Efficacy of “Worm-X” Herbal Formulation against Naturally Infected Gastrointestinal Nematodes in Goats of Banaskantha District, Gujarat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.R. Parsani ◽  
B.S. Chandel ◽  
K.P. Shyma
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Chemical Treatments ◽  
Maximum Reduction ◽  
Herbal Formulation ◽  
Major Constraint ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Alternative Solutions

Background: Gastrointestinal nematodosis is a major constraint in economic livestock production. Mostly synthetic anthelmintics are being used to overcome this problem. Besides synthetic anthelmintics, some plants have shown variable anthelmintic properties. Methods: Sixty goats infected with GI nematodes having 1500 EPG were selected and animals were divided into four groups T1 to T4 of 15 animals in each group. Group T1 was given two doses of fenbendazole @ 10 mg/kg BW per os at 15 days interval. In group T2, T3 and T4 herbal formulation “Worm-X” was given @ 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 ml/kg BW orally respectively, at 15 days interval. Efficacy was assessed on the basis of percentage reduction in EPG count and the FECRT was conducted as per guidelines of WAAVP. Result: When FECR was compared 15 days post treatment, maximum reduction (77.25%) was observed in group T1 followed by group T2 (47.27%), T3 (70.19%), and T4 (72.01%). The reduction in FEC in groupT3 (70.19%) and T4 (72.01%) at 15 days post treatment and at 30 days post treatment were 87.75 and 89.32%, respectively were almost equal. Considering the cost effectiveness and WAAVP recommendations, it will be optimum to administer the drug at the rate of 1.0 ml/kg body weight in two dosages at 15-day interval. However, it is well known that now a day’s modern anthelmintic drug efficacy has been reduced in many cases due to the development of anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, complementary or alternative solutions to the conventional chemical treatments have been implied offering novel approaches to the sustainable control of gastrointestinal nematodes in goats.

scholarly journals Oxfendazole Resistance in Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Beetal Goats at Livestock Farms of Punjab (Pakistan)

2007 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Saeed ◽  
Z. Iqbal ◽  
A. Jabbar
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Egg Hatch ◽  
Treatment Frequency ◽  
Contributory Factors ◽  
Reduction Test ◽  
Egg Hatch Assay

This study was carried out to screen goat farms for anthelmintic resistance (AR) against oxfendazole (OXF) and to determine contributory factors for its development. For this purpose, Beetal goat farms (n = 18) were randomly selected, with natural mixed gastrointestinal nematodosis infection. In vivo (faecal egg count reduction test) and in vitro (egg hatch assay) tests were used to ascertain the presence of AR while a scorecard was used to determine the role of possible contributory factors for oxfendazole resistance. For in vivo test, the experimental animals were divided into two groups of 10 animals each; one group received OXF treatment, while the other served as control. Pre- and post-treatment coproculture was performed to identify the species and genera of nematodes. Egg hatch assay (EHA) was used to confirm the results of FECRT. Fecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) revealed the development of resistance on six farms and post-treatment larval cultures indicated Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia curticei, Teladorsagia circumcincta and Oesophagostomum spp. as dominant species with resistance. Furthermore, EHA confirmed the results of FECRT. Among the presumptive factors for AR, the highest composite score was for rotation of anthelmintics followed by treatment frequency, dose rate and nature of medication. The scorecard for the development of AR, used in this study, may be helpful for the assessment of contributory factors of AR.

scholarly journals Effect of levamisole on gastrointestinal nematodes and weight gain of grazing livestock in the municipality of San Jose Chiltepec, Oaxaca, Mexico

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulises Libreros-Osorio ◽  
Daniela Donaji Vázquez-Arrieta ◽  
Ilhuicamina Daniel Limón ◽  
Aleidy Patricio-Martínez ◽  
Felipe Patricio-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Vehicle Group ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Pre Treatment

Abstract The aim of the present work was to study the effect of administration of levamisole on parasitic load of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) and the percentage of weight gain of grazing cattle. The animals were randomly distributed to form three experimental groups, levamisole, ivermectin and control. The collection of feces samples was carried out one day before and 15 days’ post-treatment and subsequently it was quantifying the eggs number per gram of feces. The body weight of the animals was recorded at days 0, 15, 30 and 45 after treatments to evaluate its gain. The results observed up to the final day (45 days’ post-treatment) showed the group treated with Ivermectin had a 10.1% increase in body weight, while the group under Levamisole treatment had an increase of 14.3%. The groups under ivermectin and levamisole showed a decrease in the number of eggs per grams of feces (EPG), which were measured 15 days after their treatment (22.5 EPG in ivermectin) and (55.0 EPG in levamisole) compared to the vehicle group (377.5 EPG) and pre-treatment (486.5 EPG). In the present work, it was possible to show that with two subcutaneous administrations of levamisole in grazing calves in the municipality of Chiltepec, Oaxaca, it’s possible to increase the weight in cattle while decreasing its parasite load of GIN. However, it is necessary to determine the anthelmintic resistance in farms that report the use of levamisole with different treatment and repeated doses of levamisole.

Assessment of anthelmintic efficacy against cattle gastrointestinal nematodes in western France and southern Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Chartier ◽  
N. Ravinet ◽  
A. Bosco ◽  
E. Dufourd ◽  
M. Gadanho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Lower Limit ◽  
Southern Italy ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Arithmetic Means ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Cattle Farms

Abstract Our objective was to measure the efficacy of ivermectin (IVM) and benzimidazoles (BZ, i.e. fenbendazole and albendazole) in 15 cattle farms in western France and southern Italy. A total of 11 groups were treated with IVM and 11 with BZ. Efficacy was assessed by calculating the percentage of faecal egg count reduction (%FECR) using the pre- and post-treatment arithmetic means. Anthelmintic resistance was considered to be present when the %FECR was <95% and the lower limit of the 95% confidence interval <90%. For IVM, the percentages of FECR ranged from 73% to 100%. Lack of efficacy to IVM was detected in two farms out of four in France, but was not detected in any of the seven farms in Italy. For BZ, the percentages of FECR ranged from 95% to 100%. No case of BZ resistance was detected in the five farms in France and the six farms in Italy.

scholarly journals Detection of Gastrointestinal Nematode Populations Resistant to Albendazole and Ivermectin in Sheep

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Mondragón-Ancelmo ◽  
Agustín Olmedo-Juárez ◽  
David Emanuel Reyes-Guerrero ◽  
Gabriel Ramírez-Vargas ◽  
Amairany Emithziry Ariza-Román ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematode ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Group I ◽  
Faecal Egg Count ◽  
Group A

Gastrointestinal parasite infections represent a major welfare problem in small ruminants reared in extensive systems, which may be exacerbated by anthelmintic resistance. Therefore, we aimed to study the efficacy of albendazole and ivermectin in sheep. Eighty-six animals were selected from commercial farms in the temperate area of the State of Mexico at the age of seven months. These animals were randomly distributed into three groups: Group A, treated with albendazole, Group I, treated with ivermectin and Group C, left untreated. Faecal samples were collected before the anthelmintic was administered and 15 days post-treatment. Both Group A and Group I displayed a significant decrease of faecal egg counts when pre- and post-treatment values were compared (p = 0.003 and p = 0.049, respectively), and a significantly lower faecal egg count when compared with Group C after the treatment (p < 0.05). However, the faecal egg count reduction test showed that gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) developed anthelmintic resistance to both albendazole and ivermectin. The results of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) allowed the identification of Cooperia spp., and Trichostrongylus colubriformis. The allele-specific PCR results confirmed that T. colubriformis was resistant to albendazole. In conclusion, this study showed the presence of resistant GIN to albendazole and ivermectin in sheep reared in Mexican temperate zones. Therefore, nematode infections should be systematically monitored in order to implement integrated management strategies to prevent the spread of anthelmintic resistance.

scholarly journals Use of Complementary Natural Feed for Gastrointestinal Nematodes Control in Sheep: Effectiveness and Benefits for Animals

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Castagna ◽  
Ernesto Palma ◽  
Giuseppe Cringoli ◽  
Antonio Bosco ◽  
Nancy Nisticò ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Full Dose ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Anthelmintic Efficacy ◽  
Antiparasitic Drugs ◽  
The One

The treatments of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) infection in sheep is almost exclusively based on the use of synthetic drugs. In some European regions the intensive use of antiparasitic drugs is leading to widespread development of anthelmintic resistance (AR). Currently in southern Italy AR is rare, but a constant monitoring of anthelmintic efficacy and the use of effective alternative therapies is strongly recommended. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a complementary natural feed (natural vegetable mixture), based on natural extracts, registered for GIN treatment in sheep, and its comparison with the drug ivermectin. The study was conducted in two sheep breeding farms in southern Italy and 75 sheep were divided in groups of 15 animals each (treated and untreated groups), homogeneous by GIN eggs per gram (EPG) of faeces, using the natural anthelmintic administered at full dose (10 g/sheep/orally) in the first breeding and at double dose (20 g/sheep/orally) in the second. In the latter we compared the effectiveness of mixture with ivermectin administered at full dose (200 μg/kg/BW). To determine the effectiveness, individual faecal samples were collected to evaluate the faecal eggs count (FEC) using FLOTAC technique and FEC reduction (FECR) on different days. The formula used FECR = 100 × (1 − (T2/C2)), based on the comparison of post-treatment EPG mean of the treated and untreated group (T2 and C2, respectively), is the one recommended by World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) guidelines to monitor drug efficacy against GIN in livestock. The results reported that complementary natural feed, at two different dosages, was ineffective against GIN, while the drug, at conventional dosage, showed good anthelmintic efficacy, also confirming the importance of in vivo effectiveness studies.

scholarly journals Cyathostomin resistance to moxidectin and combinations of anthelmintics in Australian horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghazanfar Abbas ◽  
Abdul Ghafar ◽  
John Hurley ◽  
Jenni Bauquier ◽  
Anne Beasley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Parasitic Nematodes ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Thoroughbred Horses ◽  
Horse Farms ◽  
On Farm

Abstract Background Cyathostomins are the most important and common parasitic nematodes of horses, with > 50 species known to occur worldwide. The frequent and indiscriminate use of anthelmintics has resulted in the development of anthelmintic resistance (AR) in horse nematodes. In this study we assessed the efficacy of commonly used anthelmintics against cyathostomins in Australian thoroughbred horses. Methods Two drug efficacy trials per farm were conducted on two thoroughbred horse farms in the state of Victoria, Australia. In the first trial, the horses on Farm A were treated with single and combinations of anthelmintics, including oxfendazole (OFZ), abamectin (ABM), abamectin and morantel (ABM + MOR), moxidectin (MOX) and oxfendazole and pyrantel (OFZ + PYR), at the recommended doses, whereas the horses on Farm B only received MOX, at the recommended dose. The faecal egg count reduction test (FECRT) was used to determine the efficacy and egg reappearance period (ERP) of anthelmintics. Based on the results of the first trial, the efficacies of MOX and a combination of ABM + MOR were reassessed to confirm their activities against cyathostomins. Results Of the five anthelmintic products tested on Farm A, resistance against OFZ, ABM and OFZ + PYR was found, with efficacies of − 41% (− 195% lower confidence limit [LCL]), 73% (60% LCL) and 82% (66% LCL) at 2 weeks post-treatment, respectively. The FECRT showed high efficacies of MOX and ABM + MOR (100%) at 2 week post-treatment and shortened ERPs for these anthelmintics (ABM + MOR: 4 weeks; MOX: 5 weeks). Resistance to MOX was found on Farm B, with a reduced efficacy of 90% (70% LCL) and 89% (82% LCL) at 2 weeks post-treatment in trials one and two, respectively. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence of MOX- and multidrug-resistant (ABM and combinations of anthelmintics) cyathostomins in Australia and indicates the need for continuous surveillance of the efficacy of currently effective anthelmintics and large-scale investigations to assess the ERP for various anthelmintics. Graphical Abstract

Effect of Jatropha curcas Latex on L3 Haemonchus contortus Larval Motility

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Noorzaid Muhamad ◽  
Syahirah Sazeli ◽  
Resni Mona ◽  
Jannathul Firdous
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Jatropha Curcas ◽  
Haemonchus Contortus ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Plants Extract

The anthelmintic resistance has limited the control of gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants and thus has awakened interest in the study of plants extract as a source of anthelmintics. These experiments were carried out to evaluate the in vitro efficacy of Jatrophacurcas latex extract against Haemonchuscontortus larval motility. To evaluate the larvicidal activity, H.contortus L3 were incubated with the extracts with varying concentration of 5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL and 20 mg/mL at 27°C for 48, 72 and 96 hrs. The results were subjected to the Kruskal-Wallis test (P less than 0.05). The extracts showed dose-dependent larvicidal effects. These results suggest that J.curcas can be used to control gastrointestinal nematodes of small ruminants.

scholarly journals Cellular and humoral immune responses associated with protection in sheep vaccinated against Teladorsagia circumcincta

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Machín ◽  
Yolanda Corripio-Miyar ◽  
Julia N. Hernández ◽  
Tara Pérez-Hernández ◽  
Adam D. Hayward ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sheep Breeds ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Teladorsagia Circumcincta

AbstractDue to increased anthelmintic resistance, complementary methods to drugs are necessary to control gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN). Vaccines are an environmentally-friendly and promising option. In a previous study, a Teladorsagia circumcincta recombinant sub-unit vaccine was administered to two sheep breeds with different levels of resistance against GIN. In the susceptible Canaria Sheep (CS) breed, vaccinates harboured smaller worms with fewer eggs in utero than the control group. Here, we extend this work, by investigating the cellular and humoral immune responses of these two sheep breeds following vaccination and experimental infection with T. circumcincta. In the vaccinated CS group, negative associations between antigen-specific IgA, IgG2 and Globule Leukocytes (GLs) with several parasitological parameters were established as well as a higher CD4+/CD8+ ratio than in control CS animals, suggesting a key role in the protection induced by the vaccine. In the more resistant Canaria Hair Breed (CHB) sheep the vaccine did not significantly impact on the parasitological parameters studied and none of these humoral associations were observed in vaccinated CHB lambs, although CHB had higher proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells within the abomasal lymph nodes, suggesting higher mucosal T cell activation. Each of the component proteins in the vaccine induced an increase in immunoglobulin levels in vaccinated groups of each breed. However, levels of immunoglobulins to only three of the antigens (Tci-MEP-1, Tci-SAA-1, Tci-ASP-1) were negatively correlated with parasitological parameters in the CS breed and they may be, at least partially, responsible for the protective effect of the vaccine in this breed. These data could be useful for improving the current vaccine prototype.

scholarly journals Anthelmintic resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes of alpacas (Vicugna pacos) in Australia

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed H. Rashid ◽  
Jane L. Vaughan ◽  
Mark A. Stevenson ◽  
Angus J. D. Campbell ◽  
Ian Beveridge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anthelmintic Resistance ◽  
Gastrointestinal Nematodes ◽  
Vicugna Pacos
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