Papermaking as Potential Use of Fibers from Mexican Opuntia ficus-indica Waste

The papermaking potential of Opuntia ficus-indica (OFI) waste fibers was studied in this research. Alpha cellulose, lignin, hollocellulose, ethanol/benzene extractives and ash content were determined as 53.7±0.1%, 2.4±0.3%, 61.6±5.7%, 7.1±0.3% and 26.4±0.1%, respectively. The average fiber length, width, lumen and cell wall thickenss were found to be 1.1±0.3 mm, 18.8±6.1µm, 12.1±5.4 µm, 4.3±1.0 µm. Soda pulping was conducted using 20 and 28% sodium hydroxide, cooking temperatures of 160 and 175 °C, cooking times of 60 and 120 min, and liquor- to fiber ratio of 9:1. Soda pulping with 28% sodium hydroxide, 175 °C and 120 min showed a lower Kappa number of 29.60±1.7 and a total yield of 32.2±1.6 %. In general, tensile strength index (36.0±5.0 Nm/g), stretch (1.7±0.3%), breaking length (3.7±0.5 km), burst index (3.2±0.4 KPa.m2/g), tear index (7.3±0.0 mN.m2/g), folding endurance (166 times) and porosity (> 120 s) of OFI pulp were comparable with wood and non-wood pulps.

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Application of alkaline sulfite pulping on corn stalks

BioResources ◽

10.15376/biores.6.1.48-58 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 48-58

Author(s):

Ahmad Jahan Latibari ◽

Mohammad Ali Hossein ◽

Reza Hosseinpour

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Sodium Sulfite ◽

Total Yield ◽

Cooking Time ◽

Constant Time ◽

Treatment Combination ◽

Strength Evaluation ◽

Breaking Length ◽

Pulp Strength

Alkaline sulfite pulping of corn stalks was investigated to produce supplementary pulp for corrugating board manufacture. Three pulping temperatures (125, 145, and 165°C) and five active alkali charges (10, 12, 14, 16, and 18%) were used. Cooking time at 30 minutes, Na2SO3/ NaOH ratio at 50:50, and liquor to residue ratio of 8:1 were kept constant. The highest total yield (61.9%) was reached applying the treatment combination of 125°C and 10% active alkali, and the lowest total yield (42.5%) was related to 165°C and 16% chemical. The influence of sodium sulfite/sodium hydroxide ratios was studied applying different ratios (30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, and 70:30) at constant time and temperature of 30 minutes and 145°C respectively and 14 and 16% active alkali. Pulping condition; 16% active alkali, 30 minutes time, 145°C pulping temperature and varying ratios of sodium sulfite/sodium hydroxide were selected for pulp strength evaluation. The results of handsheet evaluation indicated that 16% active alkali, 30 minutes pulping at 145ºC and sodium sulfite/sodium hydroxide ratio of 50:50 is the optimum pulping condition for corn stalks. Tear, tensile, and burst indices and breaking length of this pulp were measured as 10.53 mN.m2g-1, 62.4 N.mg-1, 3.80 kPa.m2g-1, and 6.07 km, respectively.

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Organosolv pulping of olive tree trimmings by use of ethylene glycol/soda/water mixtures

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf.2004.017 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 58 (2) ◽

pp. 122-128 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

L. Jiménez ◽

A. Rodríguez ◽

M. J. Díaz ◽

F. López ◽

J. Ariza

Keyword(s):

Ethylene Glycol ◽

Olive Tree ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Capital Investments ◽

Kappa Index ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Solid Ratio ◽

Tear Index ◽

Soda Pulping ◽

Breaking Length

Abstract This paper reports on the influence of independent variables in the ethylene glycol/soda pulping of olive wood trimmings (165–195°C, 30–90 min, ethylene glycol concentration 5–15%, soda concentration 2.5–7.5% and liquid/solid ratio 4–6), on the yield and Kappa index of the pulps and the strength properties (breaking length, burst index and tear index) of paper sheets. By using a central composite factorial design, equations that relate each dependent variable to the different independent variables were obtained which reproduced the experimental results for the dependent variables with errors less than 12%. Using a temperature of 184°C, ethylene glycol and soda concentrations of 15% and 7%, respectively, a liquid/solid ratio of 5:1 and a cooking time of 30 min results in yield, Kappa index, breaking length, burst index and tear index values that depart by 14.3%, 8.2%, 17.1%, 17.0% and 2.3%, respectively, from their optimum levels. These conditions result in substantial savings in power consumption and immobilised capital investments as they involve a lower temperature, a lower liquid/solid ratio, and a shorter time than the maximum values tested.

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Passivation of pressure sensitive adhesive stickies by addition of acrylic fibers to OCC pulp before papermaking

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj15.10.631 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (10) ◽

pp. 631-639

Author(s):

MOHAMMAD HADI ARYAIE MONFARED ◽

HOSSEIN RESALATI ◽

ALI GHASEMIAN ◽

MARTIN A. HUBBE

Keyword(s):

Adverse Effects ◽

Control Sample ◽

Pressure Sensitive Adhesive ◽

Acrylic Fiber ◽

Burst Strength ◽

Pressure Sensitive Adhesives ◽

Pressure Sensitive ◽

Tear Index ◽

Breaking Length ◽

Acrylic Fibers

This study investigated the addition of acrylic fiber to old corrugated container (OCC) pulp as a possible means of overcoming adverse effects of water-based pressure sensitive adhesives during manufacture of paper or paperboard. Such adhesives can constitute a main source of stickies, which hurt the efficiency of the papermaking process and make tacky spots in the product. The highest amount of acrylic fiber added to recycled pulps generally resulted in a 77% reduction in accepted pulp microstickies. The addition of acrylic fibers also increased pulp freeness, tear index, burst strength, and breaking length, though there was a reduction in screen yield. Hence, in addition to controlling the adverse effects of stickies, the addition of acrylic fibers resulted in the improvement of the mechanical properties of paper compared with a control sample.

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Morphological, mechanical, and optical properties of cypress papers

Holzforschung ◽

10.1515/hf-2013-0125 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (8) ◽

pp. 867-874 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ofélia Anjos ◽

António J. A. Santos ◽

Rogério Simões ◽

Helena Pereira

Keyword(s):

Light Scattering ◽

Energy Demand ◽

Mechanical Performance ◽

Fibre Length ◽

Kraft Pulping ◽

Cupressus Lusitanica ◽

Tear Index ◽

Length Width ◽

Pulp Properties ◽

Pine Species

Abstract The pulping properties of cypress species are not known and the present paper aims to filling this gap. Namely, Cupressus lusitanica Mill., C. sempervirens L. and C. arizonica Greene have been submitted to kraft pulping and the pulp properties are compared with those of Pinus pinaster Aiton. and P. sylvestris Watereri as references. Schopper Riegler degree, density, Bekk’s smoothness, tensile index, tear index, burst index, stretch, dry zero-span strength, wet zero-span strength, brightness, opacity and light scattering coefficient have been tested. The pulp yields and delignification degrees of cypress woods were lower than those of the pine references. Fibre length, width and coarseness were statistically different between pines and cypress species and C. sempervirens pulps have corresponding data close to those of pine species. Cypress pulps can be refined much faster than pine pulps. The papers sheets of cypress fibres have, in general, lower mechanical performance than those of pine fibres. Papers from C. arizonica and C. lusitanica are similar and C. sempervirens has intermediate properties being between the other cypress and pine species. However, cypress fibres are relatively short, flexible and collapsible and can be refined with low energy demand, and thus could be incorporated into papers resulting in products with better light scattering and smoothness.

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Investigation of Kenaf Paper in the Presence of PVA for Transformers Application

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13215002 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (21) ◽

pp. 5002

Author(s):

Muhammad Umair ◽

Norhafiz Azis ◽

Rasmina Halis ◽

Jasronita Jasni

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Breakdown Voltage ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Weight Percentage ◽

Tear Index ◽

Soda Pulping ◽

Percentage Concentration ◽

Kenaf Bast Fibers ◽

Kenaf Bast ◽

Scanning Electron

This paper presents an investigation on the physio-mechanical properties and AC breakdown voltage of the Kenaf paper in the presence of Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) for transformers application. Kenaf bast fibers were used in order to produce the paper through the soda pulping process. The pulps were subjected to beating up to 12,000 revolutions, whereby the PVA was added to the pulps at a different weight percentage concentration up to 12%. Morphological study was carried out on the Kenaf paper based on Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The apparent density, Tensile Index (TI), Burst Index (BI), Tear Index (TeI), and AC breakdown voltage of the Kenaf paper were measured. It is found that the TI and BI of Kenaf paper can be slightly improved through the introduction of PVA. On other hand, the TeI of the Kenaf paper decreases with the increment of the PVA. The AC breakdown voltage of the Kenaf paper slightly increases with the increment of PVA weight percentage concentration.

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Study on technology of greaseproof paper for dry food packaging

Ministry of Science and Technology, Vietnam ◽

10.31276/vjst.63(3).55-59 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 63 (3) ◽

pp. 55-59

Author(s):

Van Son Cao ◽

◽

Thi Quynh Hoa Le ◽

Thi Thu Nguyet Do ◽

Thanh Tu Do ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Safety ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Laboratory Scale ◽

Experimental Production ◽

Machine Direction ◽

Research Results ◽

Cross Direction ◽

Tear Index ◽

Breaking Length ◽

Dry Food

This paper presents the research results that established the main technological conditions in the production of greaseproof paper, used as the packaging of dry food as the proportion of pulp types, the degree of the beating of pulp, the use of chemicals and oil and greaseproof resistant agent to the properties of the paper on a laboratory scale. At the same time, experimental production and technology conditions were regulated on a 3 ton/day capacity line. The paper quality produced is equivalent to the imported paper products of the same type which is consumed in the market: basis weight: 42.5 g/m2; tensile breaking length: MD (Machine Direction): 7,520 m, CD (Cross Direction): 3,740 m; tear index: MD: 6.8 mN.m2/g, CD: 5.4 mN.m2/g; burst index: 5.6 kPa.m2/g; Cobb60: 17.2 g/m2; KIT rating: 8; ensuring food safety and hygiene.

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Enhancement of processability, surface, and mechanical properties of paper based on rice straw pulp using biopolymers for packaging applications

TAPPI Journal ◽

10.32964/tj18.7.431 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (7) ◽

pp. 431-440

Author(s):

SHUBHANG BHARDWAJ ◽

NISHI KANT BHARDWAJ ◽

YUVRAJ SINGH NEGI

Keyword(s):

Rice Straw ◽

Suspended Solids ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Absorption Index ◽

Paper Machine ◽

Oxidized Starch ◽

Surface Sizing ◽

Tear Index ◽

Breaking Length ◽

Crush Strength

Two biopolymers, chitosan and oxidized starch, were used as wet-end additives to improve the strength properties of the paper because of their biodegradable and non-hazardous qualities. The present study reports the improvement in surface and strength properties of packaging-grade paper made with rice straw pulp using biopolymers, chitosan, oxidized starch, and surface sizing added at the wet end of the paper machine. Use of chitosan at all doses from 0.5 to 10 kg/ton enhanced important surface and strength properties of paper. The breaking length, tear index, burst index, ring crush strength, stretch, tensile energy absorption index, and Taber stiffness of the paper with 10 kg/ton of chitosan as a wet-end additive showed 22%, 14%, 20%, 59%, 16%, 44%, and 48% improvement, respectively, in comparison to control, (i.e, without its addition). The Cobb60 was also reduced by 45%, showing better resistance to water in comparison to rice straw paper alone. The effects of chitosan added at the wet end on the paper surface were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The use of 10 kg/ton of chitosan at the wet end reduced the color and total suspended solids in the back water of the papermaking system by 55% and 51%, respectively. Further enhancement in the surface and strength properties of paper was observed following surface sizing with oxidized starch.

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The effect of chip size and alkaline pre-hydrolysis conditions on following soda pulping of hornbeam wood

Drvna industrija ◽

10.5552/drvind.2019.1832 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 70 (4) ◽

pp. 329-336

Author(s):

Ahmad Jahan Latibari ◽

Abdulrahim Mohebalian ◽

Ajang Tajdini ◽

Shadman Pourmosua

Keyword(s):

Lignin Content ◽

Total Yield ◽

Strength Properties ◽

Test Methods ◽

Standard Test ◽

Cellulose Content ◽

Hemicellulose Removal ◽

Soda Pulping ◽

Chip Size ◽

The Impact

The impact of chip size and hydrolysis temperature on changing chemical composition of hornbeam wood and following soda pulping is investigated. Three chip sizes, two temperatures (60 and 90 °C) and 120 minutes retention time in pre-hydrolysis step were selected. After pre-hydrolysis treatment, the sample was divided into two portions; one third was used for chemical analysis and the other two thirds for soda pulping. The reference soda pulping conditions were used on either treated or untreated chips. The influence of pre-hydrolysis was determined measuring cellulose and lignin content, residual alkali and the hemicelluloses removal. The lignin and cellulose content were marginally increased and the hemicellulose removal was higher at larger chip size. Total yield and rejects, kappa number and strength properties of the unbleached pulp were measured using corresponding Tappi standard test methods. The pulping total yield and rejects of the treated chips varied between 30.31 % and 48.14 % and 0.83 % to 7.31 %, respectively. The reject from soda pulping of untreated chips was 24.16. Prehydrolysis treatment reduced the tensile index, but the tear index was only marginally improved.

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VEGETATIVE AND REPRODUCTIVE GROWTH OF DETERMINATE TOMATOES AS INFLUENCED BY APPLICATIONS OF ETHEPHON, DCIB, NAA AND SADH AT THE SIX-CLUSTER STAGE

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps74-131 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (4) ◽

pp. 777-782 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. A. VELIATH ◽

A. C. FERGUSON

Keyword(s):

Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽

Phosphonic Acid ◽

Fruit Set ◽

Total Yield ◽

Fruit Size ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Reproductive Growth ◽

Vegetative And Reproductive Growth ◽

Potential Use ◽

Fruit Load

In an attempt to control fruit set and thereby increase fruit size, 2-(chloroethyl) phosphonic acid (ethephon), sodium 2,3-dichloroisobutyrate (DCIB), naphthaleueacetic acid (NAA) and N-dimethylaminosuccinamic acid (SADH) were applied as sprays to plants of the determinate tomato Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. ’Summit’ when fruit was set on six clusters. In comparison, one set of plants was deblossomed manually after the six-cluster stage, and another untreated. Although none of the chemicals provided perfect control of fruit load, NAA (100 ppm), SADH (4,000 ppm) + NAA (100 ppm), DCIB (4,000 ppm) + ethephon (500 ppm) and DCIB (6,000 ppm) were approximately 81, 77, 75 and 73% effective, respectively, in reducing fruit load. However, decreases in fruit load were not accompanied by corresponding increases in fruit size. In all probability, this was due to the impairment of normal growth by the chemicals. Several of the treatments produced substantial increases in early and total yield, by maturing a greater number of fruits and thus may be of potential use to commercial growers.

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Research on Refining Process of Synthetic Folic Acid

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.549.74 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 549 ◽

pp. 74-77 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xue Song Liang ◽

Chao Hua Ma ◽

Pei Xin Li ◽

Xiao Lian Liu ◽

Feng Qing Zhao

Keyword(s):

Folic Acid ◽

Sulfuric Acid ◽

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Alkali Treatment ◽

Total Yield ◽

Refining Process ◽

Higher Temperature

This article is mainly to investigate the factors on the refining process of folic acid. The appropriate refining process (complex refining combined acid followed by alkali treatment) was proposed. The synthetic crude folic acid was treated firstly with sulfuric acid with the concentration of 30%, then re-purified with sodium hydroxide to give folic acid with the purity of 97% and total yield of 51.3%. Higher temperature (80-100°C) is desired for the crystallization of folic acid. The product treated in this process meets the requirements of CP, USP and BP.

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