Assessment of Genetic Diversity of Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) Genotypes through Biochemical Approach

Agricultural Science Digest - A Research Journal ◽

10.18805/ag.df-377 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mariam Khurshid

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Vitamin C ◽

Protein Content ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Sds Page ◽

The World ◽

Biochemical Approach

Background: Sugarcane is very important industrial and cash crop in Pakistan and in many countries of the world. It is worldwide an essential source of commercial sugar accounting for nearly 75 per cent of the world sugar production. Biochemical screening is first step in breeding to select superior genotypes in further breeding program. Methods: The experimental investigations were carried out on 10 different genotypes of sugarcane during consecutive years i.e., 2010-2012 to determine their genetic diversity by biochemical approach and SDS-PAGE analysis. The data on biochemical parameters i.e. reducing and non-reducing sugar, protein content, vitamin C, iron content, phosphorus content, calcium content and magnesium content in juice samples of various genotypes was recorded to assess biochemical composition. Result: The genotypes SPF-213, LHO83-153, CP-72-2086 performed better than other ones for reducing and non-reducing sugar, protein content, vitamin C and minerals content. However, on the basis of overall biochemical constituents CP-72-2086 was most efficient genotype. Electrophoretic mobility through SDS-PAGE was revealed clear genetic diversity among genotypes. As genotype S-06-US-469 and S-06-US-312 which showed unique pattern from common ancestors. These diverse genotypes could be successfully utilized in hybridization for improvement of crop.

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Comparison of selected Swiss chard (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.) varieties

Horticultural Science ◽

10.17221/4473-hortsci ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 29 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 114-118 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

R. Pokluda ◽

J. Kuben

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Plant Height ◽

Beta Vulgaris ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Calcium Content ◽

Magnesium Content ◽

Fresh Matter ◽

Plant Weight ◽

Swiss Chard

Evaluation of 12 Swiss chard varieties (Beta vulgaris ssp. cicla L.) in field experiments was focused on the observation of morphological characteristics, yield and nutritional quality of leaves and stalks. The following mean parameters of all varieties were found: 86% field germination, plant weight 346 g, plant height 506 mm, stalk width 23 mm, 10 leaves per plant, and yield 35 t/ha. Mean content of vitamin C was 307 and 72 mg/kg of fresh matter (f.m.) in leaves and stalks, respectively. Potassium content was 4,198 and 4,848 mg, sodium amount was 2,101 and 966 mg, calcium content was 481 and 310 mg and finally magnesium content represented the levels of 361 and 113 mg/kg of f.m., always in leaves and stalks. Significant effects of plant height and plant leaf number on total plant weight were found. Plants with the mean weight of 400 g formed the widest stalks. In addition, a negative effect of higher yield on vitamin C and Ca stalk content was detected. An opposite effect was determined in Na and partially in Mg stalk content that simultaneously increased with higher yield levels. The variety Lucullus is still comparable with newer varieties such as Gator, Zürcher Gelber andCharlotte, which achieved good results among all tested varieties.

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Growing Olives in Texas

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.39.4.799b ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 39 (4) ◽

pp. 799B-799

Author(s):

Nasir S.A. Malik* ◽

Joe M. Bradford ◽

Jim Brockington

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Genetic Diversity ◽

Rio Grande Valley ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

The World ◽

Olive Cultivation ◽

Olive Trees ◽

Olive Varieties

Olives have not been commercially grown in Texas because earlier investigators considered Texas climate inappropriate for olive cultivation. No experimental investigations were conducted in Texas. Olives, however, grow in very diverse climatic conditions throughout the world. More than 2000 varieties of olives have been reported worldwide. Olive accessions have also shown adaptability to local climates. United States imports thousands of tons of olive oil each year. Some of these requirements could be fulfilled internally if vast lands available for cultivation in Texas could be utilized for olive production. We have started experimental research growing olives in Texas. Our initial surveys of olives groves established during the last 4-6 years have revealed the existence of at least two trees with remarkable adaptability to Texas conditions. One of these trees had flowered and fruited in the Rio Grande Valley where earlier workers had predicted that flowering in olives will not occur. Thus, there appears enough genetic diversity and clonal variations even among existing olive trees in Texas that there is a hope for viable cultivations of olives in Texas. Clones from these trees have now been produced for testing at various locations within the Texas Valley. Grafting experiments have shown that scions from flowering shoots could produce flowers even on juvenile rootstocks thus providing quicker methods for propagating and evaluating selected clones. Relatively inexpensive chilling chambers were developed to study chilling requirements for flower induction in selected olive varieties. Out initial data shows that Arbequina could flower under mild chilling conditions.

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GROWING OLIVES IN TEXAS; REGULATION OF FLOWERING IN `ARBEQUINA'

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.41.3.509f ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 509F-510

Author(s):

S. Nasir ◽

A. Malik ◽

Joe M. Bradford ◽

Jim Brockington

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Experimental Investigations ◽

Mild Conditions ◽

The World ◽

Olive Cultivation ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Olive Trees ◽

Arbequina Cultivar ◽

Chilling Hours

Olives have not been commercially grown in Texas because earlier investigators considered Texas climate inappropriate for olive cultivation. No experimental investigations were conducted in Texas. Olives, however, grow in very diverse climatic conditions throughout the world, and >2000 cultivars of olives have been reported worldwide. To study temperature regulation of flowering in olives, relatively inexpensive growth chambers were developed. These walk-in type growth chambers can be made with about $7K where as costs of similar size commercial chambers could reach to $100K. Using these chambers we have discovered that flowering and fruiting in `Arbequina' cultivar of olives could be achieved under mild conditions with almost no typical chilling (<7 °C) hours. We postulated that it is the high daytime temperature that prevent flowering in olives in southern Texas rather than lack of chilling hours. Further experiments demonstrated that subjecting trees to 24 °C for 4 hours everyday during winter could significantly reduce flowering in Arbequina. It appeared that several sites near coastal Texas, particularly Galveston, may not experience high daytime temperatures and hence could be suitable for olive cultivation. Trees have now been planted in these sites, but serendipitously several olive trees, >25 years old, were found in Galveston that had been flowering and fruiting for years. Olive accessions have also shown adaptability to local climates at various other sites in Southern Texas. Our initial surveys of olives groves established during the last 4–6 years have revealed the existence of at least two trees with remarkable adaptability to Texas conditions. One of these trees had flowered and fruited in the Rio Grand Valley where earlier workers had predicted that flowering in olives will not occur. Thus, there appears some genetic diversity and clonal variations among limited number of existing olive trees in Texas that there is a hope for viable cultivations of olives in Texas. Clones from these trees have now been produced which will be planted at various locations within the Texas Valley to evaluate their performance in the next few years.

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Unveiling a unique genetic diversity of cultivated Coffea arabica L. in its main domestication center: Yemen

Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution ◽

10.1007/s10722-021-01139-y ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

C. Montagnon ◽

A. Mahyoub ◽

W. Solano ◽

F. Sheibani

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Distance ◽

Coffea Arabica ◽

Genetic Improvement ◽

The World ◽

Genetic Clusters ◽

Domestication Process ◽

Almost All ◽

Coffea Arabica L ◽

Cup Quality

AbstractWhilst it is established that almost all cultivated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) varieties originated in Yemen after some coffee seeds were introduced into Yemen from neighboring Ethiopia, the actual coffee genetic diversity in Yemen and its significance to the coffee world had never been explored. We observed five genetic clusters. The first cluster, which we named the Ethiopian-Only (EO) cluster, was made up exclusively of the Ethiopian accessions. This cluster was clearly separated from the Yemen and cultivated varieties clusters, hence confirming the genetic distance between wild Ethiopian accessions and coffee cultivated varieties around the world. The second cluster, which we named the SL-17 cluster, was a small cluster of cultivated worldwide varieties and included no Yemen samples. Two other clusters were made up of worldwide varieties and Yemen samples. We named these the Yemen Typica-Bourbon cluster and the Yemen SL-34 cluster. Finally, we observed one cluster that was unique to Yemen and was not related to any known cultivated varieties and not even to any known Ethiopian accession: we name this cluster the New-Yemen cluster. We discuss the consequences of these findings and their potential to pave the way for further comprehensive genetic improvement projects for the identification of major resilience/adaptation and cup quality genes that have been shaped through the domestication process of C. arabica.

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Molecular analysis of genetic diversity in population of Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn in Egypt

Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.1186/s43141-019-0011-6 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marwa Hamouda

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Electrophoretic Pattern ◽

Issr Markers ◽

Silybum Marianum ◽

Inter Simple Sequence Repeats ◽

Sds Page ◽

Dna Pattern ◽

Pharmaceutical Properties ◽

High Level ◽

Rapd And Issr

Abstract Background Silybum marianum L. Gaertn is a medicinal plant of unique pharmaceutical properties in the treatment of liver disorders and diabetic nephropathy. Biochemical (SDS-PAGE) and molecular markers such as randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR) technologies were used in this work to detect genetic diversity of 14 collections of Silybum marianum population in Egypt. Results The electrophoretic pattern of seed protein gave different molecular weight bands, ranging from 24 to 111 KDa with the presence of unique bands. RAPD results revealed a high level of polymorphism (73.2%) using 12 RAPD primers, but only eight of them gave reproducible polymorphic DNA pattern. Sixteen primers were used in the ISSR method; only ten of them yielded clearly identifiable bands. The percentage of polymorphism is about 80% of the studied samples. Conclusion The obtained data confirmed that SDS-protein, RAPD, and ISSR markers are important tools for genetic analysis for Silybum marianum and recommended to give accurate results.

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Genetic diversity of Avena strigosa Schreb. ecotypes on the basis of isoenzyme markers

Biodiversity Research and Conservation ◽

10.2478/v10119-009-0013-3 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 23-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Katarzyna Kubiak

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Similarity ◽

Avena Strigosa ◽

Total Genetic Diversity ◽

Geographical Regions ◽

The World ◽

Total Variability ◽

The Mean ◽

Intrapopulation Diversity ◽

Very High

Genetic diversity ofAvena strigosaSchreb. ecotypes on the basis of isoenzyme markersGenetic diversity was analyzed in 19 ecotypes of the diploid oatA. strigosaoriginating from various geographical regions of the world. Six isoenzyme systems (AAT, ACP, EST, LAP, MDH, PX) were studied and 16 loci were identified. Only two loci (Est4andMdh2) were polymorphic. Ecotypes were characterized by the percentage of polymorphic loci (P=3.3%), the mean number of alleles per locus (A=1.04) and intrapopulation diversity (HS=0.013). Total genetic diversity (HT=0.07) and interpopulation diversity (DST=0.057) were examined as well. The value of the coefficient of gene differentiation (GST=0.821) indicated that diversity among populations was an important contributor to total variability. Genetic similarity betweenA. strigosapopulations was very high (IN=0.94). Cluster analysis did not demonstrate strongly differentiated groups among the ecotypes examined.

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Genetic Diversity of Salvia Species Assessed by ISSR and RAPD Markers

Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca ◽

10.15835/nbha44210391 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 44 (2) ◽

pp. 431-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Masoumeh YOUSEFIAZARKHANIAN ◽

Ali ASGHARI ◽

Jafar AHMADI ◽

Behvar ASGHARI ◽

Ali Ashraf JAFARI

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Polymorphisms ◽

Genomic Dna ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Relationships ◽

Genetic Variations ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Wild Populations ◽

Similarity Coefficients ◽

The World

The genus Salvia includes an enormous assemblage of nearly 1,000 species dispersed around the world. Due to possible threats to this genus, there is an immediate requirement to evaluate the diversity of its wild populations. ISSR and RAPD molecular techniques were used to evaluate the genetic relationships among twenty-one ecotypes of eight Salvia species. Amplification of genomic DNA using 23 primers (15 RAPD and eight ISSR) produced 280 bands, of which 91% were polymorphic. The results of marker parameters showed no clear difference between two marker systems. It was generally observed that both ISSR and RAPD markers had similar efficiency in detecting genetic polymorphisms with remarkable ability to differentiate the closely related ecotypes of Salvia. Neiâ€™s similarity coefficients for these techniques ranged from 0.48 to 0.98. Based on the results of clustering, PCoA and AMOVA, the genetic diversity between and within species was confirmed. So, conservation and domestication of the genus Salvia must be due to levels of genetic variations.

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Morpho-Biochemical Characteristics of Brinjal Germplasms Affect the Abundance And Infestation of Jassid

SAARC Journal of Agriculture ◽

10.3329/sja.v19i1.54780 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

pp. 81-91

Author(s):

F Yasmin ◽

MR Amin ◽

M Afroz ◽

MAH Swapon ◽

MM Hossain

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Chlorophyll Content ◽

Negative Correlation ◽

Significant Positive Correlation ◽

Significant Negative Correlation ◽

Reducing Sugar ◽

Total Sugar ◽

The Other ◽

Biochemical Characteristics ◽

Positive Correlation

The tropical vegetable, brinjal is cultivated throughout the year in Bangladesh but the crop is infested by a number of insects including jassid. This study investigated the effects of different biophysical and biochemical characteristics of twelve brinjal germplasms on the abundance and infestation of jassid. The experiment was conducted during September 2018 to March 2019 in Gazipur, Bangladesh with twelve brinjal germplasms namely BD-7320, BD-7328, BD-9952, BD-10154, BD-10158, BARI Begun-1, BARI Begun-4, BARI Begun-5, BARI Begun- 6, BARI Begun-7, BARI Begun-8 and BARI Begun-9. The incidence of jassid was recorded from 3rd December to 26th March, and the lowest population was found on BARI Begun- 6. Among the biophysical traits, plant height, number of branch and leaf per plant, and leaf area exerted significant positive correlation; whereas trichome on lower and upper surfaces of leaf, spine per stem and leaf showed significant negative correlation with the abundance of jassid. On the other hand, moisture, reducing sugar, total sugar and protein content of the leaves and fruits, chlorophyll content of the leaves exerts significant positive correlation but ash and pH contents of the leaves and fruits were negatively correlated with the abundance of jassid. Jassids showed the lowest level of leaf infestation on BARI Begun-6, which could be for further analysis to develop jassid resistant brinjal. SAARC J. Agric., 19(1): 81-91 (2021)

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GENETIC DIVERSITY IN NON-OILSEED SUNFLOWER (Helianthus annuus L.) GENOTYPES / DIVERSIDAD GENETICA DE GENOTIPOS NO OLEAGINOSOS DEL GIRASOL (Helianthus annuus L.) / DIVERSITÉ GÉNÉTIQUE DANS LES GÉNOTYPES DE TOURNESOL NON-OLÉAGINEUX (Helianthus annuus L.)

Helia ◽

10.1515/helia.2001.24.34.17 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 24 (34) ◽

pp. 17-24

Author(s):

K. Manjula ◽

H.L. Nadaf ◽

K. Giriraj

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Protein Content ◽

Helianthus Annuus ◽

Plant Height ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Oil Content ◽

Diversité Génétique ◽

Helianthus Annuus L ◽

Volume Weight ◽

Seed Characteristics

SUMMARYGenetic diversity was assessed in 46 non-oilseed sunflower genotypes for 14 characters by adopting D2 analysis. Oil content and plant height exhibited maximum contributions towards genetic divergence. The genotypes were grouped into 11 clusters. The inter-cluster D2 values ranged from 288.17 to 3972.34. The contribution of oil content towards genetic divergence in the 46 genotypes was confirmed when D2 analysis was performed for seed characteristics such as test weight, volume weight, hull content, kernel recovery, oil and protein content.

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