Mitigating effect of foliar applied ascorbic acid on morpho-physiological, biochemical changes and yield attributes induced by salt stress in Vigna radiate

2017 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagdish Kumar Nagda ◽  
Nishant A. Bhanu ◽  
Nishant A. Bhanu ◽  
Deepmala Katiyar ◽  
Akhouri Hemantaranjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Attributes

The present investigation was carried out to examine the role of exogenously applied ascorbic acid which mitigates the deleterious effects of salt stress in mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) genotype HUM-1. Plants grown under induced salinity stress at 150 mM NaCl were treated with different concentration of ascorbic acid, i.e., 0.5 mM, 1.0 mM and 2.0 mM. To study the effects of treatments of salt stress on chlorophyll content, proline content, nitrate reductase activity, superoxide dismutase activity and yield attributes data were recorded at 20, 40, 60 day after sowing. Nitrate reductase activity and chlorophyll content with 1.0 mM ascorbic acid under salinity (150 mM NaCl) while the activities of superoxide dismutase get reduced up to 43.71% at 40 days after sowing. In plant treated with combined treatment of 150 mM NaCl and 1.0 mM foliar applied ascorbic acid caused a decline in the level of proline, which was 3.38 mg, 3.35 mg and 6.30 mg at 20, 40 and 60 days after sowing. The threshold level of ascorbic acid was 150 mM NaCl along with 1.0 mM ascorbic acid, that improved the yield attributes under salinity. Ascorbic acid inhibits the adverse effect of NaCl for growth and development of plants. So ascorbic acid may be a promising treatment to ameliorate the deleterious effects of salt stress in crops.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of bio-silica-treated oil palm seedlings to drought stress (Tanggap fisiologi bibit kelapa sawit yang diberi bio-silika terhadap cekaman kekeringan)

2019 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dian Mutiara AMANAH ◽  
Nurhaimi HARIS ◽  
Laksmita Prima SANTI
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Growth Stimulation ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Proline Concentration

Silica (Si) in the form of soluble silicic acid [H4SiO4] was an element that makes plants more resistant to drought stress through biochemical or molecular processes and contributing to growth stimulation under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. The objective of this study was to determine the response of oil palm seedlings to drought stress by the bio-Si application. The experiment was arranged in complete random design (CRD) with ten replicates.  Bio-Si was developed in solid and liquid forms with a dissolved Si content at least 10% (w/v). The eight combinations of solid bio-Si application per seedling were: (i) blank (without fertilizers), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 109cfu of Si-solubilizing microbes (SSM), (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 2.5; 5.0; 7.5; 10 g bio-Si; and 5 g Na2SiO3.  On the other hand, liquid bio-Si application per seedling were: (i) blank (without fertilizers), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 109cfu of SSM, (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 25 mL; 50 mL; 75 mL; 100 mL bio-Si; and 50 mL Na2SiO3. Drought stress tolerance was analyzed by using proline concentration, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), chlorophyll content, and stomatal closure in the leave of oil palm seedlings. Based on the physiological response, this research indicates that bio-Si application could induce seedling tolerance to drought stress. The bio-Si treatments gave a positive response of proline concentration, nitrate reductase activity (NRA), chlorophyll content, and stomatal closure. The doses of 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 7.5 g solid bio-Si and 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 75 mL liquid bio-Si per seedling were a recommended to increase oil palm seedlings tolerance to drought stress.[Key words: bio-Si, chlorophyll, nitrate reductase activity, Si-solubilizing microbes]. AbstrakSilika (Si) dalam bentuk terlarut asam silikat [H4SiO4]merupakan unsur yang dapat menyebabkan tanaman lebih tahan terhadap cekaman kekeringan melalui proses biokimia atau molekuler dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan dalam kondisi cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui respons fisiologi bibit kelapa sawit yang diberi bio-Si terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Penelitian didesain dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan sepuluh ulangan. Bio-Si dikembangkan dalam bentuk padat dan cair dengan kadar Si terlarut minimal 10 % (b/v). Delapan aplikasi bio-Si padat per bibit adalah: (i) blanko (tanpa pupuk), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 109cfu mikrob pelarut silika, (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 2,5 g; 5,0 g; 7,5 g; 10 g bio-Si, dan 5 g Na2SiO3. Sementara untuk aplikasi bio-Si cair per bibit adalah: (i) blanko (tanpa pupuk), (ii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15, (iii) 5 g NPK  15-15-15 + 109cfu mikroorganisme pelarut silika (MPS), (iv-viii) 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 25 ml; 50 ml; 75 ml; dan 100 mLbio-Si, dan 50 ml Na2SiO3. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi analisis prolin, aktivitas nitrat reduktase (ANR), kandungan klorofil, serta morfologi stomata pada daun bibit kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan data fisiologi yang diperoleh dari kegiatan penelitian ini, aplikasi bio-Si dapat meningkatkan ketahanan bibit kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Perlakuan bio-Si memberikan respon positif terhadap konsentrasi prolin,aktivitas nitrat reduktase (ANR), kandungan klorofil, serta morfologi stomata.Dosis 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 7,5 g bio-Si padat dan 5 g NPK 15-15-15 + 75 mLbio-Si cair dapat direkomendasikan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan bibit kelapa sawit terhadap cekaman kekeringan.  [Kata kunci: bio-Si, klorofil, aktivitas nitrat reduktase, mikroorganisme pelarut silika].

scholarly journals Drought Mitigation in Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Through Developing Tolerant Hybrids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juby BABY ◽  
Minimol Janakyseifudeen ◽  
Suma Basura ◽  
Santhoshkumar Adiyodi Venugopal ◽  
Jiji Joseph ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Traditional Area

Abstract Background:Cocoa, being a shade loving crop cannot withstand long periods of water stress. Breeding for drought tolerance is the need of the hour due to change in climatic condition and extension of crop to non traditional area. Hybrids were produced by crossing four tolerant genotypes in all possible combination. The cross GVI 55 x M 13.12 didn’t yield any fruit due to cross incompatibility between these genotypes. Various biochemical parameters act as the true indicators to select tolerant and susceptible types. The major biochemical parameters considered after imposing stress included proline, nitrate reductase activity, superoxide dismutase content and glycine betaine. Results: The drought tolerant hybrids were having high amount of proline, superoxide dismutase enzyme and glycine betaine content. Normally, plants having drought stress shows low amount of nitrate reductase activity. However, in case of hybrids, the drought tolerant hybrids were having higher NR activity than the susceptible hybrids. The highest amount of NR was found in the control plants kept at fully irrigated conditions.Conclusions: This experiment showed the role of different biochemical enzymes and osmolytes in giving tolerance to plants during drought stress. Logistic regression analysis selected proline and nitrate reductase as the two biochemical markers for identifying efficient drought tolerant genotypes in the future breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Physiological screening of ruderal weed biomonitors of atmospheric nitrogen deposition

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Nayeli Martínez ◽  
Erick De la Barrera
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Efficiency ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition ◽  
Atmospheric Nitrogen ◽  
Bidens Pilosa

Background: Plants take up various species of reactive nitrogen and their different physiological responses to the increase of nitrogen availability can be useful in biomonitoring. Questions: Does atmospheric nitrogen deposition affect the physiology of ruderal weeds? Which species are most responsive to the nitrogen deposition? Studied species: Eleven ruderal weeds. Study site and dates: Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico. 2019. Methods: Under scenarios of 10, 20, 40 and 80 kg N ha-1year-1, we quantified plant responses of biomass production, nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency, δ15N, nitrogen and carbon content. Results: Total biomass production increased with the rate of nitrogen deposition for Bidens pilosa, Chloris gayana,Lepidium virginicum, and Pennisetum setaceum, as chlorophyll content in B. pilosa, C. gayana, and L. virginicum. In turn, the below- to above-ground biomass ratio decreased for B. pilosa and C. gayana, as photosynthetic efficiency in C. gayana, L. virginicum, and Chloris pycnothrix. Nitrate reductase activity was only affected in L. virginicumm, C. gayana, and T. officinale.    With the exception of C. pycnothrix, the nitrogen content increased, while the carbon augmented in C. gayana, C. pycnothrix, and P. setaceum. The C/N ratio was reduced in B. pilosa, C. gayana, Chloris virgata, P. setaceum, and T. officinale. The δ15N was increased in B. pilosa, C. gayana, C. virgata and P. setaceum. Conclusions: Bidens pilosa, C. gayana, L. virginicum, and P. setaceum were the species with more affected variables to nitrogen deposition, which could be useful in the biomonitoring.

Effect of Simulated Waterlogging Condition Imposed at Early Vegetative Growth on Final Yield in Greengram (Vigna radiata)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhaskar Saikia ◽  
Prakash Kalita ◽  
Ranjan Das
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Germination Percentage ◽  
Summer Season ◽  
Waterlogged Condition ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Waterlogging Condition

Background: ‘Rain’ plays a very important role since most of the agricultural productivity is rainfall dependent. However at the same time unpredictable and untimely rainfall are also responsible for crop loss. In India, our North-eastern region receives the highest amount of rainfall. Even in pre-monsoon season, our region receives very high amount of rainfall which hampers the crop production, especially the summer season greengram. Hence, an effort had been made to screen some genotypes of summer greengram, tolerant to waterlogging condition. A study was carried out during the summer season to evaluate the physiological performance of some greengram genotypes as influenced by waterlogging condition of varying duration imposed at early vegetative stage of growth.Methods: From an initial screening of forty genotypes in laboratory condition, five genotypes were selected based on germination percentage, seedling length and vigour index. These five genotypes were further evaluated in a pot experiment with four treatment combinations comprising of control (T1), waterlogging for 4 days (T2), waterlogging for 8 days (T3) and waterlogging for 12 days (T4). Waterlogging conditions were created in the pots at the time of sowing. Result: Water logging caused adverse effect on growth and development of all the genotypes, with the longest waterlogging showing severe deleterious effect. The parameters viz. germination percentage, leaf chlorophyll content, leaf area, plant height, nitrate reductase activity, number of seeds pod-1, pods plant-1, root length, number of root nodules plant-1 and harvest index were found to decline under waterlogged condition whereas, lipid peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity showed higher values under waterlogged condition. The performance of the genotype Sadiya Local was found to be the best from the point of view of tolerance as indicated by higher seed yield followed by AKM 12-28. The better performance of this genotype appeared to be related to the higher values for some traits viz. germination percentage, leaf chlorophyll, nitrate reductase activity, superoxide dismutase activity, number of pods plant-1 and harvest index. 

scholarly journals Drought mitigation in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) through developing tolerant hybrids

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baby Juby ◽  
Janaki Seifudeen Minimol ◽  
Basura Suma ◽  
Adiyodi Venugopal Santhoshkumar ◽  
Joseph Jiji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Glycine Betaine ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Drought Mitigation

Abstract Background Cocoa, being a shade loving crop cannot withstand long periods of water stress. Breeding for drought tolerance is the need of the hour due to change in climatic condition and extension of crop to non-traditional areas. Hybrids were produced by crossing four tolerant genotypes in all possible combination. The cross GV1 55 x M 13.12 didn’t yield any fruit due to cross incompatibility between these genotypes. Various biochemical parameters act as the true indicators to select tolerant and susceptible types. The major biochemical parameters considered after imposing stress included proline, nitrate reductase activity, superoxide dismutase content and glycine betaine. Results The drought tolerant hybrids were having high amount of proline, superoxide dismutase enzyme and glycine betaine content. Normally, plants having drought stress show low amount of nitrate reductase activity. However, in case of hybrids, the drought tolerant hybrids were having higher NR activity than the susceptible hybrids. The highest amount of NR was found in the control plants kept at fully irrigated conditions. Conclusions This experiment showed the role of different biochemical enzymes and osmolytes in giving tolerance to plants during drought stress. Logistic regression analysis selected proline and nitrate reductase as the two biochemical markers for identifying efficient drought tolerant genotypes in the future breeding programmes.

scholarly journals Effect of copper on the dynamics of the increment of plant dry mass and on some physiological processes in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 5-16
Author(s):  
U. Wojcieska ◽  
E. Wolska ◽  
M. Ruszkowska
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Effect Of Copper

Experiments were undertaken in order to establish the influence of copper on the growth and yield of plants. Sunflower (<i>Helianthus annuus</i> L.) was grown in pots with peat enriched with mineral elements with the excluding of Cu. Copper was applied immediately after plant germination in doses of 0, 5 and 125 mg Cu per pot. In the form of CuSO<sub>4</sub>. During the vegetation period the following determinations were made: (a) dynamics of the increase of plant dry matter and of the assimilative surface, (b) chlorophyll content, (c) nitrate reductase activity and (d) intensity of photosynthesis and photosynthetic activity. The results indicate that copper deficit restricts the process of photosynthesis and the dynamics of dry mass increment. Differences in copper dosage did not have an immediate influence on the chlorophyll content and nitrate reductase activity, only rather an intermediate effect through the influence on the process of ageing.

scholarly journals The diversity and physiological activities of weeds in land cultivated with various corn cultivars and fertilized with various nitrogen doses

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 622-628
Author(s):  
MUJI RAHAYU ◽  
PRAPTO YUDONO ◽  
DIDIK INDRADEWA ◽  
EKO HANUDIN
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Cyperus Rotundus ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Dactyloctenium Aegyptium

Abstract. Rahayu M, Yudono P, Indradewa D, Hanudin E. 2019. The diversity and physiological activities of weeds in land cultivated with various corn cultivars and fertilized with various nitrogen doses. Biodiversitas 20: 622-628. Both weeds and corn have nutrient needs. Nitrogen is one of the essential elements required by weeds and corn. Each corn cultivar and weed also has different ability to absorb nitrogen. This study aimed to determine the effect of corn cultivar and nitrogen dose on the diversity and physiological activities of weeds. The research was conducted in Banguntapan, Bantul, Yogyakarta from December 2016 to May 2017. The study used a completely randomized block design with 2 factors with three replications. The first factor was corn cultivar, consisting of four cultivars (Bisi 18, NK 33, DK 95 and Sukmaraga) and the second factor was the nitrogen dose, consisting of three levels (25 kg N ha-1, 150 kg N ha-1 and 275 kg N ha-1). The data were analyzed using 5% variance analysis and continued with Duncan test at 5% level. The results showed that the most commonly found weeds were broadleaves, but the most dominant weed was a grass, namely Dactyloctenium aegyptium, except Sukmaraga with nitrogen doses of 25 kg ha-1 and 150 kg ha-1 in 4 weeks after planting (WAP). In 8 WAP, weeds that grew in land planted with all combinations of cultivars and nitrogen doses were Cyperus rotundus, Dactyloctenium aegyptium, Digitaria ciliaris, Eleusine indica, Eragrostis tenella, Amaranthus spinosus, and Richardia scabra. There were no significant differences on the nitrate reductase activity, chlorophyll content, leaf area index, and dry weight among cultivars. The treatment of 25 kg N ha-1 resulted in the lowest leaf area index and total chlorophyll content, but the highest nitrate reductase activity.

scholarly journals The effects of salt stress on growth and biochemical parameters in two maize varieties

2014 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elżbieta Sacała ◽  
Anna Demczuk ◽  
Edward Grzyś ◽  
Anna Sobczak
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Nitrate Reductase ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Soluble Protein ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Nitrate Reductase Activity ◽  
Reductase Activity ◽  
Amino Compound ◽  
Maize Varieties

The main objective of this study was to examine the influence of salinity on growth and biochemical parameters (NR activity, amino compound accumulation, protein content, some inorganic ion concentrations) of two varieties of maize (Limko and Koka). Salinity (75.0 mol • m<sup>-3</sup> NaCl and 37.5 mol • m<sup>-3</sup> Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>) significantly reduced fresh and dry weights of the investigated maize varieties. NaCl induced higher reduction in biomass production than Na<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>. Differences in salt tolerance between Limko and Koka were small.It was found that in both maize varieties the nitrate reductase activity decreased under salt stress (100 mol • m<sup>-3</sup> NaCl). This effect was more marked in the Koka variety than Limko. Decrease in nitrate reductase activity had no inhibitory effect on accumulation of protein and free amino compounds. Salinity treatment (100 mol • m<sup>-3</sup> NaCl) led to an increase in free amino compound contents in roots and shoots of both investigated maize varieties, but these changes were not very large. The highest increase in amino compound level was observed in roots of Koka and it was 2-fold higher than in control plants. Salt stress did not change soluble protein contents in Limko and Koka varieties with the exception of Limko leaves. There was significant increase in soluble protein content on leaves of Limko and it amounted 128% of the control. Salinity caused a great increase in leaf and root Na<sup>+</sup> concentration and a decrease in case of Ca<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup> contents. The declines in Ca<sup>2+</sup> content in maize roots were 76 and 70% respectively for Koka and Limko roots. The fall in K<sup>+</sup> concentration was high, but not so drastic as in Ca<sup>2+</sup>. In roots of Koka and Limko the reduction in K<sup>+</sup> content was approximately 30%. Higher reduction in K<sup>+</sup>content showed shoots of Limko. In this case K<sup>+</sup> content lowered to 49% of control.

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