The hormonal mechanism of heat stress effect on the carbohydrate metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster females

Rapamycin is a powerful inhibitor of the TOR (Target of Rapamycin) pathway, which is an evolutionarily conserved protein kinase, that plays a central role in plants and animals. Rapamycin is used globally as an immunosuppressant and as an anti-aging medicine. Despite widespread use, treatment efficiency varies considerably across patients, and little is known about potential side effects. Here we seek to investigate the effects of rapamycin by using Drosophila melanogaster as model system. Six isogenic D. melanogaster lines were assessed for their fecundity, male longevity and male heat stress tolerance with or without rapamycin treatment. The results showed increased longevity and heat stress tolerance for male flies treated with rapamycin. Conversely, the fecundity of rapamycin-exposed individuals was lower than for flies from the non-treated group, suggesting unwanted side effects of the drug in D. melanogaster. We found strong evidence for genotype-by-treatment interactions suggesting that a ‘one size fits all’ approach when it comes to treatment with rapamycin is not recommendable. The beneficial responses to rapamycin exposure for stress tolerance and longevity are in agreement with previous findings, however, the unexpected effects on reproduction are worrying and need further investigation and question common believes that rapamycin constitutes a harmless drug.

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Genetic variation in the heat-stress survival of embryos is largely decoupled from adult thermotolerance in an intercontinental set of recombinant lines of Drosophila melanogaster

Journal of Thermal Biology ◽

10.1016/j.jtherbio.2021.103119 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103119

Author(s):

Miguel A. Borda ◽

Federico H. Gomez ◽

Pablo Sambucetti ◽

Fabian M. Norry

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Genetic Variation ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Stress Survival

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Elevated carbon dioxide offers promise for wheat adaptation to heat stress by adjusting carbohydrate metabolism

Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants ◽

10.1007/s12298-021-01080-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aneela Ulfat ◽

Ansar Mehmood ◽

Khawaja Shafique Ahmad ◽

Sami Ul-Allah

Keyword(s):

Carbon Dioxide ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Elevated Carbon Dioxide ◽

Adaptation To Heat

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Combining metabolomics and experimental evolution reveals key mechanisms underlying longevity differences in laboratory evolved Drosophila melanogaster populations

10.1101/2021.10.16.464668 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mark Phillips ◽

Kenneth R. Arnold ◽

Zer Vue ◽

Heather Beasley ◽

Edgar Garza Lopez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drosophila Melanogaster ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Experimental Evolution ◽

Statistical Power ◽

Accelerated Aging ◽

Experimental System ◽

Tca Cycle ◽

Dna And Rna ◽

Metabolomic Data ◽

Genetic Mechanisms

Experimental evolution with Drosophila melanogaster has been used extensively for decades to study aging and longevity. In recent years, the addition of DNA and RNA sequencing to this framework has allowed researchers to leverage the statistical power inherent to experimental evolution study the genetic basis of longevity itself. Here we incorporated metabolomic data into to this framework to generate even deeper insights into the physiological and genetic mechanisms underlying longevity differences in three groups of experimentally evolved D. melanogaster populations with different aging and longevity patterns. Our metabolomic analysis found that aging alters mitochondrial metabolism through increased consumption of NAD+ and increased usage of the TCA cycle. Combining our genomic and metabolomic data produced a list of biologically relevant candidate genes. Among these candidates, we found significant enrichment for genes and pathways associated with neurological development and function, and carbohydrate metabolism. While we do not explicitly find enrichment for aging canonical genes, neurological dysregulation and carbohydrate metabolism are both known to be associated with accelerated aging and reduced longevity. Taken together, our results in total provide very plausible genetic mechanisms for what might be driving longevity differences in this experimental system. More broadly, our findings demonstrate the value of combining multiple types of omic data with experimental evolution when attempting to dissect mechanisms underlying complex and highly polygenic traits like aging.

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The Crosstalk of Melatonin and Hydrogen Sulfide Determines Photosynthetic Performance by Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism in Wheat under Heat Stress

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10091778 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (9) ◽

pp. 1778 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Noushina Iqbal ◽

Mehar Fatma ◽

Harsha Gautam ◽

Shahid Umar ◽

Adriano Sofo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Hydrogen Sulfide ◽

Heat Stress ◽

Carbohydrate Metabolism ◽

Soluble Sugars ◽

Photosynthetic Apparatus ◽

Time Duration ◽

H2o2 Content ◽

Metabolism Enzymes ◽

Regulation Of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Photosynthesis is a pivotal process that determines the synthesis of carbohydrates required for sustaining growth under normal or stress situation. Stress exposure reduces the photosynthetic potential owing to the excess synthesis of reactive oxygen species that disturb the proper functioning of photosynthetic apparatus. This decreased photosynthesis is associated with disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism resulting in reduced growth under stress. We evaluated the importance of melatonin in reducing heat stress-induced severity in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants. The plants were subjected to 25 °C (optimum temperature) or 40 °C (heat stress) for 15 days at 6 h time duration and then developed the plants for 30 days. Heat stress led to oxidative stress with increased production of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content and reduced accrual of total soluble sugars, starch and carbohydrate metabolism enzymes which were reflected in reduced photosynthesis. Application of melatonin not only reduced oxidative stress through lowering TBARS and H2O2 content, augmenting the activity of antioxidative enzymes but also increased the photosynthesis in plant and carbohydrate metabolism that was needed to provide energy and carbon skeleton to the developing plant under stress. However, the increase in these parameters with melatonin was mediated via hydrogen sulfide (H2S), as the inhibition of H2S by hypotaurine (HT; H2S scavenger) reversed the ameliorative effect of melatonin. This suggests a crosstalk of melatonin and H2S in protecting heat stress-induced photosynthetic inhibition via regulation of carbohydrate metabolism.

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HEAT AND DROUGHT STRESS EFFECT IN WHEAT GENOTYPES: A REVIEW

Food and Agri Economics Review ◽

10.26480/faer.02.2021.77.79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

pp. 77-79

Author(s):

Sandesh Paudel ◽

Netra Prasad Pokharel ◽

Susmita Adhikari ◽

Sarah Poudel

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Drought Stress ◽

Harmful Effect ◽

Winter Season ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

High Yield ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Stress Effect ◽

Cereal Crop ◽

Drought And Heat Stress

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) belonging to family Poaceae is the most important cereal crop as it contributes major portion to the world food for the world’s population. Similarly, it is the third most cultivated cereal crop in Nepal in terms of production and area. Wheat is a winter season crop which is usually grown within a temperature range of 15-250C in cold and dry weather. However frequent irrigations are crucial for proper growth of the plant, high yield and high quality of the grain. The annual productivity of wheat has been reported to be 2.49 tons per hectare. Water is found to be one of the most important factors in wheat production and by far not a single water stress tolerant variety has been introduced thus water management is necessary. In Nepal around 35% of the total wheat is cultivated under rainfed condition annually and in Terai this is around 19%. This cultivated area faces a severe drought stress during growing stage and heat stress during anthesis stage. Various studies have suggested that the combined impacts of drought and heat stress had a significant harmful effect on wheat than individual stresses (Stress and Review, 2017). Under drought stress days to anthesis and days to maturity were reduced by 10% and 14% while under heat stress these were reduced by 16% and 20% respectively. Combined effect of drought and heat stress caused reduction in DTA by 25% DTH by and 31%.

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