scholarly journals Moscow and St. Petersburg Compete: Negotiating City Identity on Ru.Net

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Yelenevskaya
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
The Face ◽  
Nomadic Life ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Consumer Tastes ◽  
The City

Studies conducted by environmental psychologists, sociologists and cultural geographers show that affiliation of self with place forms a salient part of identity, and even personalities inclined to nomadic life styles identify themselves in terms of location. In people’s relations with space, cities have a special role, albeit one that changes over time. In the second half of the 20th century, erasing of the borders between urban and rural areas, the growth of migration, and globalisation marked by convergence of consumer tastes and patterns have changed the face of the city. The purpose of this essay is to analyse how the identities of the two biggest Russian cities, Moscow and St. Petersburg, and their residents are negotiated and reshaped in the discourse of Internet users and why the juxtaposition of the two cities has been a pervasive theme in the last decade.

scholarly journals Occupational Safety and Hygiene of Dentists from Urban and Rural Areas in Terms of Sharp Injuries: Wound Structure, Causes of Injuries and Barriers to Reporting—Cross-Sectional Study, Poland

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Garus-Pakowska ◽  
Mariusz Górajski ◽  
Ewelina Gaszyńska
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Occupational Safety ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Post Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Exposure Prophylaxis ◽  
The Village ◽  
The City

(1) Background: Frequent contact of the dentist with potentially infectious material (PIM) is undeniable. The aim of the study was to determine the frequency and type of injuries, as well as to identify barriers to reporting and barriers to the implementation of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) among dentists from urban and rural areas. (2) Methods: We surveyed 192 dentists using an anonymous questionnaire. (3) Results: During the 12 months preceding the survey, 63% of dentists from the village and 58.8% of dentists from the city suffered at least one superficial cut, and deep cuts 15.1% and 17.6% respectively. Contact with PIM through spitting on the conjunctiva was 58.9% and 52.1% (village vs. city). Needle stick injuries were 50.4% and fingers were affected in 48.8% cases. The causes of injuries were: inattention 54.7%, rush 27%, unpredictable behavior of the patient 19%, recapping 18.2%. Work in the countryside was associated with a 1.95-times greater chance of not reporting injuries. The distance from a hospital with antiretroviral treatment may be a barrier to the implementation of PEP. (4) Conclusion: The circumstances of the injuries and the reasons for not applying for antiretroviral treatment point to the areas of necessary dentist education in this topic.

Deliberate self-poisoning presenting at a rural hospital in Northern Ireland 1976–1996: relationship to prescribing

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.B. Kelly ◽  
J. Weir ◽  
T. Rafferty ◽  
R. Galloway
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Psychotropic Drug ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Drug Prescription ◽  
Defined Daily Dose ◽  
Toxic Agent ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
The Face ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas

summaryPurpose – This study reports on a project to monitor deliberate self-poisoning in a rural area of Northern Ireland over a 20-year period. Comparison is made with reports from large urban centres. In addition, a local prescribing database allows assessment of any association between psychotropic drug prescription and use for deliberate self-poisoning. Materials and methods – Frequency of self-poisoning, demographic details and drugs used were recorded for all episodes of deliberate self-poisoning occurring at Craigavon Area Hospital for the years 1976, 1986, 1991 and 1996. It was possible to compare prescriptions of psychotropic drugs with their use for deliberate self-poisoning between the years 1991 and 1996 in the region served by the hospital, using the Defined Daily Dose (DDD) system. Results – In this rural area the pattern of deliberate self-poisoning has changed, as in urban centres, with a rise in frequency and the male/female ratio approaching unity. The pattern of drug use has altered, with paracetamol overtaking benzodiazepines as the most commonly used agent. More recently, antidepressants have become the second most frequently used drug class for this purpose. Psychotropic medications used for self-poisoning altered in proportion to their prescription between the years 1991 and 1996. Conclusions – In the face of a continuing rise in deliberate self-poisoning, which is effecting both urban and rural areas, care should be taken to prescribe the least toxic agent available as this is associated with likely frequency of self-poisoning for most classes of psychotropic drug.

scholarly journals UHI ESTIMATION BASED ON ASTER AND MODIS SATELLITE IMAGERY: FIRST RESULTS ON STRASBOURG CITY, FRANCE

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B3-2020 ◽  
pp. 799-805
Author(s):  
S. Del Pozo ◽  
T. Landes ◽  
F. Nerry ◽  
P. Kastendeuch ◽  
G. Najjar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
First Results ◽  
Land Surface Temperatures ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The City

Abstract. The increase in urbanization of cities coupled with some effects of climate change is leading to the emergence of urban microclimates. The rising temperatures in cities create the phenomenon known as Urban Heat Island (UHI). This is a difference between the temperature of urban and rural areas that intensifies more during the night and varies according to the season of the year. This paper focuses on the estimation of the UHI and its variations in and around the city of Strasbourg. To this end, thermal remote sensing data from different satellite has been used to isolate and analyse this phenomenon, specifically, Land Surface Temperatures (LSTs) provided by ASTER and MODIS. The LST provided by these sensors has been compared to air temperatures of the last 15 years from meteorological stations distributed throughout the city that have served as ground truth. Forty-seven meteorological stations spread throughout the area of interest provided measurements of air humidity and temperature. This valuable data base has allowed the assessment of the correlations between LST from satellite and ground truth air temperature. Based on satellite data resampled at different spatial units, this work led to the creation of the first UHI map of Strasbourg.

scholarly journals A multi-year assessment of blacklegged tick (Ixodes scapularis) population establishment and Lyme disease risk areas in Ottawa, Canada, 2017-2019

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0246484
Author(s):  
Holly Burrows ◽  
Benoit Talbot ◽  
Roman McKay ◽  
Andreea Slatculescu ◽  
James Logan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lyme Disease ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
Urban Expansion ◽  
Ottawa River ◽  
Urban Core ◽  
The Face ◽  
Population Establishment ◽  
The City

Canadians face an emerging threat of Lyme disease due to the northward expansion of the tick vector, Ixodes scapularis. We evaluated the degree of I. scapularis population establishment and Borrelia burgdorferi occurrence in the city of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada from 2017–2019 using active surveillance at 28 sites. We used a field indicator tool developed by Clow et al. to determine the risk of I. scapularis establishment for each tick cohort at each site using the results of drag sampling. Based on results obtained with the field indicator tool, we assigned each site an ecological classification describing the pattern of tick colonization over two successive cohorts (cohort 1 was comprised of ticks collected in fall 2017 and spring 2018, and cohort 2 was collected in fall 2018 and spring 2019). Total annual site-specific I. scapularis density ranged from 0 to 16.3 ticks per person-hour. Sites with the highest density were located within the Greenbelt zone, in the suburban/rural areas in the western portion of the city of Ottawa, and along the Ottawa River; the lowest densities occurred at sites in the suburban/urban core. B. burgdorferi infection rates exhibited a similar spatial distribution pattern. Of the 23 sites for which data for two tick cohorts were available, 11 sites were classified as “high-stable”, 4 were classified as “emerging”, 2 were classified as “low-stable”, and 6 were classified as “non-zero”. B. burgdorferi-infected ticks were found at all high-stable sites, and at one emerging site. These findings suggest that high-stable sites pose a risk of Lyme disease exposure to the community as they have reproducing tick populations with consistent levels of B. burgdorferi infection. Continued surveillance for I. scapularis, B. burgdorferi, and range expansion of other tick species and emerging tick-borne pathogens is important to identify areas posing a high risk for human exposure to tick-borne pathogens in the face of ongoing climate change and urban expansion.

scholarly journals Mapping and Characterizing the Green Belt of Córdoba: Land Dynamics and the Urban-Rural Transformation Process

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolás A. Mari ◽  
Nicolás A. Mari ◽  
Beatriz Giobellina ◽  
Beatriz Giobellina ◽  
Alejandro Benitez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Urban Growth ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Transformation Process ◽  
Geographical Information ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Green Belt ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The City

In Córdoba, Argentina, the peri-urban horticulture is in conflict with industrial agriculture and urban development. This problem is partly due to urban expansion to rural areas occurred in the last years and to monoculture farming, which has replaced traditional fruit and vegetable cropping in the region. This transformation process has raised concern about the current and future availability of productive sectors that can sustain food supply within the city boundaries and its immediate surroundings as well as about the loss of ecosystem services associated with peri-urban natural environments. Although these dynamic processes are well known, they have not been described or quantified in Córdoba. Baseline information about land use and its dynamics in productive areas or about number of producers is insufficient and/or out of date. At O-AUPA (Spanish acronym for Observatory of Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture and Agroecology) different mapping strategies are developed to contribute to the understanding of the land dynamics in the Green Belt of Córdoba (GBC) and the rural environments surrounding the city. In this work, we present a method based on the use of remote sensing and geographical information systems to characterize urban, peri-urban and rural areas of Córdoba city with the aim of evaluating the temporal dynamics of urban growth and the current state of land use and cover. We mapped and quantified the urban growth between 1974 and 2014, and evaluated land use in peri-urban and rural areas in 2015. We used satellite information from Landsat TM 5 to map the urban growth via a principal component analysis (PCA) and SPOT 5 imagery to characterize the current land use and land cover with the support vector machine classification algorithm. The results show an urban area growth of 46.5% over almost 40 years within the boundaries of the Capital department. Farm plot size increased, showing a concentration of land ownership, implying a reduced number of producers. Evidence indicates the importance of defining land planning guidelines that limit the advance of the urban frontier to valuable agricultural systems, ensure diversification of productive activities and protect and develop the fresh food production systems at the local level.

THE INTEGRATION OF MOSQUES AND CHURCHES TO URBAN PLANNING OF IBADAN NIGERIA: A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibraheem Mikail Abiola
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Qualitative Research Design ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Face ◽  
Urban Problems ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Ibadan Nigeria

In the face of the uncontrolled expansion of Nigerian towns and cities since independence, urban planners and other stakeholders have accepted that development policies for urban and rural areas have failed or have not worked as expected. Cities in Nigeria, especially, Ibadan have been observed to have changed in size, spatial organization or morphology, quality and distribution of public services and infrastructure, and in its employment base. Despite many efforts aimed at resolving the urban problems through the enactment of plethora of planning laws and regulations, the administration and implementation of these laws and regulation have been problematic, especially due to the rapid increase of religious sites (places of worship) such as churches and mosques in Ibadan. The objective of this paper is to propose a solution to the problems created by religious sites in the planning of Ibadan. The study employs a qualitative research design using survey method, with field observation as the research instrument used for data collection.

A Study on the Difference of Urban and Rural Resilience under Climate Change- A Case Study of Chiayi County

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shin-En Pai ◽  
Hsueh-Sheng Chang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
International Strategy ◽  
Sendai Framework ◽  
Resilience Index ◽  
The Face ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The Impact

<p>In recent years, the impact of climate change has caused critical risks to urban and rural systems, how to mitigate the damage caused by extreme climate events has become a topic of considerable concern in various countries in recent years. The United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction (UNISDR) mentioned in the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 (Sendai Framework) that improving community resilience will help to deal with the harm caused by climate change. However, most of the previous research on resilience have only focused solely on urban or rural only, and have failed to clearly identify the differences in resilience between urban and rural areas. In fact, if we can understand the difference in resilience between urban and rural in the face of climate change, it will provide planners with better planning strategies or resource allocation. Based on this, the study first developed the resilience index through literature review, and then filtered and screened the index through Principle Component Analysis (PCA). After that, the resilience index was applied to empirical areas, and the spatial correlation of resilience was explored through Local Indicators of Spatial Autocorrelation (LISA). Finally, the binary logistic regression is used to analyze the difference in resilience of urban or rural under climate change.</p>

scholarly journals Attitudes toward newcomers from the city. The case of urban-rural fringe of Krakow

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-47
Author(s):  
Halina Pawlak
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Urban Life ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Rural Environment ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Metropolitan Cities ◽  
Urban Rural ◽  
The City ◽  
Ways Of Life

Abstract Rural-urban areas are currently characterised by a high rate of economic development. One of the results of these changes is the inflow of urban populations, who are very different from the indigenous inhabitants. In spite of the move to a rural environment, they often preserve their customs and urban life styles; while, on the other hand, the indigenous inhabitants of rural areas tend to present traditional attitudes towards life. They are strongly attached to their land and identify with their place of residence. The author focuses on the attitudes expressed toward newcomers from Krakow and other metropolitan cities by the inhabitants of selected municipalities within the Krakow Metropolitan Area (KOM). The attitudes toward styles, ways of life, values, as well as preferences brought by the urban population were investigated.

scholarly journals Urban and rural areas as defined by population density in Japan

2002 ◽  
Vol 69 (415-417) ◽  
pp. 331-332
Author(s):  
Haruhiko Goto
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Graduate School ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
City Planning ◽  
World Society ◽  
The World ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
The City

Dr Goto, an architect and town planner with an MSc in Architecture and a Ph. D in City Planning from Waseda University, Japan, formerly Vice-Dean of the Graduate School, is now Professor of Urban Design at the same university. He is also a Principal of Kankyo to Zokei Inc., Architecture and Urban Design, Tokyo, and a member of the World Society for Ekistics (WSE). The text that follows is a slightly edited and revised version of a paper presented at the WSE Symposion "Defining Success of the City in the 21st Century," Berlin, 24-28 October, 2001.

The human infesting ticks in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity with reference to a new species for Turkey

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sırrı Kar ◽  
Nadim Yılmazer ◽  
Gürkan Akyıldız ◽  
Ayşen Gargılı
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
New Record ◽  
Seasonal Distribution ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Tick Bites ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
First Time ◽  
The City ◽  
A New Species

This study, based on a passive surveillance, has examined 21198 ticks which were detached from a number of people who received hospital consultation and service following the complaints of tick bites between the years of 2006 and 2011 in the city of Istanbul and its vicinity. The ticks have been evaluated in terms of species, developmental stage, gender, seasonal distribution, and locality as urban and rural areas. They belong to 21 species from the genera Ixodes, Hyalomma, Rhipicephalus, Haemaphysalis, Dermacentor, Argas, Ornithodoros and Otobius. The most prevalent ticks are the nymphs of Ixodes and Hyalomma, and Ixodes ricinus. While Ornithodorus lahorensis and Ixodes gibbosus have been seen on humans in Turkey for the first time, Ixodes acuminatus is a new record for the tick fauna of Turkey.

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