scholarly journals Spices Production in Ethiopia: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Habtamu Deribe
Keyword(s):  
Technology Training ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Export Earning ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Total Export ◽  
Processing Technology ◽  
Hot Pepper ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status

These papers describe the status, challenges and opportunities of spices production in Ethiopia. It has the highest potential to produce a lot of spice crops. The country mainly produces; Korarima, chillies, turmeric, ginger, black pepper, cumin, fenugreek, coriander and so forth. In spite of the fact that the country has great potential for various spices production, the subsector of spices had remained and neglected and subsequently the level of production and share of spice crops of the total export earning of the country is at considerably low level. Hence, it is essential to describe the status, challenges and opportunities of spices sector in Ethiopia, for best uses of the potential and used spice crop resources. Among the various spices crops, chilli/hot pepper is the most commonly produced spices in Ethiopia. Similarly, the Ethiopian spice productions have showed a declining trend from 2013 onwards. This is mainly due to the disease that considerably affects ginger production and the rapid increasing domestic demand of spices. Therefore, intervention and provide awareness for spices growers on using improved production and processing technology, training across all production and productivity, formulating strong marketing regulations and proclamation is of paramount importance to increase the production, profits and productivity.

scholarly journals Democratizing ownership and participation in the 4th Industrial Revolution: challenges and opportunities in cellular agriculture

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Chiles ◽  
Garrett Broad ◽  
Mark Gagnon ◽  
Nicole Negowetti ◽  
Leland Glenna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
High Stakes ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Industry Sectors

AbstractThe emergence of the “4th Industrial Revolution,” i.e. the convergence of artificial intelligence, the Internet of Things, advanced materials, and bioengineering technologies, could accelerate socioeconomic insecurities and anxieties or provide beneficial alternatives to the status quo. In the post-Covid-19 era, the entities that are best positioned to capitalize on these innovations are large firms, which use digital platforms and big data to orchestrate vast ecosystems of users and extract market share across industry sectors. Nonetheless, these technologies also have the potential to democratize ownership, broaden political-economic participation, and reduce environmental harms. We articulate the potential sociotechnical pathways in this high-stakes crossroads by analyzing cellular agriculture, an exemplary 4th Industrial Revolution technology that synergizes computer science, biopharma, tissue engineering, and food science to grow cultured meat, dairy, and egg products from cultured cells and/or genetically modified yeast. Our exploration of this space involved multi-sited ethnographic research in both (a) the cellular agriculture community and (b) alternative economic organizations devoted to open source licensing, member-owned cooperatives, social financing, and platform business models. Upon discussing how these latter approaches could potentially facilitate alternative sociotechnical pathways in cellular agriculture, we reflect upon the broader implications of this work with respect to the 4th Industrial Revolution and the enduring need for public policy reform.

Global Regulatory Standards in Environmental and Health Disputes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline E. Foster
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
International Court Of Justice ◽  
Regulatory Standards ◽  
International Court ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Private Actors ◽  
Fragmentation Of International Law ◽  
The Relationship

Potentially global regulatory standards are emerging from the environmental and health jurisprudence of the International Court of Justice, the World Trade Organization, under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, and investor-state dispute settlement. Most prominent are the three standards of regulatory coherence, due regard for the rights of others, and due diligence in the prevention of harm. These global regulatory standards are a phenomenon of our times, representing a new contribution to the ordering of the relationship between domestic and international law, and inferring a revised conception of sovereignty in an increasingly pluralistic global legal era. However, considered with regard to jurisprudential theory on relative authority, the legitimacy of the resulting ‘standards-enriched’ international law remains open to question. Procedurally, although they are well-placed to provide valuable input, international courts and tribunals should not be the only fora in which these standards are elaborated. Substantively, challenges and opportunities lie ahead in the ongoing development of global regulatory standards. Debate over whether regulatory coherence should go beyond reasonableness and rationality requirements and require proportionality in the relationship between regulatory measures and their objectives is central. Due regard, the most novel of the emerging standards, may help protect international law’s legitimacy claims in the interim. Meanwhile, all actors should attend to the integration rather than the fragmentation of international law, and to changes in the status of private actors.

scholarly journals Hearing loss and cognition: a discussion for audiologists and hearing healthcare professionals

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 72-78
Author(s):  
Douglas L Beck ◽  
Sarah Bant ◽  
Nathan A Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
British Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
People With Dementia ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Impact Patient Care ◽  
The Relationship

Among researchers, clinicians and patients, there is widespread and growing interest in the relationship between hearing and cognition. The Cognition in Hearing Special Interest Group (SIG) is part of the British Society of Audiology (BSA) and is uniquely positioned to explore the relationship between hearing loss, amplification and cognitive ability and cognitive decline. The multiplicity of emerging reports concerning hearing loss and cognition is increasing rapidly. In light of this vast growth, there is a risk that clinicians may be left uncertain regarding the nature and extent of the emerging evidence linking hearing and cognition. The trickle-down corollary of such uncertainty can negatively impact patient care. Answering challenging questions and disseminating complex information about the latest evidence-based hearing science are a daily part of any clinician’s role and those in audiology services may be asked “How does my hearing loss affect my chance of getting dementia?” or “can hearing aids help people with dementia?” This discussion is therefore, based on articles and information our committee members selected to represent the status quo. The Cognition in Hearing SIG aims, through this discussion article, to provide clinicians a contemporary understanding of research on this topic. We will discuss evidence concerning hearing loss and cognition and how it relates to people living with hearing loss and cognitive decline or dementia, and we shall pose some challenges and opportunities for future research and clinical practice evidence. Therefore, to address these aims in an accessible manner for clinicians, the Cognition in Hearing SIG shall address the following broad questions: What is the relationship between hearing loss and cognition? What do we know about hearing loss and cognitive performance? Is there a link between hearing loss, cognitive decline, and dementia? Can we intervene on the relationship between hearing loss and cognition?

Transformal Role of Product Design in Singapore’s Transition to a Service Economy

2011 ◽  
pp. 431-446
Author(s):  
Peer M. Sathikh
Keyword(s):  
Product Design ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Small Population ◽  
East India Company ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Government ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
City State

Singapore, a city state of 4.8 million people, located at the tip of the Malaysian Peninsula, was founded in 1819, when Sir Stamford Raffles of the East India Company established a trading settlement in Singapore. The meeting point for Chinese, Malays, Indians, Arabs, Europeans and others on their journey through the southern seas, Singapore achieved its initial economic success through international trade as a free port and free market. Given the status of an independent country in 1965, Singapore suddenly found itself in a struggle to survive. It’s small population and scarce resources meant that regional and world markets were larger than the domestic market, presenting the government and its policymakers with distinctive economic challenges and opportunities. This chapter tries to recount the policies and subsequent actions put in place in Singapore from the 1960s till the present, promoting the creative industry, including product design, in order to transform a market dependent economy into a service centered economy. This chapter also discusses if and how such a ‘planned intervention’ played an important role in building up the resources and infrastructure within Singapore and in attracting multi-national companies to locate their R&D and design facilities in Singapore, pointing to where it has succeeded and where it has not.

scholarly journals Practice Management Knowledge Amongst Plastic Surgery Residents in Canada: A National Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Al-Shaqsi ◽  
Brian Hong ◽  
Ryan E Austin ◽  
Kyle Wanzel
Keyword(s):  
Plastic Surgery ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Management Training ◽  
Practice Management ◽  
Healthcare Provision ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Likert Score ◽  
The Status ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
Critical Components

Abstract Business and practice management principles are critical components of healthcare provision. Business and practice management is currently undertaught in plastic surgery training programs. The objective was to assess the status of business and practice management teaching amongst plastic surgery programs in Canada. An online survey of all enrolled plastic surgery residents was conducted in 2019 to 2020. Participants were invited to rate their knowledge and confidence about core principles in business and practice management. Sixty-five out of 126 residents responded to this survey (response rate, 51.6%). Only 7.8% of participants had previous business and practice management training; 23.1% reported receiving training in business and practice management during their residency. Participants reported a low level of knowledge and confidence in business and practice management (average Likert score between 3 and 4). Participants reported a high desire for future training in business and practice management particularly in billing and coding (91.2%) and business operations (91.2%). Plastic surgery residents in Canada reported a low level of knowledge and confidence about business and practice management. They desire the inclusion of business and practice management training in future curriculum.

scholarly journals Composites with carbon nanotubes and graphene: An outlook

Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 362 (6414) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian A. Kinloch ◽  
Jonghwan Suhr ◽  
Jun Lou ◽  
Robert J. Young ◽  
Pulickel M. Ajayan
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Load Transfer ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Interfacial Engineering ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Impact

Composite materials with carbon nanotube and graphene additives have long been considered as exciting prospects among nanotechnology applications. However, after nearly two decades of work in the area, questions remain about the practical impact of nanotube and graphene composites. This uncertainty stems from factors that include poor load transfer, interfacial engineering, dispersion, and viscosity-related issues that lead to processing challenges in such nanocomposites. Moreover, there has been little effort to identify selection rules for the use of nanotubes or graphene in composite matrices for specific applications. This review is a critical look at the status of composites for developing high-strength, low-density, high-conductivity materials with nanotubes or graphene. An outlook of the different approaches that can lead to practically useful nanotube and graphene composites is presented, pointing out the challenges and opportunities that exist in the field.

CARBON NANOTUBE FIELD-EFFECT TRANSISTORS

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 897-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
JING GUO ◽  
SIYURANGA O. KOSWATTA ◽  
NEOPHYTOS NEOPHYTOU ◽  
MARK LUNDSTROM
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotube ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Field Effect ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Device Physics ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Device Technology

This paper discusses the device physics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs). After reviewing the status of device technology, we use results of our numerical simulations to discuss the physics of CNTFETs emphasizing the similarities and differences with traditional FETs. The discussion shows that our understanding of CNTFET device physics has matured to the point where experiments can be explained and device designs optimized. The paper concludes with some thoughts on challenges and opportunities for CNTFET electronics.

Challenges and Opportunities in Multifunctional Nanocomposite Structures for Aerospace Applications

MRS Bulletin ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Baur ◽  
Edward Silverman
Keyword(s):  
Composite Structures ◽  
Reinforced Composites ◽  
Aerospace Applications ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hierarchical Composites ◽  
Easy Integration ◽  
Nanocomposite Structures ◽  
Made In

AbstractOne important application of nanocomposites is their use in engineered structural composites. Among the wide variety of structural applications, fiber-reinforced composites for aerospace structures have some of the most demanding physical, chemical, electrical, thermal, and mechanical property requirements. Nanocomposites offer tremendous po tential to improve the properties of advanced engineered composites with modest additional weight and easy integration into current proc essing schemes. Sig nificant progress has been made in fulfilling this vision. In particular, nanocomposites have been applied at numerous locations within hierarchical composites to improve specific properties and optimize the multifunctional properties of the overall structure. Within this ar ticle, we review the status of nanocomposite incorporation into aerospace composite structures and the need for continued development.

A Situational Analysis of the Status of Midwifery in North Africa and the Middle East

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atf Ghérissi ◽  
Judith Marie Brown
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Situational Analysis ◽  
Mena Region ◽  
Midwifery Education ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
The Status ◽  
Strategic Goals ◽  
First Time

Midwives from the Middle East and North African (MENA) region convened in Dubai, United Arab Emirates in 2012 to engage for the first time ever in a discussion concerning regional strategic interventions to strengthen midwifery and the work of midwives in the Arab countries. The workshop was an opportunity to establish a culture of positive and balanced collaboration and mutual understanding among midwives and between midwives and other maternity care professionals including nurses and obstetricians. Key challenges and opportunities in midwifery in the MENA region were identified. Participants agreed on strategic goals to strengthening midwifery education, regulation, and associations in the MENA region.

Study on Development Trend of Intellectualization of Condition Monitoring for Port Logistics Machinery in Western China

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 2394-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Ya Shuang Wu ◽  
Lin Shuai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Western China ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Port Logistics ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development And Evolution

The Intellectualization of Condition Monitoring for Port Logistics machinery is an important part of port informatization. In this aspect, it is still at a low level in Chinas western port. This paper describes the intellectualized monitoring mode, technological development and evolution of the domestic and foreign ports. Then analyzes the status of the western port intellectualized monitoring, Researches its existing problems and studies its development trend.

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