scholarly journals Prospects for the use of intensive rootstock for cultivation of pear cultivars in the conditions of Central Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
I. V. Semin ◽  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
Z. E. Ozherelieva
Keyword(s):  
High Yield ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
Moderate Growth ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Central Regions ◽  
The Common ◽  
Russian Research

Relevance. Unfortunately, there are no intensive pear plantations in the central regions of Russia due to the absence of intensive dwarf rootstocks. Therefore, the research aimed at obtaining winter-hardy rootstocks that provides early industrial fruiting of gardens, limits plant growth and gives a quick return on investment, is very important and can be applied in many different ways.Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the laboratory of selection and variety study of pears and non-traditional pome crops of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (FSBSI VNIISPK). The object of the research was the common quince selected by FSBSI VNIISPK. In 2008-2010 and 2012-2014 we studied the economic and biological characteristics of the common quince as clonal pear rootstocks when propagated by green cuttings.Results. The research results show high winter hardiness of the common quince plants in Oryol region, as well as their high regenerative capacity in case of damage caused by adverse winter conditions. It was determined that some types of common quince can be reproduced by green cuttings and provide a high yield of uniform planting material. The common quince has a high seed productivity that allows to get seedling rootstocks of high quality. Some pear cultivars demonstrate a good compatibility with the common quince, moderate growth and high early maturity in comparison with the pear rootstock; there are also preliminary data on compatibility of 11 pear cultivars in a nursery, and 4 cultivars that are incompatible with the common quince.

scholarly journals Multiple flowering of blackberry and its role in the formation of this crop harvest in the conditions of Central Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 01002
Author(s):  
Lidia Gruner ◽  
Boris Kornilov
Keyword(s):  
Characteristic Feature ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Middle Part ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Central Russia ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Early Ripening ◽  
Crop Harvest ◽  
Russian Research

The materials of the article present data on the various manifestations of ability of repeated flowering and fruiting during one growing season by representatives of the subgenus Eubatus Focke (blackberry). The research was carried out in experimental plantings of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (city of Orel). Classical methods of cultivar study were used. Experimental blackberry cultivars have different maturation periods, so the delayed formation of peduncles is of unequal importance when growing them. In this regard, the purpose of the work was to study the phenomenon of multiple flowering and fruiting of blackberry in the conditions of the Orel region of Russia, to identify cultivars and breeding forms with the greatest severity of this trait, to show its positive and negative sides. As a result, it has been found that the ability of blackberries to flower repeatedly is a characteristic feature of this crop, and for a number of cultivars it is a valuable economic feature in the conditions of Central Russia. Three main types of this phenomenon are shown, which manifest themselves differently in the studied cultivars and forms. Based on the data obtained, we believe that early ripening blackberry cultivars are preferred for the middle part of Russia.

EVALUATION OF THE COMMON HOP VARIETY SAMPLES ACCORDING TO THE PHENOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES

2018 ◽  
pp. 40-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
А. А. Fadeev ◽  
Z. А. Nikonova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Humulus Lupulus L ◽  
The Common ◽  
Regions Of Russia ◽  
Vegetative Season

The results of study of the 12 year cycle of studies on the only in Russia collection of hops ordinary (Humulus lupulus L.), which contains 250 samples from different regions of Russia and 17 foreign countries. The number of process varieties, composition and origin, it is unique and corresponds to world level. A collection of accessions of hops is a population of female plants with a set of phenological, morphological and economic importance of signs. In the article, the estimation of the collectible varieties of hops at different ripeness groups according to phenological and morphological characteristics according to the method of test for distinctness, uniformity and stability. As the result of the research the Common Hop (Humuluslupulus) sorts were classified in accordance with their maturity time as early maturity (less than 100 days) – 10%, middle-early (101…110 days) – 14, middle duration (111…120 days) – 40, middle-late (121…130 days) – 10% and slow-maturing (more than 130 days) – 26%. Each group has a phenotypic and morphologies features. The early maturity, middle-early and middle duration varieties with vegetative season approximately 120 days are more adaptive to the conditions of the Chuvashia and central part of the Russia and provide obtaining high yield of the hop cones.

Peculiarities of the juvenile period of the native Chechen genotypes of willow leaf pear (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
E. A. Dolmatov ◽  
R. B. Borzayev ◽  
A. N. Shaipov
Keyword(s):  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Juvenile Period ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Common ◽  
One Year ◽  
First Time ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Creative Cooperation

The results of the study of the duration of the juvenile period of indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes (Pyrus salicifolia Pall.) are given in connection with the acceleration of the breeding process and the use of selected forms in pear breeding for high precocity. The studies were carried out in 2016-2019 at OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” in accordance with the Agreement on creative cooperation with the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding. The work was carried out in accordance with generally accepted programs and methods. The objects of the study were one-year and two-year-old pear seedlings obtained from sowing seeds of selected dwarf and low-growing local Chechen forms of willow pear (P. salicifolia Pall.), laying fruit buds on annual growths and seedlings of Caucasian pear (P. caucasica Fed.), 20 500 pcs. of each specie. The aim of the research was to study the potential of precocity of willow pear seedlings and to reveal of selected forms with the greatest degree of this trait. Stratified seeds were sown in the sowing department of the OOO “Orchards of Chechnya” production nursery in April, 2017. The seedlings were grown according to the common technology in dryland conditions on the plot with chestnut soil. The first fl owering of plants was noted in the spring, 2019. As a result of the research, for the first time on a large number of the experimental material it was found that in the off spring of the indigenous Chechen willow leaf pear genotypes, the selection of a little more than 2% of seedlings with a very short juvenile period (2 years) was possible. They are of great interest in accelerating the breeding process and in the selection of new pear varieties with high precocity. 20 willow leaf pear genotypes were selected for the further use in breeding for high precocity and as sources of the trait of short juvenile period.

scholarly journals Apple breeding process duration and ways of its reduction

2019 ◽  
pp. 5-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Sedov ◽  
S. A. Korneyeva ◽  
T. V. Yanchuk ◽  
Z. M. Serova
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Primary Study ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Russian Research

A careful 63-year-old work on apple breeding, resulting in the creation of 54 its varieties, included in the State Register of breeding achievements admitted for use, makes it possible to speak about the ways of reduction in the time of the actual breeding process and the subsequent stages of accelerating the introduction of new varieties into production. According to the experience of the Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding, an average of 19 years is spent from hybridization to the adoption of a variety for State trials, and from hybridization to inclusion in the State Register it is spent 27 years. The requirements for new apple varieties are changing and becoming tougher to a large extent during this period. We off er the possibility of reducing the time to create a new variety by combining in time the actual breeding process and the primary variety study. For this purpose already during the selection and transfer of biannual seedlings to the breeding orchard it is necessary to multiply and include the best seedlings on morphological features with a culture of 5 points (no more than 1 seedling per thousand selected ones) in the primary study. In this case the actual breeding process is combined with the primary study. When transferring the variety to the state trial, it is necessary to lay orchards of a small production testing of 20-40 trees of a new variety in each of the three replications. The time of single breeders is a thing of the past. To create varieties that meet high requirements of production (convenient for cultivation, highly adapted to local conditions, with a certain shape of tree crowns, with the fruits of high commodity and consumer qualities), interdisciplinary teams are needed, which include not only breeders, but also pomologists, geneticists, cytoembryologists, biochemists, physiologists, phytopathologists, and agricultural technicians. Usually years, and sometimes decades are spent on the creation of well-coordinated teams of professionals of diff erent specialties, but only such teams are able to create varieties that meet all main requirements. At Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding such a team consists of 22 people.

scholarly journals Intensification of the breeding process and acceleration of the introduction of apple cultivars into production

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. N. Sedov
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
Middle Zone ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
Fruit Crop ◽  
Long Period ◽  
State Register ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Small Production ◽  
Russian Research

Russian Research Institute of Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) is the main supplier of new apple cultivars for the middle zone of Russia. 54 zoned apple cultivars of different dates of maturing have been created at the Institute and included in the State Register of breeding achievements. The reasons of a very long period from the beginning of the breeding process (hybridization) to the wide introduction of a cultivar into broad production are considered in this pa-per. Examples of acceleration and intensification of the breeding process are given. If in 1950s at VNIISPK it took 39-49 years (43, on the average) from the hybridization to transfer a cultivar to the State Register, then in 1980s-1990s it took just 18-23 years (21, on the average). The techniques and methods of reducing this period are given in this paper. Often not less period passes from the inclusion of a cultivar in the State Register (zoning) before introduction of a cultivar in wide production. To reduce this period, it is proposed in the original institution to lay plots of small production cultivar testing of 20-30 trees in each of the 3 repetitions (60-90 trees) for each new cultivar and the control cultivar simultaneously with the transfer of a cultivar to the State Register.

scholarly journals Conventional and molecular breeding of field and vegetable crops, Novi Sad, Serbia, 2008

2009 ◽  
pp. 36-38
Author(s):  
I.T. Balashova
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Molecular Methods ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Crop Breeding ◽  
International Conference ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
Novi Sad ◽  
Gamete Selection ◽  
Russian Research

On 24-27th of November, 2008 the international conference on conventional and molecular breeding of field and vegetable crops was held in Novi Sad, Serbia. Russian delegated group included Dr. Lapochkina I.F., a head of genetics and cytology department at All -Russian Research institute of Agriculture for Nonchernozem zone, Dr Balashova I.T, a head of a laboratory of gamete selection and molecular methods for plant breeding, Dr Kushnereva V.P., a head of a Cucurbitaceae crop breeding laboratory

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