scholarly journals Fundamentals for forage crop breeding and seed production in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
V. M. Kosolapov ◽  
V. I. Cherniavskih ◽  
S. I. Kostenko
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Mass Scale ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Ecological Selection ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Initial Seed ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Research Institute

Plant breeding and seed production of new generation fodder crops is the groundwork for creating a fodder base for livestock production in sufficient quantities. The Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology founded in 2018 based on of the All-Russia Williams Fodder Research Institute and other scientific institutions is the largest and most comprehensive center in the field of food production. It develops new techniques and methods for creating initial seed material based on a wide use of genetics, biotechnology, microbiology, immunology, ecology, biogeocenology, and cell selection. During the existence of the Fodder Research Institute and its experimental stations, up to 300 varieties of feed crops were created, which occupied leading positions in the production of fodder in meadows, pastures, and hayfields. Eighty-five modern varieties of fodder crops of the latest generation are widely used and zoned in all regions of Russia. However, the destroyed system of elite and commercial seed production does not allow these varieties to take their rightful place in fodder production, and the market still possesses a large share of non-varietal and mass scale reproduction seeds. In addition, imported seeds brought to the Russian market are often disguised as lawn varieties to reduce the cost and simplify their entry to the market. In this way, 107 varieties of winter ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), 47 varieties of cane fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.), 21 varieties of creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.), etc. appeared in Russia. In such circumstances, the attention of the Williams Center is focused on the development of techniques and methods for creating fundamentally new varieties based on its own research in genetics, biotechnology, immunology, and ecological selection. Much attention is paid to expanding the network of research stations throughout Russia in order to revive the system of elite seed growing, especially in the regions with the most favorable climate for growing seeds of particular crops. A seed production center was organized as a branch of the Williams Center at the end of 2020. In the future, it is planned to create a united coordinated interdepartmental complex for the breeding of fodder crops in accordance with the regional needs of animal husbandry.

scholarly journals Resource-saving technologies for preparing fodder crops

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 00106
Author(s):  
Tatiana Marinchenko
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Feed Processing ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Feed Resources ◽  
Feed Production ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Unconventional Feed

A modern animal husbandry needs balanced feeding with rational use of feed and the maximum involvement of unconventional feed. At the same time, issues of increasing the nutritional value of feeds, improving quality, reducing the share of cereals remain urgent, since they occupy a significant part in the composition of the diet and cost structure. The application of modern feed processing technologies increases the efficiency of their use, increases the performance of animal husbandry, as evidenced by numerous experiments. The organization of feed production based on own feed resources significantly reduces the cost of production. The application of a number of technologies has been discussed and justified, which allows obtaining feed with high zootechnical and consumer characteristics, as well as with high rates of nutrition, digestibility and biological value with a significant reduction in the cost of feeding.

scholarly journals selection of agricultural crops in the smolensk region: stages of formation and development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Д.Н. Кольцов ◽  
А.М. Конова ◽  
А.Ю. Гаврилова ◽  
Л.К. Чехалкова ◽  
О.В. Курдакова ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Research Institute

В статье представлены результаты работы Обособленного подразделения Смоленского НИИСХ по селекции и семеноводству сельскохозяйственных культур (лен-долгунец, клевер луговой, картофель). Приведено описание новых сортов, а также продолжаются дальнейшие работы по селекции. Усовершенствованы агротехнические приемы возделывания льна-долгунца, клевера лугового и картофеля. he article presents the results of the work of a separate division of the Smolensk research institute for breeding and seed production of agricultural crops (flax, meadow clover, potatoes). The description of new varieties is given, as well as further work on breeding continues. The agrotechnical methods of cultivation of flax, meadow clover and potatoes have been improved.

scholarly journals MARIINKA AND ANTOSHKA ARE NEW VARIETIES OF BEAN SELECTED AT VNIISSOK

2011 ◽  
pp. 52-53
Author(s):  
A.A. Antoshkin ◽  
M.P. Miroshnikova ◽  
E.P. Pronina
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Vegetable Breeding ◽  
Russian Research Institute ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Russian Research ◽  
Research Institute

At All-Russian Research Institute of Vegetable Breeding and Seed Production the new varieties of bean, Mariinka and Antoshka were selected. The morphological and biological descriptions of these varieties were given in the article.

scholarly journals Ярославский научно-исследовательский институт животноводства и кормопроизводства научно-методический координатор развития сельскохозяйственной науки в регионе

2019 ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
A.V. Konovalov ◽  
E.A. Flerova ◽  
A.V. Ilyina ◽  
M.V. Abramova ◽  
A.A. Alekseev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Research Institution ◽  
Livestock Breeding ◽  
Research Institute

Представлена история создания Ярославского научноисследовательского института животноводства и кормопроизводства и научные разработки сотрудников института. Ярославский НИИЖК филиал ФНЦ ВИК им. В.Р. Вильямса в 2019 году отметил 50летие со дня основания и 115летие создания Центра научных исследований по животноводству и молочному делу в Ярославской области. Зоотехническое отделение, открытое в 1909 году, стало первым и единственным научноисследовательским учреждением по животноводству на территории России. В 1969 году на базе Всесоюзной станции животноводства и Ярославской государственной сельскохозяйственной опытной станции был создан Ярославский научноисследовательский институт животноводства и кормопроизводства, который находился в непосредственном подчинении Российской академии сельскохозяйственных наук. В настоящее время научноисследовательская работа сотрудников института заключается в разработке зернотравяного севооборота, обеспечивающего производство кормов с продуктивностью гектара 5 6 тысяч кормовых единиц, с высокой энергетической и протеиновой питательностью (9 10 МДж в 1 кг сухого вещества, 13 сырого протеина) изучении влияния кормовых концентратов нового поколения (полимикробиологический кормовой концентрат, комбикормконцентрат, микрокорм) на хозяйственноценные показатели разных половозрастных групп крупного рогатого скота разработке проектнотехнологических решений молочной фермы с элементами комфортного содержания коров и интеллектуального управления, обеспечивающих увеличение продуктивного долголетия животных в 1,5 2 раза и продуктивность не ниже 7000 кг в год разработке усовершенствованного метода управления генетическим потенциалом с применением популяционной, иммунной и молекулярной генетики написании наставления по оценке генотипа овец романовской породы по экономически значимым признакам.The history of the creation of the Yaroslavl Research Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production and the scientific developments of the Institutes staff are presented. Yaroslavl SRILB is a branch of FWRC FPA named after V.R. Williams in 2019 celebrated the 50th anniversary of its founding and the 115th anniversary of the establishment of the Center for Scientific Research on Livestock and Dairy Production in the Yaroslavl Region. The zootechnical department opened in 1909 became the first and only research institution for animal husbandry in the territory of Russia. In 1969 the Yaroslavl Scientific Research Institute of Livestock Breeding and Forage Production which was directly subordinate to the Russian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, was created on the basis of the AllUnion Livestock Station and the Yaroslavl State Agricultural Experimental Station. Currently the research work of the Institute staff is to develop a graingrass crop rotation which ensures the production of forage with a productivity of 56 thousand hectare feed units, with high energy and protein nutrition (910 MJ per 1 kg of dry matter, 13 of crude protein) studying the influence of new generation feed concentrates (polymicrobiological feed concentrate, feed concentrate, microfeed) on the economically valuable indicators of different classes of cattle the development of design and technological solutions for a dairy farm with elements of comfortable keeping cows and intelligent control ensuring an increase in the productive longevity of animals by 1.5 2 times and productivity not less than 7000 kg per year the development of an improved method of managing genetic potential using population, immune and molecular genetics writing a manual on the assessment of the genotype of sheep of the Romanovskaya breed on economically significant features.

Cultivation and seed production of perennial grasses as a basis for arable farming biologization and regional forage production

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
В. Золотарев ◽  
С. Сапрыкин
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Arable Farming ◽  
The Impact

На примере Воронежской области показано влияние почвенно-климатических и ландшафтных особенностей территории на структуру растениеводства в рыночных условиях и его взаимосвязь с уровнем развития животноводства. Вследствие преимуществ, связанных с биоклиматическим и земельным потенциалом (по состоянию на 2018 год), основные посевные площади в области занимают зерновые и зернобобовые культуры — 1516 тыс. га (57,6%); технические — 708,3 тыс. га (26,9%), в том числе подсолнечник — 431,3 тыс. га (16,4%). Доля кормовых культур в общей структуре посевов составляет 12,3%, а многолетних трав — только 4,1%. Перевод земледелия на биологическую основу предусматривает восстановление деградированных агроландшафтов и сохранение плодородных свойств почвы за счёт широкого внедрения травосеяния. Увеличение площадей посевов многолетних трав в севооборотах имеет также большое кормовое значение. В настоящее время посевная площадь многолетних трав на пашне в области составляет около 130 тыс. га, или 4,1% в общей структуре. Согласно научно обоснованной системе земледелия площади кормовых посевов многолетних трав на пашне в хозяйствах области в перспективе целесообразно увеличить до 400 тыс. га, а на первом этапе в течение 5–8 лет — до 260–270 тыс. га, или до 8–10%. В области под естественными сенокосами и пастбищами занято около 936 тыс. га, и их состояние является крайне неудовлетворительным. Для увеличения посевов трав необходимо существенное улучшение состояния семеноводства. Ежегодное производство сортовых семян многолетних трав в области составляет около 500 т в год, и примерно около 500 т закупается преимущественно у иностранных компаний. Для расширенного воспроизводства посевов многолетних трав на первом этапе целесообразно довести объём производства их сортовых семян в области до 2,5 тыс. т. The Voronezh region was used as an example showing the impact of climate and land conditions on regional crop production and Animal Husbandry. In 2018 areas for grain and grain legume crops reached 1516 thousand ha (57.6%), industrial crops — 708.3 thousand ha (26.9%), sunflower — 431.3 thousand ha (16.4%). Forage crops occupy 12.3% of total farmlands, perennial grasses — only 4.1%. Biologization of arable farming stands for restoration of degraded areas and maintenance of soil fertility via forage grass cultivation. Wide cultivation of perennial grasses is crucial in crop rotations for fodder production. According to previous works, area for forage grasses should be increased up to 400 thousand ha. The first stage is planned to cover up to 260–270 thousand ha, or 8–10% for 5–8 years. Natural haylands and pastures occupy around 936 thousand ha, but their condition is quite poor. Widening of grass fields requires significant improvement in seed production sphere. Annual seed production of grass varieties amounts to 500 t in the region; around 500 t being bought from foreign companies. Effective cultivation of such crops demands seed production of up to 2.5 thousand t as a start.

Deferring Crisis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Stewart Mauldin
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Shifting Cultivation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Antebellum South ◽  
Westward Expansion ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Land Use Practices ◽  
Ecological Regime

This chapter explores the ecological regime of slavery and the land-use practices employed by farmers across the antebellum South. Despite the diverse ecologies and crop regimes of the region, most southern farmers employed a set of extensive agricultural techniques that kept the cost of farming down and helped circumvent natural limits on crop production and stock-raising. The use of shifting cultivation, free-range animal husbandry, and slaves to perform erosion control masked the environmental impacts of farmers’ actions, at least temporarily. Debates over westward expansion during the sectional crisis of the 1850s were not just about the extension of slavery, they also reflected practical concerns regarding access to new lands and fresh soil. Both were necessary for the continued profitability of farming in the South.

Potential of warm-season annual forages and Brassica crops for grazing: A Canadian Review

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
D McCartney ◽  
J Fraser ◽  
A Ohama
Keyword(s):  
Foxtail Millet ◽  
Warm Season ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Grazing Season ◽  
Brassica Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
The Cost

Extension of the grazing season beyond the normal perennial grazing season has been identified as a potential mechanism to reduce the cost of production on Canadian cow-calf operations. This review will provide an overview of the potential use of warm-season and Brassica crops including corn (Zea mays), Golden German foxtail millet (Setaria italica L. Beauv.), kale (Brassica oleracea L.), forage rape (B. napus ssp. biennis L.) and turnip (B. rapa L.). These crops have a high yield potential, but the cost for grazing these crops has not been adequately compared with the cost of grazing oat (Avena sativa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and fall rye (Secale cereale L.). There are very few actual animal grazing trials evaluating the economics of using these crops in grazing systems in Canada, and this requires further research.Key words: Corn, millet, sorgum, sudan grass, fodder crops, brassicas

Protein-energy ratio for forage production efficiency

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Н. Зезин ◽  
М. Намятов
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Efficiency ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Perennial Grasses ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Milk Productivity ◽  
Agricultural Research Institute ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Protein Energy ◽  
Research Institute

Исследования Уральского НИИСХ и опыт передовых хозяйств Свердловской области показывают, что для повышения эффективности и стабильности кормопроизводства необходимо в структуре кормовых культур увеличивать удельный вес высокобелковых, высокоэнергетических и засухоустойчивых культур, производить подсев многолетних трав ежегодно на площади не менее 60 тыс. га, а в перспективе 7080 тыс. га. За последние 7 лет (20112018 годы) площади люцерны в области увеличились в 2 раза (до 23 тыс. га), кукурузы по зерновой технологии в 2,4 раза (до 20,9 тыс. га) и масличных культур в 3,1 раза (до 30,8 тыс. га). Опыт СПК Килачёвский Ирбитского района показывает, что освоение научно обоснованных биологизированных севооборотов, прошедших изучение в стационарных опытах Уральского НИИСХ, позволяет ежегодно получать высокие и стабильные урожаи всех сельскохозяйственных культур. В этом хозяйстве каждая кормовая культура размещается в своём севообороте. В СПК Килачёвский и ряде других хозяйств Свердловской области большое значение придаётся возделыванию люцерны, кукурузы и масличных культур. Площадь этих культур в расчёте на одну корову мы назвали белковоэнергетическим коэффициентом (БЭК). Анализ показал тесную взаимосвязь между белковоэнергетическим коэффициентом и молочной продуктивностью. Так, в СПК Килачёвский в 2016 году при удое 10196кг БЭК был равен 1,25 в 2017 году удой достиг 10798кг, БЭК 1,43 в 2018 году соответственно 11493 кг и 1,47 при количестве коров 29002977 голов. According to the investigations conducted at the Ural Agricultural Research Institute and experience of the leading farms in the Sverdlovsk region high effectiveness and stability of Forage Production requires wide cultivation of droughtresistant crops rich in protein and energy as well as seeding over 60 thousand ha (in the future 7080 thousand ha) by perennial grasses annually. For the last 7 years (20112018) areas of alfalfa increased by 2 times (up to 23 thousand ha), grain maize by 2.4 times (up to 20.9 thousand ha), oil crops by 3.1 times (up to 30.8 thousand ha). SPK Kilachevskiy (agricultural production cooperative) reported that the use of approved crop rotations tested at the Ural Agricultural Research Institute resulted in annual high and stable yields of all the crops. SPK Kilachevskiy and other farms of the region widely grow alfalfa, maize and oil crops. Land area for the cultivation of these crops per one cow is called proteinenergy coefficient (PEC). Proteinenergy coefficient was shown to have a significant correlation with milk productivity. SPK Kilachevskiy reported that in 2016 PEC and milk yield reached 1.25 and 10196 kg in 2017 1.43 and 10798 kg in 2018 1.47 and 11493 kg, respectively under 29002977 cows.

Results of selection and seed-growing work on onion crops at the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.M. Seredin ◽  
◽  
A.F. Agafonov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Scientific Center ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Seed Growing

the article summarizes the long-term research on the selection and seed production of onion crops of the Federal Scientific Center of Vegetable Growing. The prospects of using new varieties to obtain high-quality products for different zones are shown.

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