scholarly journals Research of the process of receiving and preparing for to use of ecologically pure biofuel on the basis of tall oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 97-103
Author(s):  
A.N. Ivankin ◽  
◽  
A.N. Zarubinа ◽  
G.L. Oliferenko ◽  
A.S. Kuleznev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
General Scheme ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Organic Substances ◽  
Tall Oil

The article discusses the scientific and technical issues of the methodology for producing liquid biofuel from renewable raw materials of plant origin. As raw materials used wastes from the production of pulp and paper mills — tall oil. The purpose of the work was to study the process of obtaining and determining ways to use the product. The optimal conditions for obtaining biodiesel are determined. The processing of raw materials was carried out by heating it with methanol in a ratio of 1:0,3 at a temperature of 50–65 °C for 2 hours in the presence of 2 % catalyst. The product, after separation of the resulting intermediate, was finally washed with water from the catalyst residues. The process was controlled spectrophotometrically. Using gas-liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection, the complete chemical composition of the used raw materials of various degrees of purification was established. It is shown that the main content in the processed oil is represented by natural lipids. Their fatty acid composition is described, comprising more than thirty C10–C24 fatty acids. A general scheme for producing biodiesel, which is a mixture of fatty acid alkyl esters, has been developed. The product was obtained by chemical transformation in the presence of acid catalysts, followed by the formation of fatty acid methyl esters. The component composition of the obtained product, biodiesel, was studied and it was shown that it consists of a mixture of methyl esters of fatty acids more than 95 %. In biodiesel, more than two hundred organic substances are also contained in the form of an insignificant amount of microimpurities. Their number fluctuated around 0,001 %. The basic physico-chemical characteristics of the obtained biodiesel are described in comparison with international requirements for biofuels. The analyzed product samples obtained from distilled TM, according to mass spectrometry, did not contain harmful impurities bromine, iodine, phosphorus and sulfur-substituted compounds. The total content of chlorine-substituted organic substances in all samples did not exceed 0,07 ± 0,02 %, and N-substituted derivatives did not exceed 0,05 ± 0,01 %, which indicates a rather high ecological purity of bitumen fuel. The main directions of the possible use of the product as liquid fuel for mini-boiler nozzles, as well as for operation in conventional diesel engines, are determined.

FATTY ACID COMPOSITION OF NORMAL MINK TISSUES

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Walker ◽  
V. F. Lishchenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Essential Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Healthy Female ◽  
Kidney Liver ◽  
Layer Chromatography ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Lipids, extracted from the adrenals, brain, erythrocytes, heart, kidney, liver, plasma, and spleen of normal healthy female mink, were transesterified with 1% sulphuric acid in methanol, and the resulting methyl esters were analyzed by gas–liquid chromatography after purification by thin-layer chromatography. All of the tissues examined contained higher concentrations of unsaturated than of saturated acids, the highest levels of unsaturated acids occurring in the lipids of heart, adrenals, and plasma, and of the essential fatty acids (ω6 series, with six carbon atoms after last double bond) in plasma, erythrocyte, and kidney lipids. The fatty acid compositions of mink tissues resemble those reported in the literature for the rat; detailed comparisons are not possible because of the known influence of dietary factors on tissue fatty acids.

scholarly journals Quantification of Seed Oil Content and Fatty Acid Profile of Jatropha cucas L. from Guizhou, China

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Hamidou SENOU ◽  
Cai X. ZHENG ◽  
Gabriel SAMAKE ◽  
Mamadou B. TRAORE ◽  
Fousseni FOLEGA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Seed Oils ◽  
Fatty Acids Composition

<p class="1Body">The methyl esters of fatty acids composition of the oil from <em>jatropha curcas</em> seeds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometer GC-MS. Fourteen components were found to be representative with 99.52% of the total content of seed oils. The main constituents were unsaturated fatty acids (71.93%) and saturated fatty acids (27.59%). For the saturated fatty acids composition such as palmitic and stearic acid, the rate was 15.80% and 10.79%, respectively. Linoleic acid (39.58%) and oleic acid (30.41%) were obtained in highest concentration among the unsaturated fatty acids identified in the seeds oil of <em>Jatropha curcas</em> from Guizhou. This value also justifies the fluidity of the oil at room temperature. A high percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids (39.58%) and a slightly lower rate of monounsaturated fatty acids (32.35%) were also observed. The seed oils profile of Guizhou <em>Jatropha curcas</em> presents the desirable fatty acid C14 to C18 and interesting features for the biodiesel production.</p>

scholarly journals FATTY-ACID COMPOSITION OF WINTER CAMELINA DEPENDING ON THE REGION OF CULTIVATION

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
pp. 152-160
Author(s):  
T.Ya. Prakhova ◽  
◽  
E.L. Turina ◽  
V.A. Prakhov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Cultivation Conditions ◽  
The Crimea

Camelina sylvestris (L.) Crantz. is a valuable oilseed known due to the vegetable oil used in human nutrition and industrial production. The current research is aimed to assess the content of fatty acids in Camelina sylvestris oilseeds depending on the hydrothermal cultivation conditions. Seeds of winter camelina variety ‘Penzyak’ grown in the Penza region and steppe Crimea in 2017–2019 served as the object of the research. In 2017, arid conditions were recorded in the Crimea, Selyaninov Hydrothermal Coefficient (HTC) = 0.61. In the Penza region, on the contrary, the level of moisture in 2017 was moderate, HTC = 1.10. Weather conditions in 2019 were characterized as arid in both regions; HTC was 0.63 and 0.60. In 2018, in the Crimea and Penza, HTC was 0.23 and 0.45, respectively. The soils of the experimental plots – chernozems leached (Penza) and southern low-humic (Crimea). Fatty acid methyl esters were isolated and analyzed according to GOST R 51 486–99. The concentration of oleic and linoleic acids increased in seeds grown in the Crimea and amounted to 15.50–18.56 % and 18.08–19.58 %. In the colder region (Penza), the content of these acids decreased to 11.90–14.82 and 16.12–17.10 %, respectively. The highest content of linolenic acid was in oilseeds from the Penza region and amounted to 36.80–38.50 %, which was 4.94–6.40 % higher than the content of linolenic acid in oilseeds from the Crimea. The content of erucic acid in the Camelina sylvestris (L.) Crantz. from both regions was 2.81–2.94 %. The coefficient of variation of this acid was 1.59 %. Linolenic and oleic acids are the most susceptible to changes in cultivation conditions, coefficient of variation – 10.08 and 16.32 %, respectively. The total content of polyunsaturated fatty acids was high and averaged 52.4–54.6 %. The highest concentration was noted in oilseeds from Penza, which exceeded that of from the Crimea by 2.2 %. The content of ω-9 fatty acids ranged from 33.7 % (Penza) to 35.9 % (Crimea) and was characterized by a low coefficient of variation – 4.14 %. The range of variation of ω-3 and ω-6 acid, on average, was 6.32–7.81 %. Their content was 31.5 and 20.9 % in oilseeds from the Crimea and 35.5 and 19.1 % in oilseeds from Penza. The ratio between omega-6 and omega-3 acids is 1.8:1.

scholarly journals Gas chromatographic characterization of mycobacteria: analysis of fatty acids and trifluoroacetylated whole-cell methanolysates

1976 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-85
Author(s):  
L Larsson ◽  
P A Mårdh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Whole Cell ◽  
Chromatographic Characterization ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Potential Tool

Mycobacterium avium, M. bovis strain Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG), M. kansasii, and M. tuberculosis were studied by gas-liquid chromatography. Methylated fatty acids of the mycobacterial lipids and trifluoroacetyl (TFA) derivatives of whole-cell methanolysates were analyzed. Both the fatty acid and the TFA chromatograms showed reproducible differences between the various mycobacteria studied. Chromatograms from different strains of one and the same species showed negligible differences. Fatty acid methyl esters and TFA methyl glycosides are probably the main constituents of the TFA chromatograms. TFA derivatives are easily prepared and the method provides a potential tool for species indentification of mycobacteria.

scholarly journals YELLOW PITAYA (HYLOCEREUS MEGALANTHUS) FATTY ACIDS COMPOSITION FROM ECUADORIAN AMAZONIA

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 218
Author(s):  
Altuna Jl ◽  
Silva M ◽  
Alvarez M ◽  
Quinteros Mf ◽  
Morales D ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Vaccenic Acid ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Omega 6 ◽  
Abundant Fatty Acid ◽  
Amazonian Region ◽  
Good Proportion

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the composition of methyl esters fatty acids (FAMEs) in yellow pitaya (Hylocereus megalanthus) seeds cultivated in the Palora, Ecuador Amazonian region.Methods: Yellow pitaya oil was obtained from yellow pitaya seeds using the Soxhlet technique. FAMEs identification and quantification were carried out using the gas chromatography (GC) with mass spectrometry (MS) and the database Library NIST14.L to identify the FAMEs present in yellow pitaya oil.Results: Yellow pitaya oil from Ecuador Amazonian region was analyzed by GC-MS, to obtain the five main fatty acids, palmitic acid (11.52%), stearic acid (4.29%), oleic acid (11.09%), vaccenic acid (3.08%), and linoleic acid (69.98%). Omega 6 was the most abundant fatty acid, total content in yellow pitaya seeds oil.Conclusions: Yellow pitaya seeds content a good proportion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega 6). For their fatty acid composition, yellow pitaya seeds can be considered as healthy food and can be used in the food industry for different purposes. Regular consumption of yellow pitaya can improve human health.

scholarly journals The development of technology of dairy-vegetative dessert with functional additives

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (90) ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
L. Telezhenko ◽  
I. Bilenka ◽  
O. Zolovska ◽  
N. Lazarenko
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Jerusalem Artichoke ◽  
Total Content ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Cottage Cheese ◽  
Cyperus Esculentus ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Functional Additives

The article component composition of creamy dessert with whipped consistence on the basis of cottage cheese using alternative plant raw materials – chufa and Jerusalem artichoke tubers or honey was established and proved. This allowed to obtain finished product with low glycemic index. The possibility of using the chufa is shown (earth almond), as a carrier of mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids (which make up about 82% of the total content), allows to receive desserts with recommended composition of fatty acids. It is shown that preliminary processing of chufa to finely ground semi-product is advisable for its uniform distribution through the dessert volume and formation of its homogeneous whip consistence. A comprehensive two-stage method for chufa preprocessing is developed, which allows to provide products with necessary technological and organoleptic properties. These studies considered for selection of scientifically sound processing modes Cyperus esculentus L. According to the research was the method of cleaning Cyperus esculentus L. Crushed Cyperus esculentus L. recommended for further use in desserts. It is shown that applying of artichoke processing to candied fruits is appropriate for provision of the necessary properties of artichoke flavor while maintaining preventive properties of fructooligosacharides of  tubers. A new technological approach for producing candied fruits is developed, which yielded a product with a reduced content of mono-and disaccharides, if the inulin of raw materials is preserved. The model of technological system of milk and vegetable dessert making is developed, which allows developing qualitative principle technological schemes of production of dessert with functional additives. The recipe composition and principal technological scheme of production of dairy-vegetative desserts are developed. The influence of technological factors and recipe composition on rheological, microbiological and organoleptic quality of desserts is observed. The article analyzes the nutritional value of dessert with functional additives. The regulatory documentation is developed. New technologies are implemented in restaurant enterprises.

scholarly journals Minor components determination of tall oil-based biofuels that affect environment during combustion

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-99
Author(s):  
A.N. Ivankin ◽  
◽  
A.N. Zarubina ◽  
A.C. Kuleznev ◽  
A.N. Zenkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Data ◽  
Minor Components ◽  
Tall Oil ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Natural Origin

The results of determining the components of biofuel obtained from tall oil by transesterification in the presence of methanol are presented. It is shown that the main components of the feedstock and product based on it are natural fatty acids and their derivatives, the total mass fraction of which can be more than 80 %. The composition of the used raw material and the product of its processing — a mixture of FA methyl esters, contains impurities of organic compounds of natural origin, the amount of which ranges from 0,001 to 3 %. It is expedient to determine lipid components with an accuracy of ± 20 % by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection, which establishes the presence of individual FAs in the mixture at a level from 0,1 to 40 %. Analysis of the composition of minor components with a low content from 0,001 to 0,1 % can be carried out by chromatography with a mass-selective detector. It is shown that a lot of organic compounds of natural origin are found in the biofuel product, the list of which includes substituted derivatives of amines, heteroalcohols, alkenes, oxiranes, acetals. The product is obtained from vegetable raw materials and contains residues of biochemical substances of wood origin. The total amount of such compounds with chromatographic mobility up to 10 min, 10…20 min, and more than 20 min in the analysis did not exceed 1,5…2 %. The minimum concentration of some compounds was less than 0,001 % of the total components. The analyzed biodiesel samples obtained from distilled TM did not contain, according to the mass spectrometry data, harmful impurities of bromine, iodine, phosphorus and sulfur-substituted organic compounds. In the work, the conditions for determining the complete pool of minor compounds were selected, and the influence of the composition of analytes on the analysis result was discussed. A conclusion is made about the potential environmental safety of liquid biofuel based on HM due to its component composition, which provides generally safe fuel combustion in engines of technical devices.

scholarly journals ЖИРНОКИСЛОТНИЙ СКЛАД МІОКАРДУ ГУСЕЙ ЗА ДІЇ ВІКАСОЛУ

2019 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-38
Author(s):  
O. V. Yakoviichuk ◽  
O. O. Danchenko ◽  
M. M. Danchenko ◽  
A. S. Fedorko ◽  
I. O. Kulyk
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Total Content ◽  
The Body ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Entire Spectrum ◽  
The Given

In science vicasol is known to be relative to the energy and antioxidant systems of tissues closely related to the biosynthesis and oxidation of fatty acids. This effect may cause changes in the fatty acid composition of tissues, and numerous works on the positive effect of quinones and their derivatives on the myocardial function, suggest that the proper dose and feeding can increase the stability and productivity of poultry. The given was aims to study the effect of vicasol on the fatty acid composition of goose myocardium. Myocardium was chosen as a biological object. Biological material was collected every 7 days throughout the period from the 21st to the 35th day of ontogeny, characterized by the state of physiological tension of geese. Feeding of geese with vicasol at a dose of 0.7 mg / kg body weight began with the 3rd day of ontogeny. Fatty acid analysis in myocardial tissues was performed by gas-liquid chromatography, pre-fabric samples were processed with the method by Palmer (1971) to obtain tissue lipid extracts. According to the results of the study, due to various changes in the content of the entire spectrum of fatty acids of the tissue during the experiment - the use of vicasol causes a slight increase in the unsaturation and the total content of unsaturated fatty acids in the myocardium of geese. These fluctuations are realized depending on the physiological state of the body. where vicasol can stimulate both the biosynthesis processes of individual fatty acids and their mitochondrial and microsomal oxidation, as evidenced by multidirectional reliable changes in the content of their entire spectrum. In particular, on the 21st day, the content of docosopentaenoic acid increased by 36.3% whereas the content of docosohexaenoic and linolenic acids decreased by an average of 21–24%, on the 28th day the content of eicosatetraic and docosahexaenoic acids increased whereas the content of the linoleic acids dropped by 22.6% in control groups. On the 35th day, the content of basic unsaturated fatty acids: palmitooleic, linoleic, linolenic and docosohexaenoic acids increased in the tissue under the influence of vicasol with complete depletion of docosopentaenoic acid. These fluctuations in fatty acid composition cause a slight increase in the total content of unsaturated fatty acids and increase the unsaturation of myocardial lipids on the 28th and 35th days of ontogeny of geese. Based on previous results regarding the antioxidant state of myocardium affected by vicasol and the given findings, which prove changes in the content of the entire spectrum of fatty acids during the selected ontogeny, vicasol can be used in poultry farming as a tool to improve the quality and the resilience of poultry.

scholarly journals Breast milk fatty acids in mothers of children with atopic eczema

1989 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 693-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Wright ◽  
Colin Bolton
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Atopic Eczema ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Gas Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Milk Lipid

The total lipid fatty acid composition of mature breast milk has been analysed in a group of twenty-five mothers of children with atopic eczema, and compared with breast milk from twenty-two controls. Total lipids were extracted into chloroform–methanol (2:1, v/v) and the methyl esters prepared by alkali-catalysed trans-esterification were separated by gas–liquid chromatography and identified by comparison with standard fatty acid methyl esters. Results show that mothers of children with atopic eczema have a significantly greater proportion of linoleic acid, and a smaller proportion of dihomo-γ-linolenic acid in their total breast milk lipid than the controls. Proportions of total derived fatty acids were similar between groups and there were no differences in the principal saturated and monounsaturated fats. It was concluded that mothers of children with atopic eczema have an abnormal breast-milk fatty acid composition. This supports previous evidence of a defect of conversion of linoleic acid into its long-chain polyunsaturated metabolites in the condition.

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