scholarly journals Effect of variety, seed rate and row spacing on the growth and yield of rice in Bauchi, Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (59) ◽  
pp. 8155-8166
Author(s):  
AA Garba ◽  
◽  
BA Mahmoud ◽  
Y Adamu ◽  
U Ibrahim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Split Plot ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Field experiments were conducted at Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University, Fadama Farm Bauchi, during the rainy seasons of 2006 and 2007 to study the effects of variety, seeding rate and row spacing on growth and yield of rice. Two varieties of rice; Ex – China (Indigenous and upland/lowland) and NERICA-1 (improved and upland), three seeding rates (32, 54 and 75 kg/ha) and four row spacings (15, 20, 25 and broadcast) were used during the study. The treatments were combined and laid in a split – split plot design with three replications. Variety was placed in the main plot, seeding rate in the sub plot while row spacing was placed in sub –sub plot. Data were collected on parameters such as plant height, number of tillers per plant, spikes per hill, spikelets per spike and number of seeds per spike, seed weight per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 and analyzed using analysis of variance procedure for split – split plot and significant differences among the treatment means were separated using the Duncan multiple range test (DMRT). Variety Ex-China produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of tillers per plant and spikes per hill. However, NERICA-1 produced significantly (P<0.05) higher numbers of spikelets per spike, seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield in kg ha-1 than Ex-China. Row spacings of 15, 20 and 25cm also had significant effects on the number of tillers per plant, number of spikes per hill, number of spikelets per spike, number of seeds per spike, weight of seed per spike, weight of seed per hill, 1000 grain weight and yield kg ha-1 over the control. From the factors studied, seeding rate did not show any significant difference during the two years of investigation. Interactions were also observed among the factors studied. Therefore, row spacings irrespective of the method used, or hole planting of rice could be more appropriate for optimum grain yield.

Effects of fungal diseases on linseed (Linum usitatissimum) growth and yield, 1988–1990

1993 ◽  
Vol 120 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. D. L. Fitt ◽  
A. W. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Linum Usitatissimum ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Fungal Diseases ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Seed Treatments ◽  
Alternaria Linicola ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SUMMARYEffects of diseases on growth and yield of linseed (cv. Antares) were assessed by controlling diseases with fungicide treatments in field experiments at Rothamsted from 1988 to 1990. Fungicide seed treatments decreased the incidence of Alternaria lesions on cotyledons and stem bases of emerging seedlings in 1989 but decreased emergence in 1990. The incidenceof leaf browning, associated with Alternaria spp. and Botrytis cinerea, was less in 1989 and 1990 than in 1988 when the period, in July, between flowering and harvest was wet, but the incidence of powdery mildew was greater in 1989 and 1990 than in 1988. Fungicide spraysdecreased leaf browning in 1988 and powdery mildew in 1990. In 1988 there were more capsules per plant and the crop was taller than in either 1990 or 1989, when July and August were hot withperiods of dry weather. The incidence of plants with dark brown stems, associated with Verticillhun dahliae, was greater in 1989 and 1990 than in 1988, but was not greatly affected byfungicide treatments. The incidence of Alternaria linicola on sepals, capsule cases and seed from capsules sampled before harvest was decreased by fungicide treatments. Other fungi isolated from these tissues included A. alternata, A. infectoria, B. cinerea, Fusarium spp. and V. dahliae. Yields of grain and oil were increased by fungicide treatments in all three years, but the yield increases were greatest in 1988 when fungicide treatments also increased 1000-grain weight. The incidence of fungi on the harvested seed was not greatly affected by fungicide treatments.

scholarly journals Effect of seed rate and row spacing on grain yield of sorghum

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
MR Gondal ◽  
A Hussain ◽  
S Yasin ◽  
M Musa ◽  
HS Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment to investigate the effect of seed rate (5, 7.5, 10, 12.5 and 15 kg ha-1) and row spacing (30, 45 and 60cm) on agronomic characteristics of plants including stem densitym-2, plant height, stem diameter, number of heads m-2, number of heads per plant, number of grains per head, 1000-grain weight and grain yield was conducted using the cultivar “Sorghum 2011” for two years 2016 and 2017. Seed rates and row spacing had significant effect on plant height, plant density m-2, number of heads m-2, number of grains per head and grain yield. Row spacing had non-significant effect on stem diameter, number of heads per plant and 1000-grain weight. Row spacing at 30 cm produced the highest number of plants m-2 and plant height. Plant height increased with increase in seed rate in all the row spacing. Stem diameter decreased with increase in the seed rate and row spacing. Narrow row spacing (30 cm) and low seeding rate (5 kg ha-1) produced the maximum grain yield consistently during both years. Lower yields were recorded in the treatments having greater row spacing (60 cm) and higher seed rates (7.5, 10, 12.5 & 15 kg ha-1). Higher seed rates and wider row spacing induced morphological changes rendering plants to lodging.SAARC J. Agri., 15(2): 81-91 (2017)

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Field Pea (Pisum sativum L.) To Gamma Irradiation Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-35
Author(s):  
Abdul Majeed ◽  
Zahir Muhammad ◽  
Rehman Ullah
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Gamma Irradiation ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Dry Biomass ◽  
Irradiation Stress ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Number Of Seeds

Abstract Ionizing radiation has extensive applications in agriculture for inducing mutagenic changes in major field crops, potential breeding purposes, varietal development and crop improvement. This study was conducted to test the efficacy of 0.8, 1.6, 2.4 and 3.6 kGy gamma irradiation doses (Cobalt-60) upon growth and yield performance of edible pea (Pisum sativum L.) in pot culture experiment during 2009. Results demonstrated that higher radiation doses (1.6 and 3.2 kGy) significantly influenced the studied attributes of P. sativum. It was observed that 3.2 kGy had detrimental effects on shoot and pod lengths of pea which were reduced by 14.60 and 17.71 % respectively when compared to control. Differential response of the number of seeds pod−1, 1000 grain weight and dry biomass of pea were recorded at the applied doses. Significant reduction in number of seeds (−14.21 %) but increase in 1000 grain weight (+13.93 %) and dry biomass (+11.32 %) of pea were recorded at 1.6 kGy which revealed stimulatory effects on grain weight and dry biomass. Conversely, radiation dose 3.2 kGy was found detrimental to all the studied parameters except number of pods plant−1 and number of seeds pod−1 which were not affected.

scholarly journals ПРОДУКТИВНІСТЬ ПШЕНИЦІ ОЗИМОЇ ЗАЛЕЖНО ВІД СТРОКУ СІВБИ ТА НОРМИ ВИСІВУ ПІСЛЯ РІПАКУ ОЗИМОГО В УМОВАХ СТЕПУ

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Gyrka ◽  
O. O. Pedash ◽  
I. O. Kulyk ◽  
O. O. Viniukov ◽  
V. A. Ischenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Winter Rape ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

<p>The effect of sowing time and seeding rate on productivity of winter wheat after unusual predecessor – winter rape was investigated. Results of studies indicates, that number of plants per unit area, their productive tillering, grain weight per spike, number of grains per spike had higher values at the optimum sowing time, which in our experiments was on September, 20. Delay in planting until September, 30, and even more, till October, 10 negatively impacted primarily the stand density of plants, their productive tillering, grain content per spike, grain weight per spike and 1000 grain weight. During the research, the highest yield of winter wheat (5.23 t/ha) was obtained in plots where sowing was carried out on September, 20 with seeding rate at 5 and 6 million/ha. The sowing in earlier (September, 10) and later (September, 30) period led to decrease of crop yields at 0.41 and 0.49 t/ha respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Residual Effect of Poultry Manure and Mineral N Application on Maize Production under Wheat-Maize Cropping System

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (9) ◽  
pp. 1061
Author(s):  
Syed Azam Shah ◽  
Wisal Mohammad ◽  
Haroon Haroon ◽  
Adnan Anwar Khan
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poultry Manure ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Silty Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

The study was designed to asses the residual effect of organic N (Poultry Manure) and mineral N on maize crop in field experiments carried out on silty clay loam soil at NIFA, Tarnab, Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan during 2014-15. Combined dose of N from both sources were 120 kg ha-1 applied to wheat crop alone and in different combination making six treatments. Maize variety (Azam) was sown in Randomized complete block (RCB) design with four replications. Agronomic data, grains ear-1, 1000 grain weight, biomass grain yield data, N-uptake in maize grain and straw were recorded. Results showed that maximum grain ear−1, 1000 grain weight, biomass and grain yield was obtained from treatment where 25% N applied from poultry manure + 75% from mineral N source applied to previous wheat crop. Agronomic efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were also found maximum in treatment where 75% poultry manure + 25% mineral N was applied. It was concluded from the study that residual effect of organic manure with mineral N in different ratios enhances crop productivity and soil fertility.

scholarly journals Comparative study of different organic mulches for increased wheat productivity district Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Raza ◽  
Muhammad Nawaz ◽  
Muhammad U. Chattha ◽  
Imran Khan ◽  
Muhammad B. Chattha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Straw Mulch ◽  
Nitrogen Levels ◽  
Major Threat ◽  
Biological Yield ◽  
1000 Grain Weight ◽  
Sorghum Straw

Weeds are major threat to global wheat production and cause serious threat to food security. Likewise, water scarcity is also a major threat to food production and its intensity is continuously soaring up across the globe. Organic mulches have potential to reduce weeds growth and conserve the soil moisture thus ensures the better crop growth and yield. Therefore, present study was conducted to compare the performance of different organic mulches in improving wheat growth and productivity. The study was comprised of different organic mulches; M1= No mulch (control) M2= maize straw mulch, M3= wheat straw mulch, M4= sorghum straw mulch and M5= rice straw mulch and three nitrogen levels N1 = 90 kg, N2 = 120 kg and N3= 150 kg/ha. The results indicated that both organic mulches and N rates had significant impact on growth, and yield traits. The maximum leaf area index (LAI), crop growth rate (CGR), productive tillers (307 m-2), grains/spike (46.22), 1000 grain weight (42.33 g) biological yield (13.76 t/ha) and grain yield 4.75 t/ha was obtained with sorghum straw mulch and minimum productive tillers (255.33 m-2), grains/spike (36.22), biological yield (11.46 t/ha) and grain yield (3.59 t/ha) was recorded in no mulch (control). Among nitrogen levels maximum productive tillers (290.6 m-2), grains/spike (42.80), 1000 grain weight (40.65 g), biological yield (13.44 t/ha) and grain yield (4.32 t/ha) was obtained with 150 kg/ha N and minimum productive tillers (274 m-2), grains/spike (38.13), 1000 grain weight (36.94 g) biological yield (11.98 t/ha) and grain yield (3.90 t/ha) was obtained with 90 N kg/ha. Thus, farmers can use sorghum straw mulch and N (150 kg ha-1) to improve the wheat productivity. However, farmers must be educated by government institute and adoptive research farms in order to understand and adaption of this approach.

Integrated Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Management Affects Spring Barley (Hordeum vulgare) Yield and Economics

1992 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
David L. Barton ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Bahman Shafii
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Integrated Control ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Barley Grain ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Net Return

The effect of barley seeding rate and row spacing, and triallate, diclofop, and difenzoquat herbicide rate on barley grain yield and quality, and wild oat control were evaluated in field experiments near Bonners Ferry, Idaho, in 1989 and 1990. The purpose of the study was to develop integrated control strategies for wild oat in spring barley. Barley row spacing (9 and 18 cm) did not affect barley grain yield. Barley grain yield was greatest when barley was seeded at 134 or 201 kg ha–1compared to 67 kg ha–1. Wild oat control increased as wild oat herbicide rate increased and barley grain yield was greatest when wild oat herbicides were applied. However, barley grain yield was similar when wild oat biomass was reduced by either 65 or 85% by applications of half and full herbicide rates, respectively. Net return was greatest when the half rate of herbicide was applied to 100 wild oat plants per m2and was greatest when half or full herbicide rates were applied to 290 wild oat plants per m2. Net return increased when the seeding rate was increased to 134 or 201 kg ha–1when no herbicide was applied and when 290 wild oat plants per m2were present.

Weed Management in Minimum-Tillage Peanuts (Arachis hypogaea) as Influenced by Cultivar, Row Spacing, and Herbicides

Weed Science ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje ◽  
Mike Patterson ◽  
Robert H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Minimum Tillage ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Peanut Production

Field experiments were conducted in 1982 and 1983 on a Dothan sandy loam (Plinthic Paleudult) at Headland, AL, to investigate minimum-tillage production of peanuts (Arachis hypogaeaL.). The experiments included two peanut varieties: a) ‘Pronto’ (an earlier maturing Spanish type), and b) ‘Florunner’ (a later maturing runner type). Two row-spacing patterns were used: a) conventional 91-cm rows, and b) a modified twin 18-cm row pattern. A constant seeding rate (140 kg/ha) was used regardless of row spacing. Six herbicide systems were evaluated within each combination of variety and row spacing. The Florunner variety outyielded the Pronto variety across both years and weed management systems. Modified twin 18-cm rows outyielded conventional 91-cm rows across years and peanut varieties. Two of the six weed management systems were successful: 1) paraquat (1,1’-dimethyl-4,4’-bipyridinium ion) + oryzalin (3,5-dinitro-N4,N4-dipropylsulfanilamide) (preemergence), paraquat (ground cracking), naptalam (N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid) + dinoseb (2-sec-butyl-4,6-dinitrophenol) (postemergence); and 2) paraquat + pendimethalin [N-(1-ethylpropyl-3,4-dimethyl-2,6-dinitrobenzenamine] (preemergence), acetochlor [2-chloro-N(ethoxymethyl)-6’-ethyl-o-acetotoluidide] + dinoseb (ground cracking), and cyanazine {2-[[4-chloro-6-(ethylamino)-s-triazine-2-yl]amino]-2-methylpropionitrile} (early postdirected spray). Both systems provided the best overall control of Texas panicum (Panicum texanumBuckl. ♯ PANTE), Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum(Sw.) DC. ♯ DEDTO], and sicklepod (Cassia obtusifoliaL. ♯ CASOB) and were acceptable for use in minimum-tillage peanut production.

Seeding Date, Seeding Rate, and Row Spacing Affect Wheat (Triticum aestivum) and Cheat (Bromus secalinus)

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 707-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Koscelny ◽  
Thomas F. Peeper ◽  
John B. Solie ◽  
Stanley G. Solomon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Infestation Level ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seeding Date ◽  
Bromus Secalinus ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

Field experiments were conducted in Oklahoma to determine the effects of winter wheat seeding date and cheat infestation level on cultural cheat control obtained by increasing winter wheat seeding rates and decreasing row spacing. Seeding rate and row spacing interactions influenced cheat density, biomass, or seed in harvested wheat (dockage) at two of three locations. Suppressive effects on cheat of increasing wheat seeding rates and reduced row spacings were greater in wheat seeded in September than later. At two other locations, increasing seeding rate from 67 to 101 kg ha–1or reducing row spacings from 22.5 to 15 cm increased winter wheat yield over a range of cheat infestation levels.

Assessing barley (Hordeum vulgare) response to clipping in the semi-arid Mediterranean climate

2004 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
M. K. J. El-Shatnawi ◽  
N. I. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Pot Trials ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Greenhouse pot trials and field experiments were carried out under rain-fed condition in north-eastern Jordan during 1997–98 and 1998–99 growing seasons, to test 3 barley genotypes for their suitability for both forage and grain production. The varieties Rehani and ACSAD176 produced higher forage yields than Rum. In the field, clipping reduced subsequent grain yield per plant by about 18%, lowering grain weight of the main spike from 2.3�g in the control to 1.8 g in the clipped plants. Clipping increased tiller density of barley plants in the field. Decreases in grain yield following clipping could also be attributed to reductions in the number of grains per spike. Clipping decreased the number of grains per spike by about 9% by reducing the number of spikelets per spike. Cutting reduced 1000-grain weight by about 9%. Clipping induced changes in the relative importance of yield components influencing subsequent grain yield. The yield components reduced by clipping were the most important contributors to loss of grain yield.

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