scholarly journals Status of Production, Reproduction and Management Practices of Dairy Cow in Ethiopia: A Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayesa Tolasa ◽  
Eyob Onto ◽  
Bushera Badeso
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Feeding Method ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Reproduction Performance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Different Parts

In Ethiopia, farmers are practicing animal husbandry under different production systems. However, the production and reproduction performance of dairy cows are very low due to the reasons such, the low genetic capacity of the indigenous cow for milk production, substandard feeding and poor health care. By considering this, the paper is aims to review the status of production, reproduction and management practices of indigenous and crossbred dairy cow. A number of research works have been done since two last decades to evaluate and improve the production and reproduction performance of indigenous and crossbred dairy cow in the country. On this basis, the average milk yield was not being exceeded 2liters per day for indigenous dairy cow. On the other hand, the average age at first service was ranged between 18.7 and 24 months for crossbred dairy cow. Further, the average age at first calving was being extended to 48.9 and 37.95 months for indigenous and crossbreed dairy cow, respectively. Regarding management practices, more farmers are using separate house for their dairy cow and they haven’t experience of record keeping in different parts of the country. Moreover, stall feeding was the primary feeding method which has been reported by many authors. Therefore, it should be emphasized to enhance improved management practices by the dairy farmers.

Comparative study of feeding and breeding management practices of dairy farmers in two different production systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Raja Sekhar ◽  
N. Rajanna ◽  
M. Mahender ◽  
Ch. Satyanarayana
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Personal Contact ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Breeding Management ◽  
Natural Service

A field survey was conducted in peri urban and urban areas of Hyderabad city of Telangana state. The data was collected from hundred farmers selected from ten mandals by simple random sampling method for the study. The data on feeding and breeding management practices was collected by personal contact by using a pre-tested questionnaire. The study revealed that farmers followed colostrum feeding to new born calves, fed concentrates in soaked form before milking to the lactating animals, practiced hay making, provided extra allowance during advanced pregnancy and fed mineral supplements. Proper heat detection and insemination of the animals at right time was significantly (P>0.01) higher in peri urban areas than urban area. Majority of farmers followed combination of A.I and natural service for mating of their animals. Most of the farmers followed pregnancy diagnosis at three months in the peri urban (82.0%) area than in urban (36.0%) area. Majority of the dairy farmers bred their animals between 3-5 months after calving in urban and peri-urban areas. Overall farmers were well aware of scientific and organized herd management practices.

The role of record keeping and maintenance in enhancing decision making among smallholder dairy farmers in Gitugi Ward in Murang’a County, Kenya

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Maku Gichohi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Basic Education ◽  
Dairy Farm ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Smallholder Dairy

Dairy farmers are expected to maintain farm records for aiding decisions making. However, the extent to which farm records inform decision making is not clear in Gitugi Ward in Murang’a County, Kenya. This study aimed to determine the role that record keeping and maintenance play in enhancing decision making of smallholder dairy farmers in that area. Descriptive survey research design was used to examine 175 smallholder dairy farmers. Simple random sampling technique was used in getting a sample size of 118 subjects. Data was collected using questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS. Ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to test the underlying proposition. Most smallholder dairy farmers have adequate experience in dairy farming and have minimum basic education, although not sufficient for making complex computations and interpretations for key decision making. The kind of decisions made based on dairy farm records statistically and significantly affect output in dairy farming businesses. Livestock Extension Officers should embark on advocacy programs, sensitization workshops, mentorship and training programs on record maintenance practices to ensure dairy farm records are preserved and utilized in supporting decision making. The findings of this study contribute to improvement of dairy farming information management practices and in making data-supported decisions among dairy farmers in Gitugi Ward, Mathioya Sub-County and in other geopolitical regions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Two Different Management Practices under Organic Farming System

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Jiří Antošovský ◽  
Martin Prudil ◽  
Milan Gruber ◽  
Pavel Ryant
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Organic Farming ◽  
Production System ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Organic Fertilizers

Organic farmers usually do not have the opportunity to address the actual symptoms of deficiency through the foliar application of synthetic fertilization, therefore, the main treatment is realized by green manure crop cultivation and application of organic fertilizers. The aim of this long-term experiment was to compare two different production systems with and without livestock in terms of organic farming, and a control variant with no fertilization was also included (treatment 1). The production system without animal husbandry was based on solely the application of renewable external resources (compost or digestate) (treatment 2) and the same fertilization with the addition of auxiliary substances (AS) (treatment 3). The production system with animal husbandry included utilization of fertilizers produced on the farm (fermented urine or manure) using solely farm fertilizers (treatment 4) and in addition with AS (treatment 5). Each treatment had three replications. This work describes the average yields from four experimental years and five experimental localities. Winter wheat, potatoes, winter wheat spelt and legume-cereal mix with corn were used and examined as model crops during the first four years of this long-term research. The highest average yield of winter wheat grain and potato tubers during the first two years of the experiment were obtained after the treatments 2 (7.1 t/ha grain, 33,9 t/ha tubers) and 3 (7.0 t/ha grain, 34,1 t/ha tubers). The several times higher nitrogen content in applied digestate and compost in comparison with fermented urine and manure was probably the reason for such results. On the contrary, the results obtained from the third (spelt) and fourth (LCM and corn) experimental years favored treatment 4 (5,5 t/ha grain, 4,6 cereal unit/ha) and 5 (5,4 t/ha grain, 4,7 cereal unit/ha) from the long-term point of view. After four experimental years, the presented results supported the application of farm fertilizers as a preferable option. The treatments with additional application of AS did not provide a higher yield, therefore, such an application seems unnecessary.

scholarly journals Incidence of Reproductive Disorders in Cattle and Buffalo under Field Conditions in Eastern Plain Zone of Uttar Pradesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 66-68
Author(s):  
HC Verma ◽  
Ashoo . ◽  
Rakesh Kumar Singh ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Ramakant . ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Healthcare Management ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Crossbred Cattle ◽  
Reproductive Disorders ◽  
Dairy Farmers ◽  
Indigenous Cattle

This study was conducted in the Barabanki district of Uttar Pradesh on reproductive disorders in cattle and buffaloes under field conditions. The information was generated from 120 farmers, 20 farmers from each of six selected villages, who had at least one milking dairy animal at the time of the investigation. The information was generated regarding reproductive disorders of indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, and buffalo due to improper feeding, breeding, and healthcare management practices and was analyzed to explore the incidence rate of reproductive disorders faced by dairy farmers in three categories of animals. The overall incidence rate of reproductive disorders among indigenous cattle, crossbred cattle, and buffalo in the area surveyed revealed maximum incidence in buffalo (76.05 %) and minimum in indigenous cattle (48.77 %), the crossbreds being intermediate (72.62 %). Late maturity was the major problem in indigenous cattle and anoestrus in buffalo. The incidence of repeat breeding was the highest in crossbred cattle. Dystocia, prolapse and stillbirth were more in buffaloes, while abortion, RFM, and uterine infections were more in crossbred cattle. Reproductive disorders like dystocia, prolapse, abortion and stillbirth were mostly treated by veterinarians; however, remaining reproductive disorders like anoestrus, repeat breeding, uterine infection etc. were treated by dairy farmers and quacks through their own experiences by using different type of indigenous technical knowledge. There is a need to create awareness about scientific animal husbandry practices among dairy farmers of the region studied.

Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Gradel ◽  
Gerelbaatar Sukhbaatar ◽  
Daniel Karthe ◽  
Hoduck Kang
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Land Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Forest Health ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Driven System ◽  
The Status

The natural conditions, climate change and socio-economic challenges related to the transformation from a socialistic society towards a market-driven system make the implementation of sustainable land management practices in Mongolia especially complicated. Forests play an important role in land management. In addition to providing resources and ecosystem functions, Mongolian forests protect against land degradation.We conducted a literature review of the status of forest management in Mongolia and lessons learned, with special consideration to halting deforestation and degradation. We grouped our review into seven challenges relevant to developing regionally adapted forest management systems that both safeguard forest health and consider socio-economic needs. In our review, we found that current forest management in Mongolia is not always sustainable, and that some practices lack scientific grounding. An overwhelming number of sources noticed a decrease in forest area and quality during the last decades, although afforestation initiatives are reported to have increased. We found that they have had, with few exceptions, only limited success. During our review, however, we found a number of case studies that presented or proposed promising approaches to (re-)establishing and managing forests. These studies are further supported by a body of literature that examines how forest administration, and local participation can be modified to better support sustainable forestry. Based on our review, we conclude that it is necessary to integrate capacity development and forest research into holistic initiatives. A special focus should be given to the linkages between vegetation cover and the hydrological regime.

Proposal for Improving Records Management Practices of Traditional Institutions in Ga Molepo, South Africa

Mousaion ◽  
10.25159/2054 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-67
Author(s):  
Mahlaga Johannes Molepo ◽  
Linda M. Cloete
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Records Management ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Local Municipalities ◽  
Management Procedures ◽  
Traditional Institutions

The way in which an institution treats its records is crucial for its survival in a rapidly changing society. The purpose of the study was to investigate the records management practices and challenges faced by traditional institutions of leadership and governance in Ga Molepo, Limpopo, South Africa. The researcher employed a cross-sectional survey in order to quantitatively examine the challenges faced by members of traditional councils. A researcher administered questionnaire was used as a data collection tool to study a stratified sample of 35 members from an estimated population of 350. The findings revealed patterns and trends of non-compliance with records management standards and guidelines. Although there were sporadic cases of record keeping, a greater number of respondents revealed that traditional institutions lack the facilities, equipment, education and trained/skilled personnel to apply correct records management procedures in their daily administration of their traditional communities. The main value of the study is to create awareness of records management as one of the neglected areas in traditional institutions – which are by current legislative arrangement, the closest form of leadership and governance for rural communities in light of their relationship with local municipalities and the Department of Cooperative Governance and Traditional Affairs.

Nitrate Leaching to a Shallow Mid-Atlantic Coastal Plain Aquifer as Influenced by Conventional No-Till and Low-Input Sustainable Grain Production Systems

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (3-5) ◽  
pp. 691-700 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Craig ◽  
R. R. Weil
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Atlantic Coastal Plain ◽  
Grain Production ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Low Input ◽  
No Till

In December, 1987, the states in the Chesapeake Bay region, along with the federal government, signed an agreement which called for a 40% reduction in nitrogen and phosphorus loadings to the Bay by the year 2000. To accomplish this goal, major reductions in nutrient loadings associated with agricultural management practices were deemed necessary. The objective of this study was to determine if reducing fertilizer inputs to the NT system would result in a reduction in nitrogen contamination of groundwater. In this study, groundwater, soil, and percolate samples were collected from two cropping systems. The first system was a conventional no-till (NT) grain production system with a two-year rotation of corn/winter wheat/double crop soybean. The second system, denoted low-input sustainable agriculture (LISA), produced the same crops using a winter legume and relay-cropped soybeans into standing wheat to reduce nitrogen and herbicide inputs. Nitrate-nitrogen concentrations in groundwater were significantly lower under the LISA system. Over 80% of the NT groundwater samples had NO3-N concentrations greater than 10 mgl-1, compared to only 4% for the LISA cropping system. Significantly lower soil mineral N to a depth of 180 cm was also observed. The NT soil had nearly twice as much mineral N present in the 90-180 cm portion than the LISA cropping system.

Status of Family Fissidentaceae in Gujarat

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D.G. Shah ◽  
D.N. Mehta ◽  
R.V. Gujar
Keyword(s):  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Reproductive Structures ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Status ◽  
Vegetative Characters ◽  
First Time ◽  
Different Parts

Bryophytes are the second largest group of land plants and are also known as the amphibians of the plant kingdom. 67 species of bryophytes have been reported from select locations across the state of Gujrat. The status of family fissidentaceae which is a large moss family is being presented in this paper. Globally the family consists of 10 genera but only one genus, Fissidens Hedw. has been collected from Gujarat. Fissidens is characterized by a unique leaf structure and shows the presence of three distinct lamina, the dorsal, the ventral and the vaginant lamina. A total of 8 species of Fissidens have been reported from the state based on vegetative characters as no sporophyte stages were collected earlier. Species reported from the neighboring states also showed the absence of sporophytes. The identification of different species was difficult due to substantial overlap in vegetative characters. Hence a detailed study on the diversity of members of Fissidentaceae in Gujarat was carried out between November 2013 and February 2015. In present study 8 distinct species of Fissidens have been collected from different parts of the state. Three species Fissidens splachnobryoides Broth., Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens curvato-involutus Dixon. have been identified while the other five are still to be identified. Fissidens zollingerii Mont. and Fissidens xiphoides M. Fleisch., which have been reported as distinct species are actually synonyms according to TROPICOS database. The presence of sexual reproductive structures and sporophytes for several Fissidens species are also being reported for the first time from the state.

scholarly journals Legumes increase grassland productivity with no effect on nitrous oxide emissions

2019 ◽  
Vol 446 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 163-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlete S. Barneze ◽  
Jeanette Whitaker ◽  
Niall P. McNamara ◽  
Nicholas J. Ostle
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Relative Proportion ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Grassland Productivity

Abstract Aims Grasslands are important agricultural production systems, where ecosystem functioning is affected by land management practices. Grass-legume mixtures are commonly cultivated to increase grassland productivity while reducing the need for nitrogen (N) fertiliser. However, little is known about the effect of this increase in productivity on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in grass-legume mixtures. The aim of this study was to investigate interactions between the proportion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures and N-fertiliser addition on productivity and GHG emissions. We tested the hypotheses that an increase in the relative proportion of legumes would increase plant productivity and decrease GHG emissions, and the magnitude of these effects would be reduced by N-fertiliser addition. Methods This was tested in a controlled environment mesocosm experiment with one grass and one legume species grown in mixtures in different proportions, with or without N-fertiliser. The effects on N cycling processes were assessed by measurement of above- and below-ground biomass, shoot N uptake, soil physico-chemical properties and GHG emissions. Results Above-ground productivity and shoot N uptake were greater in legume-grass mixtures compared to grass or legume monocultures, in fertilised and unfertilised soils. However, we found no effect of legume proportion on N2O emissions, total soil N or mineral-N in fertilised or unfertilised soils. Conclusions This study shows that the inclusion of legumes in grass-legume mixtures positively affected productivity, however N cycle were in the short-term unaffected and mainly affected by nitrogen fertilisation. Legumes can be used in grassland management strategies to mitigate climate change by reducing crop demand for N-fertilisers.

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