scholarly journals PROGRAMA NACIONAL DE HABITAÇÃO RURAL E CONDIÇÕES DE MORADIA EM PEQUENAS CIDADES NA AMAZÔNIA PARAENSE

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 480
Author(s):  
Walkiria Maria Sousa da Silva ◽  
Joana Valente Santana ◽  
Katia Maria dos Santos Melo ◽  
Pedro Paulo de Miranda Araujo Soares

O artigo analisa o direito à moradia rural em pequenos municípios paraenses (Abaetetuba, Santa Izabel do Pará e Soure), por meio do Programa Nacional de Habitação Rural (PNHR), considerando aspectos socioeconômicos das famílias. A pesquisa é orientada pelo materialismo histórico e dialético, realizando levantamento bibliográfico, documental e de campo, com formulários e entrevistas semiestruturadas. Os resultados mostram que o PNHR oferece o acesso à nova casa; o sentimento de segurança; a existência de banheiro interno; os serviços de saúde e de educação. Por outro lado, as famílias relatam problemas de infraestrutura da casa e do entorno, além da dificuldade de pagamento da mensalidade. Conclui que o PNHR desconsidera as particularidades regionais, como a necessidade de compartimentos amplos de cozinha e pátio, com vistas à preservação da sociabilidade do modo de vida rural amazônico.NATIONAL RURAL HOUSING PROGRAM AND HOUSING CONDITIONS IN SMALL CITIES IN THE AMAZONAbstractThe article analyzes the right to housing in rural areas of small cities in Pará, Brazil (Abaetetuba, Santa Izabel do Pará and Soure), considering the socioeconomic characteristics of the beneficiaries of the National Rural Housing Program (PNHR). It draws upon the historical dialectical materialism and relies on bibliographic, documentary, and field surveys, when the authors conducted interviews. Data suggests the access to the new house, the feeling of security, the inside bathroom, the presence health and education services are positive aspects of the PNHR. Moreover, the downsides are the lack of urban infrastructure, poor quality of house construction, and difficulties in affording the monthly fee. It concludes the PNHR disregards regional particularities as the need for large kitchen and patio compartments, in order to preserve the sociability of the Amazonian rural way of life.Keywords: Rural housing in Pará. Right to housing. Housing policy. National Rural Housing Program.

Midwifery ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chanthanom Manithip ◽  
Kerstin Edin ◽  
Amphoy Sihavong ◽  
Rolf Wahlström ◽  
Hans Wessel

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Patricia Maria Uchôa SIMÕES ◽  
Mariana Uchôa Simões BARBOSA

RESUMONo Brasil, a história da educação institucionalizada dos bebês inicia-se com instituições voltadas para o atendimento das populações mais pobres das cidades e está relacionada à industrialização e urbanização. Essa origem explica, em parte, a escassa oferta de Educação Infantil para as populações rurais, até hoje. O estudo debate a trajetória das creches das zonas rurais, analisa alguns dos indicadores educacionais e dados da implantação do Proinfância nessas áreas. As conclusões apontam para os avanços na legislação e a melhoria dos indicadores educacionais nas primeiras décadas desse século, também apresenta o Proinfância como uma alternativa para as zonas rurais, com a oferta de apoio aos municípios na construção de políticas de inclusão dos bebês em creche com maior qualidade de atendimento. Faz-se necessário a afirmação desses bebês como sujeitos de direitos, da sua educação como condição de cidadania e da especificidade da creche nas zonas rurais como direito à diferença.Bebês. Creche. Educação Infantil do Campo. Babies in daycare centers in rural BrazilABSTRACT In Brazil, the history of institutionalized baby education begins with institutions aimed at serving the poorest populations in cities and is related to industrialization and urbanization. This origin explains, in part, the scarce offer of Early Childhood Education for rural populations, even today. The study debates the trajectory of daycare centers in rural areas, analyzes some of the educational indicators and data on the implementation of Proinfância in these areas. The conclusions point to advances in legislation and the improvement of educational indicators in the first decades of this century, it also presents Proinfância as an alternative for rural areas, with the offer of support to municipalities in the construction of policies for the inclusion of babies in daycare centers with higher quality of care. It is necessary to affirm these babies as subjects of rights, their education as a condition of citizenship and the specificity of daycare in rural areas as the right to difference.Babies. Nursery. Rural Early Childhood Education. Bebés en guarderías en zonas rurales de BrasilRESUMEN En Brasil, la historia de la educación institucionalizada de bebes comienza con instituciones destinadas a servir a las poblaciones más pobres de las ciudades y está relacionada con la industrialización y la urbanización. Este origen explica, en parte, la escasa oferta de educación de la primera infancia para las poblaciones rurales, incluso hoy en día. El estudio debate la trayectoria de las guarderías en áreas rurales, analiza algunos de los indicadores educacionales y los datos sobre la implementación de “Proinfância” en estas áreas. Las conclusiones apuntan a avances en la legislación y la mejora de los indicadores educacionales en las primeras décadas de este siglo, también presenta a “Proinfância” como una alternativa para las zonas rurales, ofreciendo apoyo a los municipios en la construcción de políticas para la inclusión de bebés en guarderías con mejor calidad de cuidado. Es necesario afirmar que estos bebés son sujetos de derechos, su educación debe ser entendida como condición de ciudadanía y la especificidad de la guardería en las zonas rurales como un derecho a la diferencia.Bebés. Guardería. Educación de la primera infancia rural. Bambini in asili nele aree rurali del BrasileSINTESEIn Brasile, la storia dell'educazione al bambino istituzionalizzata inizia con istituzioni progettate per servire le popolazioni più povere delle città ed è legata all'industrializzazione e all'urbanizzazione. Questa origine spiega, in parte, l'offerta limitata di educazione della prima infanzia per le popolazioni rurali, anche oggi. Lo studio discute la traiettoria degli asili nelle aree rurali, analizza alcuni degli indicatori e dati educativi sull'attuazione di "Proinfância" in queste aree. Le conclusioni indicano i progressi della legislazione e il miglioramento degli indicatori educativi nei primi decenni di questo secolo, inoltre presenta "Proinfância" come alternativa alle aree rurali, offrendo supporto ai comuni nella costruzione di politiche per l'inclusione dei bambini negli asili nido con una migliore qualità delle cure. È necessario affermare che questi bambini sono soggetti di diritti, la loro educazione deve essere intesa come una condizione di cittadinanza e la specificità dell'assistenza all'infanzia nelle aree rurali come un diritto alla differenza.


2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
John Kwasi Annan

It is well known that quality and positive school outcomes are determined by teacher competence, sensitivity, and motivation which are summed as teacher quality. The role teachers play in shaping society requires that training of same must be of utmost priority of governments. With reference to the relevance of archival materials, the study relied mostly on observation and secondary sources of data with content analysis on training of teachers in Ghana. This study identified various elements that contribute to the quality of teachers which ultimately increases the quality of education. These included quality assurance of teacher education, initial training of teachers, deployment processes, professional growth, compensation, and regulatory bodies that ensure standards and compliance. The article also found out that low investments in teacher education, allowing nonprofessional graduates to teach, poor living, and working condition are deterrent to teachers from accepting postings to rural and deprived areas; lack of regular and consistent training for professional development and poor motivation packages for teachers are some of the reasons for poor quality in the education delivery at the basic school level. The study then advocates that teachers must be trained strictly by educational institutions only, aptitude test must be used to recruit teachers, intensify curricula reform to address critical thinking skills in teachers, institute regular development training for teachers, and motivate teachers who accept postings to rural areas.


2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maggie Hendry ◽  
Diana Pasterfield ◽  
Ruth Lewis ◽  
Ben Carter ◽  
Daniel Hodgson ◽  
...  

Background: Assisted dying is legal in four European countries and three American states. Elsewhere, particularly in more affluent or mainly Protestant countries, it remains controversial. Dominant headlines feature professional (medical, legal, religious) arguments versus celebrity campaigners; ordinary people are less clearly represented. Aim: To synthesise the international evidence of people’s views and attitudes towards assisted dying in order to inform current debate about this controversial issue. Design: Systematic review and mixed method synthesis of qualitative and survey data Data sources: Eleven electronic databases from inception to October 2011; bibliographies of included studies Review Methods: Two reviewers independently screened papers and appraised quality. Qualitative results were extracted verbatim; survey results were summarised in a table. Qualitative data were synthesised using framework methods and survey results integrated where they supported, contrasted or added to the themes identified. Results: Sixteen qualitative studies and 94 surveys were included; many participants considered the immediate relevance of assisted dying for them. Themes related to poor quality of life, a good quality of death, potential abuse of assisted dying and the importance of individual stance. People valued autonomy in death as much as in life. Attitudes were diverse, complex and related to definitions of unbearable suffering including physical, psycho-social and existential factors and were consistent regardless of social, economic, legal and health-care contexts. Conclusion: Our review sheds light on ordinary people’s perspectives about assisted dying, when they are ill or disabled. Unbearable suffering is a key construct, and common factors are revealed that lead people to ask for help to die. The consistency of international views indicates a mandate for legislative and medical systems worldwide to listen and understand this.


2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 406-416
Author(s):  
O. Dontsova ◽  
G. Sich

This article content is aimed at characterization of urgent problematic issues, which are connected with determining the place of forensic expertise in cases related to the protection of consumer rights and the development of ways of solving emerging problems. The article emphasizes that in accordance with the current legislation, consumers have the right to protect their rights to the necessary quality, safety of goods and services, as well as the right to compensation for losses caused by goods of inadequate quality, dangerous to life and health, etc. It is determined that the main control in the sphere of trade is exercised by the State Service for Product Safety and Consumer Protection, and it is established that the problems are the inability of this service to carry out an instant check on a consumer complaint of a particular point of sale. At the present stage, the problem of citizens' rights including rights in the sphere of consumption, is extremely urgent, because accession of Ukraine to the European Union requires the application of European standards of product quality. In developed country, the consumer is a major player in market relations, which is focused on the production and improvement of the quality of goods and services. The application of sanctions to sellers, manufacturers of poor-quality products does not always give the necessary effect, because usually an unscrupulous manufacturer (seller, executor) pays a fine and continues to provide poor quality services, to supply products that are dangerous to life and health. Important factor in improving the quality of products and services provided is the legal knowledge of consumers themselves in protecting their rights. Consumer rights have a prerogative over the rights of sellers and producers, since human life and health under the Constitution of Ukraine is a fundamental value of the state. The authors described the actions that the consumer should take to protect their violated rights, and emphasized that in cases where the consumer seeks to restore justice for this issue, he should ask an expert institution to perform a forensic trade research.


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (48) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Irina Andreeva ◽  
◽  
Dmitry Morev ◽  
Evgeny Taller ◽  
Ivan Vasenev

The article presents the results of a comparative environmental assessment of the quality of the environment in the central and outlying zones of two forest parks, contrasting in area, types and magnitude of anthropogenic load, - the Experimental Forest Station and the Dubki Culture and Recreation Park, located in the Timiryazevsky district of Moscow. The quality of the environment in the undisturbed forest biocenosis in the center of the Experimental Forest Station corresponded to the quality of the environment in the rural areas of the Moscow Region, while the environmental situation in the outlying zones of both forest parks bordering various urban infrastructure facilities deviated to varying degrees from the conditional norm. The worst indicators of the environmental quality and forest stand conditions were noted in the recreational zones located at the III-IV stage of digression, as well as in the zones bordering the roads, within which the degree of fluctuating asymmetry of birch leaves was suspended and the cellulolytic activity of the soil was 1.5-2.5 times lower than the background. The combination of recreational and transport loads reduced the quality of the environment in the Dubki park to a critical level. Keywords: CITY FOREST, BORDERLAND, ANTHROPOGENIC LOAD, POLLUTION, RECREATION, DEGRADATION, FLUCTUATING ASYMMETRY, CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY, APPLICATION METHOD, AIRBORNE POLLUTION, SNOW COVER


2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nadia Albuquerque ◽  
Manuel Correia Guedes

This paper discusses the issues unravelled by The UN's Cities without Slums Campaign which has been inappropriately communicated across Africa as a project to eradicate slums. Focusing on the Sub Saharan capital of Angola, Luanda. The theme equally explores the 3S's concept in Architecture − Social, Sustainable and Standard solutions − aiming to develop a Social Housing Program, called MUSSUS, in the context of UN-HABITAT and Proficient-EU concepts of slum-upgrading, including bioclimatic design and communal work. The concept of ZEB house is also introduced, including renewable energy systems, and passive design techniques. Mass-construction of houses is achieved, by modular standardisation, but providing adaptability to each family' needs. The main goal is to provide the community with the tools to change their environment, significantly improving quality of life.


Author(s):  
Fekede Tuli ◽  
Temesgen Oljira

It is widely recognized that the best education systems have the best teachers, and a school can only ever be as good as its teachers. However, the quality of a teaching force is dependent on the availability of good quality teacher education program. Hence, the purpose of this study was to explore the challenges of initial teacher preparation program from insiders’ perspectives. Data were collected via semi-structured interview and analyzed narratively. The findings of the study revealed that failure to attract the right people into teaching, poor quality of teacher training programs, weak University and School partnership, unfair and disproportionate treatment of teacher education, policy- practice gap, poor teacher retention strategy, and poor information and communication technology integration as the challenges undermining the teacher education program. The need to attracting best and brightest candidates into the profession, strengthening teacher education programs, improving the management of teacher education, valuing teachers and improving their status are areas identified as implication of the study.


2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred Maniragaba ◽  
Betty Kwagala ◽  
Emmanuel Bizimungu ◽  
Stephen Ojiambo Wandera ◽  
James Ntozi

Background: Little is known about the quality of life of older persons (OPs) in Uganda in particular, and Africa in general. This study examined factors associated with quality of life of older persons in rural Uganda. Method: We performed a cross-sectional survey of 912 older persons from the four regions of Uganda. Data were analyzed at univariate, bivariate and multivariate level where ordinal logistic regression was applied. Results: Older persons in northern (OR=0.39; CI=0.224-0.711) and western (OR=0.33; CI=0.185-0.594) regions had poor quality of life relative to those in central region. Those who were HIV positive had poor quality of life (OR=0.45; CI=0.220-0.928) compared to those who were HIV negative. In contrast, living in permanent houses predicted good quality of life (OR=2.04; CI=1.391-3.002). Older persons whose household assets were controlled by their spouses were associated with good quality of life (OR=2.06;CI=1.032-4.107) relative to those whose assets were controlled by their children. Conclusion: Interventions mitigating the HIV and AIDS related Quality of life should target older persons. The government of Uganda should consider improving housing conditions for older persons in rural areas.


Author(s):  
Ronny Israel Cabrera-Tituana ◽  
Andrea Katherine Carrión-Herrera

Internet access is necessary to ensure respect for the right to education, however, worldwide about 75% of school-age children in rural areas do not have access to the Internet at home, which makes it imperative the need for actions to reduce the digital gap to improve the quality of education in rural communities in Ecuador. This article describes the rehabilitation of an Internet network of 40 schools in the Nabón community, Ecuador. An earlier initiative implemented the Internet network, but lack of maintenance left it non-functional. With the support of the Municipality of Nabón, Motorola Foundation and IEEE SIGHT, a group of volunteers from IEEE Ecuador evaluated the state of the network to identify opportunities using the existing infrastructure. The commitment to the community, as well as the development of capacities, are at the center of the intervention to guarantee the sustainable development of the project. This document reports on the design, implementation, achievements and lessons learned from the rehabilitation of the Internet network.


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