scholarly journals Comparison of Yield, Nutrient Content and Antibacterial Activities of Wild and Cultivated Isolates of Pleurotus djamor

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Savita Jandaik ◽  
Anjana Sharma ◽  
Neetika Thakur
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Western Himalayas ◽  
Wild Isolate ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Pleurotus Species ◽  
Molecular Studies

Background: Pleurotus species constitutes one of the choicest edible mushrooms, it is commonly known as “Oyster Mushroom” and in India it is commonly called as “Dhingri. It has important medicinal, biotechnological properties and environmental applications. Its cultivation can be done on a number of agricultural wastes and organic waste materials. There are significant problems in classifying Pleurotus isolates using only morphological characters which are often unreliable and inconclusive mainly due to the large influence exerted by environmental factors. Methods: A wild isolate of Pleurotus was collected from North western Himalayas and its identity was confirmed by molecular studies. Yield, nutritional components and its bioactive molecules were compared with the cultivated isolate of Pleurotus djamore Antibacterial activities of both the isolates of were performed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion. Results: Molecular studies confirmed the identity of wild isolate of Pleurotus as Pleurotus djamore. The maximum yield of wild isolate was on paddy straw followed by wheat straw. The protein content was 32.3±0.50g-1 in wild isolate and 28.7±1.67g-1 in cultivated isolate. Presence of nutritional components and phytochemicals inferred in this study indicate the importance of Pleurotus djamore in the pharmaceutical.

New combinations in Struthiopteris spicant for the European flora

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 302 (2) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAWEL WASOWICZ ◽  
JOSE MARIA GABRIEL Y GALAN ◽  
RUBEN PINO PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characters ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Phylogenetic Relation ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Long Time

Delimitation of genera in Blechnaceae Newman (1844: 8), a subcosmopolitan fern family with ca. 250 species, has remained uncertain for a long time. During the last decade, evidence has been accumulating about the polyphyletism within Blechnum Linnaeus (1753: 1077) (e.g. Shepherd et al. 2007, Rothfels et al. 2012, Gabriel y Galán et al. 2013, Perrie et al. 2014). Recent molecular studies (Gasper et al. 2016a) lead to an updated classification attempting to put morphological characters into a natural, phylogenetic relation (Gasper et al. 2016b). Because of these changes, the species most people associate with the genus Blechnum, B. spicant (Linnaeus 1753: 1066) Roth (1794: 56), is now treated under Struthiopteris Scopoli (1754: 25).

scholarly journals ANTIBACTERIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF CUMINUM CYMINUM SEEDS

AGROFOR ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amina BESSEDIK
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Natural Food ◽  
Cuminum Cyminum ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Methanolic Extracts

Cuminum cyminum (in arabic: Kemoun) is an important source of therapeutic, cosmetic, bio-food and technological agents. Ancient civilizations used this plant for therapeutic purposes. Extracts from this plant are nowadays strongly used in the industrial and research fields, particularly for the medicinal, pharmacological and cosmetological purposes. Bioactive molecules extracted from Cuminum cyminum may express biocidal activities and prove to be good candidates for new antioxidants. The objective of the present work is to evaluate the biological properties of this plant, including antibacterial and antioxidant effects. The seeds of cumin are harvested at the wilaya of Biskra, and stored in a dry place until their use. They were identified at Hassiba Benbouali University of Chlef. Essential oil is obtained by hydro-distillation using a Clivenger type device (AFNOR, 2000). The obtained sample is stored in sealed bottles at low temperature (4°C) and away from light. The antibacterial effect is assessed by the disc method. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) is determined by standard methods. The antioxidant activity is evaluated by the DPPH free radical trapping method of the methanolic extracts. The essential oil of C. cyminum shows a better activity against Gram+ strains compared to Gram- strains. The determination of MICs leads to the conclusion that its activity can be triggered at a very low concentration. The reaction with DPPH gives an interesting IC50. This testifies to the ability of this essential oil to reduce free radicals. Thanks to the antibacterial activities that we have highlighted, cumin can be considered as a palliative that could replace certain antibiotics. Moreover, its antioxidant activity allows us to use it as a natural food additive.

Diplazoptilon (Asteraceae) is merged with Saussurea based on evidence from morphology and molecular systematics

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 236 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yuan ◽  
Yanchao Bi ◽  
Yousheng Chen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Systematics ◽  
Pollen Morphology ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Monotypic Genus ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Micromorphological Characters

Diplazoptilon is a monotypic genus belonging to the Saussurea group (Asteraceae, Cardueae). We undertake micromorphological and molecular studies to discuss the systematic position of this genus. The achene of Diplazoptilon picridifolium is obconical, 4-angled, with a small crown on the apical rim. The pollen of D. picridifolium are spheroidal, narrowly tricolpate, with the exine reticulate and shortly spinulate. The micromorphological characters of D. picridifolium are well in accordance with those of the genus Saussurea. Our molecular analyses demonstrate that Diplazoptilon and Saussurea form a strongly supported clade. Taking into account the great similarities in achene, pappus and pollen morphology between Diplazoptilon and Saussurea, it is reasonable to merge Diplazoptilon with Saussurea. From our molecular work and the gross-morphological characters, D. picridifolium should be a member of Saussurea subgen. Saussurea sect. Strictae. There are more than one species with a plumose outer pappus in the genus Saussurea, and the occurrences the plumose outer pappus in the genus Saussurea may have had parallel origins.

A molecular phylogeny of the Grunts (Perciformes: Haemulidae) inferred using mitochondrial and nuclear genes

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2966 (1) ◽  
pp. 37 ◽  
Author(s):  
MILLICENT D. SANCIANGCO ◽  
LUIZ A. ROCHA ◽  
KENT E. CARPENTER
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cyt B ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Outgroup Species ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Upper Jaw

We infer a phylogeny of haemulid genera using mitochondrial COI and Cyt b genes and nuclear RAG1, SH3PX3, and Plagl2 genes from 56 haemulid species representing 18 genera of the expanded haemulids (including the former inermiids) and ten outgroup species. Results from maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses show strong support for a monophyletic Haemulidae with the inclusion of Emmelichthyops atlanticus. The former inermiids did not form a clade indicating that the highly protrusible upper jaw specialization to planktivory evolved more than once within Haemulidae. The subfamilies Haemulinae and Plectorhinchinae, currently diagnosed by eight morphological characters, most notably the number of chin pores and the origin of the retractor dorsalis, are also recovered from these analyses with the Haemulinae sister to the Plectorhinchinae. Plectorhinchus is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Diagramma. Within the Haemulinae, Pomadasys and Conodon are polyphyletic. In addition, Anisotremus is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Genyatremus and Conodon nobilis, and Haemulon is monophyletic only with the inclusion of Xenistius. These results suggest that further morphological and molecular studies are needed to revise the limits of several haemulid genera.

scholarly journals Synthesis and biological activity of 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine scaffolds

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. e3
Author(s):  
Xu Tang ◽  
Mei Chen ◽  
Jun He ◽  
Shijun Su ◽  
Rongjiao Xia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Mosaic Virus ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Docking Studies ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Half Maximal Effective Concentration ◽  
Triazine Derivatives ◽  
Virus Coat

Background Literatures revealed that 1,4-pentadien-3-one and triazine derivatives exhibited a wide variety of biological activities. In order to develop highly bioactive molecules, in this study, a series of novel 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine moieties were synthesized and their antibacterial and antiviral activities were investigated. Methods A series of novel 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine moieties were synthesized and characterized in detail via 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS spectra. The antibacterial activities against Xanthomonas axonopodispv. citri (Xac), Xanthomonas oryzaepv. oryzae (Xoo) and Ralstonia solanacearum (R.s) were evaluated at 100 and 50 µg/mL using a turbidimeter and N. tabacun L. leaves under the same age as that of test subjects. The curative, protective and inactivation activities against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) at a concentration of 500 µg/mL were evaluated via the half-leaf blight spot method. Results The bioassay results showed that some of the target compounds exhibited fine antibacterial activities against Xac and R.s. Particularly, half maximal effective concentration (EC50) values of some target compounds against R.s are visibly better than that of the positive control bismerthiazol (BT). Notably, compound 4a showed excellent inactivation activity against TMV with a EC50 value of 12.5 µg/mL, which was superior to that ofningnanmycin (NNM,13.5 µg/mL). Besides, molecular docking studies for 4awith tobacco mosaic virus coat protein (TMV-CP) showed that the compound was embedded well in the pocket between the two subunits of TMV-CP. These findings indicate that 1,4-pentadien-3-one derivatives containing triazine moieties may be potential antiviral and antibacterial agents.

scholarly journals Does the current Scope of nutrition labelling provided in the Saudi markets cope with the increasing trend of chronic disease?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoda Jr ◽  
Amal AlMughthem ◽  
Amen A Bawazir
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Food Labels ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Nutritional Information ◽  
Nutrition Labelling ◽  
Nutritional Components ◽  
Hydrogenated Fat ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Nutritional Facts

Abstract Background: With increased demand for prepackaged food, the nutrient content of those products has increased especially fat, sugar, and sodium. We aimed to assess the compliance of nutritional labeling and to analyze the stated nutritional components as presented on prepackaged food products in Saudi market. Methods: A total of 1153 foods were randomly sampled from fourteen stores. Nutritional information was taken from nutrient declarations present on food labels and assessed through a comparison of mean levels and assess compliance with Saudi Food and Drug Authority regulations. Results: Overall, of the total number of products surveyed, 88% displayed nutritional facts, while 12% did not. Of the total products that had nutritional facts, only 38% met SFDA requirements while 97% disclosed the four key nutritional elements (energy, carbohydrate, protein and fat). In total, almost one third of the products had a high fat content, 40% were high in sugar and 20% were high in Sodium. We found also, 20% listed hydrogenated fat in their ingredient information, 90% of which was fully hydrogenated, while 10% was partially hydrogenated. Conclusion: There was a high percentage of products that displayed nutritional facts, but only a small percentage complied with SFDA's recent regulations. Food reformulation could have an extraordinary potential to overcome the increase in nutrition-related chronic disease in Saudi Arabia, and the information acquired from this paper provides an overview of thinking about the food supply as a major source needed for a national intervention.

scholarly journals Screening of Antibacterial Activities of the Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Leaves of Medinilla speciosa Blume

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 24-28
Author(s):  
Puteri Amelia ◽  
Rachma Ayunda ◽  
Saiful Bahri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Endophytic Fungi ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis Atcc

Endophytes or endophytic fungi have been investigated as a store house of bioactive compound. This study was aimed to evaluate the potential antibacterial activity of endophytic fungi isolated from Medinilla speciosa Blume. The antibacterial test was determined by measuring the inhibition zone with disk-diffusion method. Twenty endophytes were isolated from the leaves of Medinilla speciosa Blume and identified morphologically. The results demonstrated that ten isolates showed variation in their antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313. Further investigation will be needed to explore and identify the bioactive molecules of the isolated endophytic fungi.

scholarly journals Genus Profundiconus Kuroda, 1956 (Gastropoda, Conoidea): Morphological and molecular studies, with the description of five new species from the Solomon Islands and New Caledonia

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel J. Tenorio ◽  
Magalie Castelin
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Cox1 Gene ◽  
Internal Anatomy ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
Radular Tooth

The genus Profundiconus Kuroda, 1956 is reviewed. The morphological characters of the shell, radular tooth and internal anatomy of species in Profundiconus are discussed. In particular, we studied Profundiconus material collected by dredging in deep water during different scientific campaigns carried out in the Solomon Islands, Madagascar, Papua New Guinea and New Caledonia. We reconstructed a phylogeny of 55 individuals based on partial mitochondrial cox1 gene sequences. The phylogeny shows several clades containing individuals that do not match any of the known species of Profundiconus based on their shell and radular morphologies, and are introduced here as five new species: Profundiconus maribelae sp. nov. from the Solomon Islands; P. virginiae sp. nov. from Chesterfield Plateau (New Caledonia); P. barazeri sp. nov. from Chesterfield Plateau and the Grand Passage area (New Caledonia); P. puillandrei sp. nov. from Norfolk Ridge (New Caledonia), Kermadec Ridge (New Zealand) and possibly Balut Island (Philippines); and P. neocaledonicus sp. nov. from New Caledonia. Furthermore, Profundiconus teramachii forma neotorquatus (da Motta, 1984) is raised to specific status as P. neotorquatus (da Motta, 1984).

scholarly journals Sponge-Associated Actinobacteria: Morphological Character and Antibacterial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-26
Author(s):  
SASMIATI FARACH DITA ◽  
SRI BUDIARTI ◽  
YULIN LESTARI
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Marine Ecosystem ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Rrna Gene

Sponge-associated actinobacteria may diverse and have potency to produce bioactive compounds. Diversity and antimicrobial activity of indigenous sponge-associated actinobacteria isolated from the marine ecosystem in Indonesia have not much been explored. This work aimed to assess morphological and antibacterial activity of sponge-associated actinobacteria. The morphological characteristics were examined based on their color of aerial and substrate mycelia, and pigmentation, while antibacterial activities were assayed using the antagonist technique. The selected actinobacterial isolate was identified using 16S rRNA gene. Various sponge-associated actinobacteria were successfully isolated from Hyrtios sp., Callyspongia sp., and Neofibularia sp. sponges. A total of 62 actinobacterial isolates were obtained, and each isolate showed a variety of morphological characters, which could be seen in aerial mass color, substrate mass color, and pigmentation. Actinobacterial isolates were tested against human pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus and Methicillin-Resistant S. aureus, representing Gram-positive, and Escherichia coli EPEC K1-1 and Shigella dysenteriae, representing Gram-negative. Most of actinobacterial isolates had antimicrobial activities at least against one of pathogenic bacteria. High activity was shown by NOHa.2, isolated from Neofibularia, and HRHa.5 isolated from Hyrtios. The NOHa.2 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against S. dysenteriae, meanwhile, HRHa.5 showed antimicrobial activity against 3 of 4 tested bacterial pathogens. These data showed diversity of sponge-asccociated actinobacteria from marine ecosystem in Indonesia, and several of them have potency as source of antibacterial compounds

Potassium management for carrots in Prince Edward Island

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 1405-1407
Author(s):  
Kevin R. Sanderson ◽  
J. Brian Sanderson
Keyword(s):  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Parallel Line ◽  
Soil Test ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Muriate Of Potash ◽  
K Response ◽  
Podzol Soils

Nine field studies were conducted over a 3-yr period to determine the response of carrot (Daucus carota L.) to soilapplied K on sandy to loamy sand Orthic Podzol soils in Prince Edward Island (PEI), Canada. Mid-season soil K levels ranged from 34 to 103 µg g-1, and sites were classified as L– (very low), L (low) and M (medium) (Mehlich 3 extractable) according to the PEI Soil and Feed Testing Laboratory. Cultivars used were Imperator-type and the crops were managed to conform to local growing practices. Treatments consisted of preplant broadcast applied muriate of potash (KCl) at 0, 75, 150, 225 or 300 kg K ha-1. When no K was applied, total carrot yields on the L–, L and M soil K ratings were 70, 90 and 98% of the maximum yield, respectively. To achieve 95% of the maximum yield, 150, 75 and 0 kg K ha-1 were required on the L–, L and M soils, respectively. Increasing rates of applied K linearly increased the K content of carrot petioles and soil samples taken at harvest. Potassium content in the carrot roots increased linearly with the rate of applied K, but parallel line analyses indicated that separate K response lines were required for each K soil test rating. Rates of 300, 150 and 75 kg K ha-1 were required to increase root K content to above the published standard of 27 mg g-1 (DM basis) on the L–, L, and M soil K sites, respectively. Key words: Carrot, potassium, soil K rating, nutrient content, yield

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