last decades, while at the same time the sector of services gains an ever-increasing role in the modern society. A general impression is that the process of deindustrialization is an unavoidable global phenomenon. However, the fact that seems to be neglected is that historical observations indicate industrial sector as the pillar of longstanding development and progress, and that its role in overcoming the stages of crisis is of crucial importance, just as showed the episode of COVID-19 pandemic. The modern industrial sector cannot be observed out of the context of international production and trade, which acknowledge and express the final purpose of industrial investments, since they ensure possible overcoming of the national market limits, the achievement of economies of scale in relatively short time, and most importantly - the access to modern technologies. The development of global value chains, i.e. the production fragmentation based on the international division of labour, presents a revolutionary, global phenomenon, which has provided a chance for every country to get included into the process of global industrial production according to its comparative advantages. Serbia takes part in the global value chains owing to its geographic position, respectful human resources/professional staff, infrastructure, and the national openness; however, the implied question is the quality of the participation and what can be done to achieve better results. Can we regard Serbia just as the hub where final products are assembled or there is a considerable value added created in our factories? This paper offers an overview of the subsectors with the highest inclusion in the global value chains, as well as the analysis of their exports, output and gross value added trends, and the parameters of efficiency of investment in the most profitable subsectors. Identifying the areas with low investment efficiency is an important diagnostic tool for decision makers and presents a challenge as regards the adequate allocation of resources leading to increased profitability of investments and exports. Finally, we present the overview of the developments in ICT sector that is recognized as a valuable chance for Serbia, having in mind its increasing share in GDP, and its significance for the forthcoming process of digitalization and Industry 4.0.

scholarly journals Determinants of the Declining Share of Agricultural Labour Force to Total Labour Force in Pakistan

1988 ◽  
Vol 27 (4II) ◽  
pp. 561-565 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hameed Sheikh ◽  
Zafar Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Total Labour

The agricultural labour force in Pakistan has been increasing rapidly due to population growth as well as a declining mortality rate. However, the share of the agricultural labour force to total labour force has been decreasing. The objective of this paper is to search for the factors responsible for this decline. The period covered is from 1959•60 to 1986-87. The development process is characterised as one which brings about a fundamental change in the structure of an economy. In this process, labour is shifted from low productivity areas, such as agriculture, to high productivity areas, such as the manufacturing, construction and transport sectors. The share of value added of agriculture in Gross Domestic Product (GDP) has declined from 46 percent in 1959- 60 to 25 percent in 1986-87. Hence, the key determinant of declining share of agricultural labour force to total labour force (RA LF) appears to be some measure of economic development.

scholarly journals METHODOLOGICAL APPROACH TO ASSESSING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION

Management ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-24
Author(s):  
Svitlana Breus ◽  
Yevheniia Khaustova ◽  
Mykola Denysenko ◽  
Svitlana Bondarenko ◽  
Nataliia Kyrylko
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Golden Ratio ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Institutions Of Higher Education ◽  
Strategic Development ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Socio Economic Development

Background and objectives. The problem of competitiveness of institutions of higher education (IHE) is one of the key tasks, the solution of which will help increase the socio-economic development of the country. In the context of Ukraine's European integration interests, competition between Ukrainian and foreign IHEs is intensifying, which encourages the former to find ways of their own competitiveness (which is largely determined by the competitiveness of its graduates and the ability to generate knowledge-based innovations) as a result of using appropriate factors that are directly dependent on increasing competitiveness in the context of its management.Methods. Methods of profiles and ratings using separate methods of comparative, statistical and economic-mathematical analysis (factor analysis), with the formation of an appropriate system of indicators.Findings. The results of assessing the competitiveness of KNUTD indicate a decrease in the level of competitiveness of IHEs. It has been estimated that during 2017–2019 it was at a low level (0.542, 0.541 and 0.466, respectively), which according to the proposed scale for determining the level of competitiveness of IHEs (developed using the golden ratio method) is in the range of 0.383–0.618. Conclusion. Based on studying and assessing the competitiveness of IHEs to improve it in the context of its management and ensure the strategic development of IHEs within the implementation of relevant strategic alternatives and proposed generalized areas, as well as certain factors of competitiveness, it has been determined appropriate to forecast the indicators underlying the calculation of the KNUTD competitiveness, using an improved methodological approach to the main proposed measures.

scholarly journals The Role Of Universities In Building A Knowledge-Based Economy In Saudi Arabia

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Imam Salem
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Sustainable Growth ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy

A knowledge-based economy is one of the vital components of modern economies. Growth in most of the economies of the world, and most developed economies in particular, are increasingly based on knowledge. In a knowledge-based economy, economic development is dependent on investments in education, learning and training, among others. Universities are today becoming aware of the essential role that higher education plays in the construction of knowledge-based economies. The kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has adopted the drive toward a knowledge-based economy through focusing on the higher education sector. Saudi Universities are playing a pivotal role toward the Kingdom's transition into a knowledge-based economy and hence achieving economic growth and development. The purpose of this paper is to critically examine the important role that universities play in building a knowledge-based economy through innovation, research commercialization, and technology transfer as economic development policies. The role of universities in building a knowledge-based economy in Saudi Arabia is also investigated. The paper confirms that Saudi universities are considered as a very important entity in the aim for the Saudi economy to achieve sustainable growth and development.

scholarly journals The Role of Astronomy in Development: The Case of Uganda

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (A29A) ◽  
pp. 393-394
Author(s):  
Edward Jurua
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
University Curriculum ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
The University ◽  
Excellent Tool ◽  
Science Subject

AbstractScience and technology play a key role in economic development; and Universities have a direct stake in this process. A knowledge-based economy requires scientific and technological expertise that is strongly influenced by the strength of training in science and technology. However, in Uganda not many students opt for science subject at higher levels, and subsequently in the University. Therefore, there is need to encourage and motivate students to study science subjects in order for this to be successful. This can be achieved through introduction of stimulating subjects such as astronomy in the university curriculum. Astronomy is considered as the most appealing subject and an excellent tool for conveying scientific knowledge to young students. In this paper, the role that astronomy has played to motivate and interest students to study physics in Mbarara University of Science and Technology, in Uganda, is discussed.

TRANSFORMING INTO A KNOWLEDGE-BASED SOCIETY: EXAMINING THE ROLES OF HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
John Aliu ◽  
Clinton Aigbavboa
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Conference Proceedings ◽  
Construction Industry ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Academic Skills ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
The World ◽  
Training And Research ◽  
Social And Environmental Change

More than ever, the Nigerian construction industry requires construction professionals who are responsive to economic, technical, social and environmental change and can fit into the world of work. Apart from possessing the requisite non-academic skills, construction graduates need to be abreast with the dynamics of the construction industry to contribute meaningfully to its activities. Thus, the roles of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have become more critical in skill creation and impartation as students of today are to be adequately prepared to take up industry responsibilities in various roles. In building a knowledge-based society, the level of construction pedagogy in HEIs is key in the economic development of any nation. This paper identifies the various roles HEIs play in improving the level of construction pedagogy delivered to future construction professionals. An extant review of literatures was conducted from databases such as Springer, Scopus, ASC conference proceedings amongst others. Findings from this study revealed that that government alone cannot provide the resources needed to provide qualitative higher education, and advocates for other sources of dealing with these challenges. Hence, the findings of this paper provide a basis for HEIs in Nigeria to get involved in improved teaching, training and research as these actions are key in contributing to the success of the construction industry as well as transforming Nigeria into a knowledge-based society.

Role of Education in the Concept of Innovative Economic Development

2015 ◽  
pp. 68-80
Author(s):  
V. Vedeneeva
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Knowledge Based Economy ◽  
Post Industrial

Innovations are the main form of transformation of knowledge into welfare. They represent a key feature of a post-industrial economy and of the relevant knowledge-based economy in which the knowledge becomes a critical factor and a primary source of socio-economic development. The shaping of the educational services market is one of requirements for transition to a post-industrial society, which presupposes a comprehensive modernization of the country. The statement of modernization itself primarily applies to education, – both basic and further. In Russia, a new structure of higher education was created, in which the leading role belongs to federal and national universities designed to prepare professionals for the new economy and science. In the transition period, one of the main tasks of higher education is to train engineers of innovative type. However, the level of engineering education in universities as a whole does not meet the requirements of an innovative economy, and the most demanded professions do not belong to the sphere of innovations. Young people are still motivated to obtain a profession that allows to ensure high wages, primarily in the financial sector and management. This problem is solved by developing a real cooperation between universities and business, by the expansion of academic mobility, as well as the introduction of additional professional development programs and training of engineering personnel.

Higher Education and Knowledge Economy: A Focus on Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Danjuma ◽  
Amran Rasli
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Knowledge Based

The objective of this article was to discuss the roles of higher education institutions towards a knowledge-based Nigerian economy in the fast changing globalised economy. In achieving this objective, issues that drive knowledge in developed countries and the need for Nigeria to adopt a knowledge-based approach to economic development were examined. Suggestions on strategies for developing a knowledge-driven economy were offered accordingly.

A model of the analysis of the dynamics and structure of socio-economic development (an example of the set of the largest Polish cities in the years 1998–2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Lidia Mierzejewska ◽  
Jerzy Parysek
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Development Process ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
The State ◽  
Geographical Research ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Development Processes ◽  
State Of Affairs

Abstract The complexity of the reality studied by geographical research requires applying such methods which allow describing the state of affairs and ongoing changes in the best possible way. This study aims to present a model of research on selected aspects of the dynamics and structure of socio-economic development. The idea was to determine whether we deal with the process of reducing or widening the differences in terms of individual features. The article primarily pursues a methodological goal, and to a lesser extent an empirical one. The methodological objective of the paper was to propose and verify a multi-aspect approach to the study of development processes. The analyses carried out reveal that in terms of the features taken into account in the set of 24 of the largest Polish cities the dominating processes are those increasing differences between cities, which are unfavourable in the context of the adopted development policies aiming at reducing the existing disparities. In relation to the methodological objective, the results of the conducted research confirm the rationale of the application of the measures of dynamics and the feature variance to determine the character (dynamics and structure) of the socio-economic development process of cities. Comparatively less effective, especially for interpretation, is the application of principal component analysis and a multivariate classification, which is mainly the result of differences in the variance of particular features.

GEODIVERSIDADE E A PRÁTICA DE CAMPOS (ROTEIROS ESCOLARES) NO LITORAL COMO SUBSÍDIOS AO ENSINO DE GEOGRAFIA (FÍSICA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 1006-1018
Author(s):  
Ana Alexandre Santos Rodrigues ◽  
Francisco Asis Aquino Bezerra Filho ◽  
Jáder Onofre de Morais ◽  
Lidrana De Souza Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Classical Literature ◽  
The West ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Teachers And Students

As práticas de campo proporcionam aos discentes uma proximidade com o cotidiano. A metodologia proposta no estudo sugere uma divulgação simplificada do conhecimento cientifico da Planície Litorânea de Almofala, propondo rotas de acesso didáticas para práticas de campo que auxiliem os professores das escolas de Itarema. Para a complementação teórica foram considerados como base os inventários da Geodiversidade cientifica do litoral oeste do estado do Ceará, realizados no âmbito do projeto PRONEX. Isso foi feito por pesquisadores de várias Instituições de Ensino Superior do Ceará, e a literatura clássica local. Enquanto resultados discutidos, considerou-se que estes roteiros de práticas de campo podem ser estabelecidos e decididos em conjunto, entre professores e alunos. Tendo como base o mapa interpretativo dos roteiros, com intuito de realizar o reconhecimento e entendimento da dinâmica costeira.Palavras-chave: Educação; Geodiversidade; Planície Litorânea. ABSTRACTField practices provide students with a closeness to daily life. The methodology proposed in the study suggests a simplified dissemination of scientific knowledge of the Almofala Coastal Plain, proposing didactic access routes for field practices that help teachers of Itarema schools. For theoretical complementation, the inventories of the scientific geodiversity of the west coast of the state of Ceará, carried out under the PRONEX project were considered. It was done by researchers from various Higher Education Institutions in Ceará, and its local classical literature. As results discussed, it was considered that these field practice roadmaps can be jointly established and decided between teachers and students. Based on the interpretative map of the roadmaps, in order to recognize and understand the coastal dynamics.Keywords: Education; Geodiversity; Coastal plain. RESUMENLas prácticas de campo ofrecen a los estudiantes una cercanía a la vida diaria. La metodología propuesta en el estudio sugiere una divulgación simplificada del conocimiento científico sobre la llanura costera de Almofala, proponiendo rutas de acceso didáctico para prácticas de campo que ayudan a los docentes de las escuelas de Itarema. Para la complementación teórica fueron considerados como información base los inventarios de la geodiversidad científica de la costa oeste del estado de Ceará, realizados en el ámbito del proyecto PRONEX. Fue realizado por investigadores de varias instituciones de educación superior en Ceará, y la literatura clásica local. En cuanto a los resultados discutidos, se consideró que estas hojas de ruta de prácticas de campo pueden ser establecidas y escogidas conjuntamente entre docentes y estudiantes, con base en el mapa interpretativo de ruta, con el fin de reconocer y comprender la dinámica costera de esta región.Palabras clave: Educación; Geodiversidad; Llanura costera.

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