scholarly journals OIL EXPLOITATION AT VIRUNGA PARK AS A THREAT TO THE ENVIRONMENT AND TO ENDANGERED ANIMAL SPECIES

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (27) ◽  
pp. 11-29
Author(s):  
Kiwonghi Bizawu ◽  
Magno Federici Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Animal Rights ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Oil Exploitation ◽  
The Government

This article aims at addressing the impasse created by the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) when it granted to Soco, an English multinational company, the permit to exploit oil and start drilling inside the Virunga National Park in the province of North Kivu, Ituri area, which is protected by UNESCO as a Heritage of Humanity and recognized worldwide as the sanctuary of the mountain gorillas, okapis and several other endangered animals or animal species. The article is inspired in the international mobilization promoted by Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) such as the Human Rights Watch (HRW), Global Witness, World Wide Fund For Nature (WWF) and by other national and international human and animal rights movements, as well as by Ituri’s civil society. What is the future of Virunga Park in face of the economic development from oil exploitation to benefit poor riparian populations praised by the Central Government and the sustainable development based on the preservation and conservation of the Park recommended by the non-governmental organizations and the movements listed above? Considering the arguments of the Government in favor of economic development to fight the poverty and misery of the riparian populations, in one hand, and the UN’s opposite positioning through UNESCO, NGOs and the civil society, on the other hand, the dialectic method is going to be used by means of a descriptive research founded on a bibliographic survey.

scholarly journals Administrative and organizational mechanisms for regulating the integration of migrants in Spain

Upravlenie ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-126
Author(s):  
V. Ledeneva
Keyword(s):  
Central Government ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Cultural Integration ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Integration Of Immigrants ◽  
Expert Assessments ◽  
The Government

The article analyzes different approaches to the policy of integration of migrants in Spain. The purpose of the article is: to show the experience of integration policy and intercultural dialogue in Spain and to determine the most effective methods for application in the Russian migration policy.The phenomenon of socio-cultural integration of immigrants and intercultural interaction through theoretical and methodological developments of domestic and foreign experts has been considered. Distinctions between the concepts of “adaptation of migrants” and “integration of migrants” have been made. Integration involves the next stage of inclusion after adaptation in the host community. A list of criteria for assessing the processes of integration of immigrants into the host society has been formed, three main groups of criteria have been defined: socio-economic, political, legal and socio-cultural. During the analysis, the author comes to conclusion, that the key direction of the policy of integration of migrants into the host community in Spain is economic integration, which implies the inclusion of migrants in labor relations and is supported by state structures as much as possible.The main directions and effectiveness of the integration policy of Spain have been analyzed. It has been concluded, that the effectiveness depends on the existence of a holistic system of interaction between the Central government, regional and municipal authorities and non-governmental organizations, which greatly simplifies the process of integration of migrants into Spanish society. The article widely uses the results of practical studies of the integration experience of Spain, official reports of the EU supranational bodies on the migration situation in this country, reports on the implementation of specific integration initiatives, as well as the analysis of expert assessments on this issue. The article analyzes the most effective methods of integration of the government of Spain and Spanish public organizations, based on which practical recommendations for Russia are proposed, taking into account the specifics of migration processes.

scholarly journals The Silent Gatekeeper: Authoritarianism and Civil Society in China

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-72
Author(s):  
Kate Mah
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Chinese Communist Party ◽  
Social Mobilization ◽  
Civil Society Organizations ◽  
Authoritarian State ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Government ◽  
Market Capitalism

This paper examines the emergence of civil society in China under the authoritarian system in the last thirty years. It seeks to explore the ways in which an initial, traditional notion of civil society has altered in the context of China, as well as the respective challenges faced by both the organizations and the government in carrying out their goals and governance. The rapid rise of market capitalism, globalization and Chinese economic success in the last forty years to present day has made room for the rise of non-governmental organizations as well as social mobilization and engagement from citizens. This paper suggests that China has been able to accept the emergence of civil society, however, despite these developments, the government has been able to sufficiently suppress civil society from carrying out any objectives of transparency, social justice and accountability. It surveys the history of civil society within the authoritarian state, analyzes the specific government-NGO relations between the Chinese Communist Party and civil society organizations, and reflects upon the implications of the current legal and political framework that Chinese civil society must operate under.

Educate for Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 154-170
Author(s):  
Johanna Rosalí Reyes
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Quality Education ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Life Itself ◽  
Education Needs

Organisms like CEPARL, UNESCO, and PNUD have long forecast development and consumerism are imminently destroying the environment, the earth, and life itself, and education needs to prepare humans to create another model of life. This development should be based in solutions and alternatives that look for an equilibrium between social equality and economic development, and a respect for the environmental limitations of the ecosystems that compose the biosphere. It is important to study everything that a sustainable development would propose in the classroom as in any other space available, starting with the agreements of the program of the millenium of the PNUD to achieve an inclusive and quality education. Education is one of the most powerful motors and guarantees of sustainable development, at the intersection of social, economic, and environmental problems. Compromise is necessary from the states through educational entities in each country to non-governmental organizations and civil society.

scholarly journals MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (MSMEs) EMPOWERMENT THROUGH QUADRUPLE HELIX APPROACH IN BATU CITY

NATAPRAJA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-153
Author(s):  
Lely Indah Mindarti ◽  
Ajie Hanif Muzaqi
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Quadruple Helix ◽  
Economic Agents ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Capital Access ◽  
The Government ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Quadruple Helix Model

The research  purpose is to describe implementing of MSMEs empowerment in Batu using perspective of Quadruple helix model . This research using descriptive qualitative approach. Government of Batu through Department of Micro Enterprise Cooperatives and Trade of Batu implements MSMEs empowerment by relying on 4 main factors of empowerment: financial capital access, human resource, partnership, and market strengthening.  This government also established Integrated Business Service Centre (IBSC) as one of the commitments in empowering MSMEs and also making Batu as MSMEs centre. The result of analysis using the concept of Quadruple helix model  found that MSMEs empowerment in Batu involves collaboration of different sectors: the government of Batu, private/business institutions, academics, and civil society through communities, groups, and non-governmental organizations. Thus, the government of Batu plays dominant roles in the interaction synergies of different sectors and being responsible in equitable economic development. Private institutions play roles as production developer, academics play roles as knowledge and skill development transferor and civil society plays roles as creative economic agents and product users

scholarly journals The pursuit of inclusion: Conditions for civil society inclusion in peace processes in communal conflicts in Kenya

2021 ◽  
pp. 001083672110471
Author(s):  
Emma Elfversson ◽  
Desirée Nilsson
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Youth Groups ◽  
Peace Negotiations ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Peace Processes ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Government

Why are some peace processes in communal conflicts more inclusive of civil society actors than others? Inclusion of civil society actors, such as churches and religious leaders, women’s organizations, or youth groups, is seen as important for normative reasons, and studies also suggest that civil society inclusion can improve the prospects for durable peace. Yet, we have a very limited understanding of why we observe inclusion in some communal conflicts but not others. We address this gap by theorizing about various forms of civil society inclusion in local peace processes, and examining to what extent involvement by different types of third-party actors—governments, inter-governmental organizations (IGOs), and non-governmental organizations (NGOs)—may contribute to inclusion. Empirically, we draw on a combination of cross-case and in-depth data covering peace negotiations in communal conflicts in Kenya. The findings show that civil society was less frequently included as facilitators when the government was involved as a third party, while inclusion in the form of direct participation of civil society in negotiations, or via involvement in the implementation phase, was equally common across different types of third-party actors. Our study thus provides important new insights regarding how inclusion plays out in communal conflicts.

scholarly journals Break the Limits: INGOs Limitation and Learning from Amnesty International

WIMAYA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 15-21
Author(s):  
Vinesha Anindita
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
Amnesty International ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Government Fund ◽  
Individual Actor ◽  
The Government ◽  
Complex Matter

Civil society as the beginning of the notions of INGOs gives a holistic view to analyze the problem and the limit of International non-governmental organizations (INGOs) itself. Critics that arises regarding the limit of INGOs is the lack of independence of INGOs that is questionable about the possibility of the dependence of funds even from individual actor to government fund. It can reduce the roles and the functions of INGOs to act objectively.  Another critic for INGOs is a complex matter for international organizations in general about the lack of accountability. So many questions about how do INGOs can be more accountable or whom INGOs should be accountable. This paper argues that accountability should not just for the donors or the government but also stakeholder/grassroots. But, the limit of INGOs can be answered by Amnesty International which is a contradiction example of international organizations that is not affected by the limit of INGO.

scholarly journals Oil Can Make A Difference: Collaborating With NGOs In Azerbaijan

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger Alan Ritvo
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
The Caspian Sea ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Doing Business ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
The Government ◽  
Record Review ◽  
Do So

This study reports the findings from a 2006-2007 research project of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in Azerbaijan. There is reason to believe that the changes in Azerbaijan's economy because of oil in the Caspian Sea will spur added growth of NGOs and be a catalyst for an expanded civil society, if only because of the international attention that such development brings.  As an integral part of the development of a civil society, NGOs serve a special mediating role between the government and the population and they can be important forces for change.  They can fill service and program gaps and meet local needs when government is unwilling or unable to do so.  Using principles for the development of civil societies, the NGOs in Azerbaijan are slowly making progress.  Current practices were documented through interviews conducted by the author, literature reviews, correspondence and record review.  There are serious concerns that international businesses must be aware of when doing business in Azerbaijan and forming mutually beneficial partnerships with NGOs.

scholarly journals Women Engaged/Engaged Art in Postwar Bosnia: Reconciliation, Recovery, and Civil Society

2010 ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Simmons
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Women Artists ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Arts ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Government ◽  
Arts Administrators

In postwar and post-Communist Bosnia-Herzegovina, civil society has been developing along with a signifi cant recasting of women’s roles in public life. Researchers have equated civil society since the war in Bosnia almost exclusively with non-governmental organizations (NGOs). Certainly this has been the most infl uential sphere of both women’s work and of public activities contributing to a nascent civil society. Researchers have given insuffi cient attention, however, to the contributions of women in the burgeoning free press in Bosnia-Herzegovina, as well as to the increasing social engagement and infl uence of women artists and arts administrators. The contribution of the arts to civil society receives little attention, but women writers, artists, and arts administrators are addressing in their work and projects issues of justice, reconciliation, and human rights. Some who began their creative life in Yugoslavia, and who formerly sought independence from ideology in pure aestheticism, now embrace political engagement. They employ the potentially “free zone” of art to encourage the communication and mutual responsibility between the government and citizenry that underlies a civil society. Just as women have taken on new public roles since the war—as directors in non-governmental organizations and as editors and journalists in the independent press—women artists are addressing specifi c postwar themes, and women arts administrators are promoting publications, creating exhibitions, and organizing events that draw attention to issues that are critical to the success of Bosnia’s fl edgling democracy.

scholarly journals Geographical Indications in Trade Commodities for Promoting Sustainable Economic Development in Indonesia

Lentera Hukum ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Dwi Tiara Kurnilasari
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Geographical Indications ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Sustainable Economic Development ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Efficient Protection ◽  
The Government

The recent COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted many countries. It leads them to imbalance conditions in various sectors, particularly in the economic sector due to the shifting of people's habits. Amidst the recession, Indonesian local horticulture commodities increase in rates, supporting Indonesia's revenue. In Indonesia, abundant natural resources with numerous potential Geographical Indications (GI) need the government and other related parties' intense role. It currently results in weakness in many ways to support sustainable economic development. This study aims to discuss the protection of Geographical Indications both in national and international laws, and analyze certain vital steps to efficiently utilizing Indonesia's GI as trade commodities. The paper will mainly discuss Geographical Indication legal protection and ways to utilize it for the country's economy. The study finds that the legal protection of GI in Indonesia is still considered weak and lacks in parties' active involvement in managing GI-based trade commodities and products. The research concluded that to strengthen GI protection in Indonesia, related party involvement and continuous monitoring and promoting are necessary to be done. Furthermore, the advice is to increase local community awareness by government and non-governmental organizations toward GI potential. It includes developing an efficient protection and management system that fully maximized each party's ability to execute its responsibility. KEYWORDS: Geographical Indications, Intellectual Property, Economic Development.

scholarly journals Concept of interoperability of state with civil society: applied aspect

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Alkum Mysara
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
The State ◽  
Real Representation ◽  
Conceptual Approach ◽  
Joint Decision ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
The Government ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Representation Of Interests

It is substantiated that today more and more people understand that the conflict is generally unprofitable and unconstructive for society. The world community has come to understand that reconciling interests, that is, finding a consensus solution, is the best result of interaction between the parties. It is also evident that participants in the course of finding solutions to each other should demonstrate their personal ability to hear the opinions of other participants and try to bring them into their actions and proposals. Under these circumstances, it’s important to be set up for an «effective dialogue» to all parties to such interaction. They should strive to find compromises, to work out common visions on ways to solve problems, and to make a single joint decision that will take into account the interests of all, and in the future - to control its implementation. The conceptual approach to establishing interaction between the state and civil society institutions is analyzed. It is noted that during its introduction there are two main problems. First, there are no clear, accessible and well-developed channels of interaction between non-governmental organizations and the state. Therefore, the government should be obliged under the agreement not only to specify its priorities and goals of cooperation, but also to create clear and accessible channels of interaction. Secondly, if the methods of interaction are not developed enough, to ensure the real representation of the interests of communities will be impossible. Therefore, for example, the Welsh Treaty emphasizes the procedures that the state must take to ensure the possibility of a broad democratic representation of interests by non-governmental organizations. This includes, for example, the requirement to hold consultations with the sector on issues that may affect its interests. It also includes early warning of non-governmental organizations about possible policy changes and new developments, potential problems, as long as they are just emerging, providing sufficient time to conduct consultations, feedback on the outcome of consultations and opportunities for participation in policy implementation and evaluation. To effectively represent the interests of non-governmental organizations, all these issues need to be addressed (included in the treaty).

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