Histopathological Changes in Small Intestine of Rotavirus Infected Poultry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shalini Yaduvanshi ◽  
Rashmi Singh ◽  
Shyama N. Prabhu ◽  
Ajay Pratap Singh ◽  
Renu Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Staining Result ◽  
Villous Surface ◽  
Group A ◽  
Small Intestinal

Background: Rotaviruses are important cause of acute gastroenteritis. Group A and D rotavirus are the predominant enteric viruses groups in birds. Outbreaks of rotavirus may lead to significant economic losses in poultry industry. Rotavirus infection alters the function of the small intestinal epithelium, resulting in diarrhea. Methods: Poultry intestinal samples were collected in 10% formalin and duodenum, jejunum and ileum were processed for histopathological examination by H and E staining. Result: Histopathological changes were noticed in all the three parts of the small intestine namely duodenum, jejunum and ileum in poultry intestinal content sample positive for AvRVD in RT-PCR. Duodenum showed necrosis, desquamation and loss of enterocytes from the villi. The jejunum showed severe disruption of villous architecture with vacuolation and separation of mucosal epithelial layer. Ileum showed a complete loss of enterocytes from the villous surface, congestion at the villous tips and infiltration of lymphocytes throughout the mucosa as well as submucosa.

scholarly journals Isolation, immunochemical demonstration of field strains of porcine group A rotaviruses and electrophoretic analysis of RNA segments of group A and C rotaviruses

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 288-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Smitalova ◽  
L. Rodak ◽  
I. Psikal ◽  
B. Smid
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Electrophoretic Analysis ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Group C Rotavirus ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Virus Isolates

Rotaviruses are major cause of acute diarrhea in animals and humans which can result in huge economic losses in farm animals including pigs. We collected 195 samples of feces of diarrhoeic animals. Rotavirus was demonstrated by electron microscopy using the method of negative staining in 27 samples and by ELISA test using monoclonal antibodies to the group antigen VP6 in 44 samples. Nine samples were selected for virus isolation. Three virus isolates (P375/4, P410/4 and P646/1) were successfully adapted to growth in cell line MA-104. These isolates were allocated to group A rotaviruses based on ELISA, immunoperoxidase test and electropherotype analysis. Electropherotype analysis demonstrated changes during passage in cell line in two of the three isolates. The selected sample P543/1 proved negative in ELISA in a fecal sample. Electropherotype analysis of this sample revealed a “longer” electropherotype profile. The profile was suggestive of group C rotavirus. Rotavirus group C was confirmed by RT-PCR and by sequence analysis in this sample.

scholarly journals Na+/glucose co-transporter abundance and activity in the small intestine of lambs: enhancement by abomasal infusion of casein

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameer J. Mabjeesh ◽  
Dafna Guy ◽  
David Sklan
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
Brush Border ◽  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Abomasal Infusion ◽  
Group A ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Infusion Period

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of abomasal casein infusion on glucose uptake and abundance of the Na+/glucose co-transporter (SGLT1) 1 in the ovine small intestine. Lambs (body weight 35 (SEM 1·0) kg) were surgically fitted with abomasal infusion catheters and were fed diets containing equal portions of wheat hay and cracked maize. Lambs were infused with either 500 g water/d or with 500 g water containing 35 g casein/d. The infusion period lasted 10 d, after which lambs were killed, exsanguinated and eviscerated. Brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) were prepared using mucosa from different small intestinal regions. Intake and total tract digestibility of nutrients were similar between treatments and averaged 1134, 1142 and 486 g/d and 67, 70, and 94 % for DM, organic matter and non-structural carbohydrates respectively. Crude protein (N×6·25) digestibility was 15 % greater in the casein-infused than control lambs. Glucose uptake to BBMV ranged from 101 to 337 pmol/mg protein per s along the small intestine and was greatest in the mid-section of the small intestine. In the mid-jejunum, glucose uptake was greater (P<0·07) in lambs infused with casein and averaged 120 pmol/mg protein per s compared with 68 pmol/mg protein per s in the control group. SGLT1 affinity was similar between treatments and averaged 104 μM in the different segments of the small intestine of lambs. However, lambs infused with casein exhibited similar values along the small intestine and affinity averaged 106 μm, while in the control group a greater affinity (85 μm) was measured in the mid-jejunum. SGLT1 protein abundance was correlated with glucose uptake in the BBMV in the casein-treated lambs, but not in the control group. These results suggest that glucose uptake along the small intestine of lambs is influenced by casein or its derivatives in the small intestine via SGLT1 affinity and activity at the brush border membrane, and that SGLT1 activity may be regulated by post-translational events affected by amino acids and peptides.

scholarly journals White Scours in Piglets; II. Scanning Electron Microscopy of the Mucosa of the Small Intestine

1971 ◽  
Vol 8 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 401-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. V. M. Mouwen
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Clinically Normal ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Villous Surface ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
High Range

The mucosa of the small intestine of clinically normal piglets and of piglets with white scours was investigated, using a scanning electron microscope. No new findings on the rough villous pattern of the small intestinal mucosa could be added to those obtained with the stereomicroscope. In the high range of magnification, however, the surface of the different villous forms showed features that could barely be seen with the stereomicroscope. The findings indicate that in general the microstructure of the villous surface differs in the various types of villi.

scholarly journals Group A Rotavirus Infection and Age-Dependent Diarrheal Disease in Rats: a New Animal Model To Study the Pathophysiology of Rotavirus Infection

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Ciarlet ◽  
Margaret E. Conner ◽  
Milton J. Finegold ◽  
Mary K. Estes
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Neonatal Rats ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
Group A Rotaviruses ◽  
Group A ◽  
Old Rats

ABSTRACT Group A rotaviruses are major pathogens causing acute gastroenteritis in children and animals. To determine if group A rotavirus replicates and induces disease in rats, antibody-negative Lewis neonatal or adult rats were inoculated orally with tissue culture-adapted human (Wa, WI61, and HAL1166), simian (rhesus rotavirus [RRV] and SA11), bovine (WC3), lapine (ALA), or porcine (OSU) rotavirus strains, wild-type murine (ECwt) rotavirus strain, or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Rotavirus infection in rats was evaluated by (i) clinical findings, (ii) virus antigen shedding or infectious virus titers in the feces or intestinal contents measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or fluorescent-focus assay, (iii) histopathological changes in the small intestine, (iv) distribution of rotavirus antigen in small-intestine sections by immunofluorescence, and (v) growth rate. Rotavirus infection of 5-day-old but not ≥21-day-old rats resulted in diarrhea that lasted from 1 to 10 days postinoculation. The severity of disease and spread of infection to naÏve littermates differed depending on the virus strain used for inoculation. The duration of virus antigen shedding following infection was considerably prolonged (up to 10 days) in neonatal rats compared to that in 21-day-old rats (1 or 2 days). Based on lack of virus antigen shedding and disease induction, the murine ECwt rotavirus was the only strain tested that did not infect rats. Histopathological changes in the small-intestine mucosa of 5-day-old RRV-inoculated rats but not of PBS-inoculated rats was limited to extensive enterocyte vacuolation in the ileum. In RRV-inoculated neonatal rats, rotavirus antigen was detected in the epithelial cells on the upper half of the intestinal villi of the jejunum and ileum. In addition, infection of neonatal rats with RRV but not with PBS resulted in reduced weight gain. Rats infected with group A rotaviruses provide a new animal model with unique features amenable to investigate rotavirus pathogenesis and the molecular mechanisms of intestinal development, including physiological factors that may regulate age-dependent rotavirus-induced diarrhea.

Changes in the small intestine ofSchistosoma mansoni-infected mice fed a high-fat diet

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (6) ◽  
pp. 716-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALBA CRISTINA MIRANDA DE BARROS ALENCAR ◽  
RENATA HEISLER NEVES ◽  
ALBANITA VIANA DE OLIVEIRA ◽  
JOSÉ ROBERTO MACHADO-SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Intestinal Tissue ◽  
Intestinal Segments ◽  
Villous Surface ◽  
Mucosal Thickness ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry

SUMMARYThe consumption of a high-fat diet modifies both the morphology of the small intestine and experimentally tested effects of schistosomiasis mansoni. However, whether a schistosomiasis infection associated with a high-fat diet causes injury to the small intestine has never been investigated. Mice were fed either a high-fat or a standard-fat diet for 6 months and were then infected withSchistosoma mansonicercariae. Physical characteristics of the intestinal tissue (mucosal thickness, small intestinal villi length and height, and abundance of goblet cells and enterocytes on the villous surface) and the distribution of granulomas along the intestinal segments and their developmental stage were measured at the time of sacrifice (9 or 17 weeks post-infection). The group fed a high-fat diet exhibited different granuloma stages, whereas the control group possessed only exudative granulomas. The chronically infected mice fed a high-fat diet exhibited higher granuloma and egg numbers than the acutely infected group. Exudative, exudative/exudative-productive and exudative-productive granulomas were present irrespective of diet. Computer-aided morphometric analysis confirmed that villus length, villus width, muscular height and submucosal height of the duodenal and jejunal segments were affected by diet and infection. In conclusion, a high-fat diet and infection had a significant impact on the small intestine morphology and morphometry among the animals tested.

scholarly journals Development of a Heterologous Model in Germfree Suckling Rats for Studies of Rotavirus Diarrhea

1998 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 9298-9302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Guerin-Danan ◽  
J. C. Meslin ◽  
F. Lambre ◽  
A. Charpilienne ◽  
M. Serezat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
New Model ◽  
Rotavirus Infection ◽  
Suckling Rats ◽  
Group A Rotavirus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rotavirus Diarrhea

ABSTRACT Germfree suckling rats were infected with an SA11 rotavirus strain. Infected pups developed diarrhea associated with histopathological changes. The virus was detected in feces and in the small intestine. Cellular vacuolation was observed in the villi of the jejunum. These results provide a new model for further investigations of group A rotavirus infection.

scholarly journals Histopathological findings in Dalmatian pelicans (Pelecanus crispus) naturally infected with avian influenza subtype A H5N1 in Bulgaria

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 369 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. STOIMENOV ◽  
G. V. GOUJGOULOVA ◽  
B. NIKOLOV ◽  
R. PETROVA ◽  
A. TENEVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Avian Influenza ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Tracheal Mucosa ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Mononuclear Infiltration ◽  
Gross Lesions ◽  
Mucosal Glands ◽  
Subtype A

The aim of this study is to estimate the histopathological changes in visceral organs of naturally infected with the avian influenza virus (AIV) subtype A H5N1 dalmatian pelicans in Bulgaria. The identified gross lesions are: haemorrhagic small intestine, sparse content in gizzard and proventriculus, well defined hyperemia of the tracheal mucosa associated with petechiae, as well as meningeal and brain congestion. The infected birds exhibited the following histopathological changes: edema of the tracheal mucosa with loss of mucosal glands, mild to moderate congestion with focal necrosis and multifocal non suppurative encephalitis and gliosis, mononuclear infiltration in the cecum, and diffuse mononuclear infiltration in the submucosa of the small intestine. The virus was detected by virus isolation (VI) and RT-PCR from tissue samples (lung, trachea, small intestine, brain, proventriculus, cloaca) from the infected birds.

TO FIND OUT ELECTRO-CARDIOGRAPHIC CHANGES & ECHO CHANGES IN ALUMINIUM PHOSPHIDE AND ETHYLENE DIBROMIDE POISONING

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Nargawe ◽  
Sumeet Sisodiya
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Common Finding ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Ethylene Dibromide ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Aluminium Phosphide ◽  
Urine Examination ◽  
Cardiovascular Involvement ◽  
Careful Clinical Examination

Background & Method: The study was conducted in the Department of Medicine Shyam Shah Medical College and Associated Sanjay Gandhi Memorial Hospital, Rewa (M.P). History was followed by a careful clinical examination i.e. cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal and nervous system. Investigations had done included routine haematological examination, Biochemical analysis, urine examination, ECG, 2 D. Echo & Histopathological examination was done. Result: ST-T changes were most common finding in Aluminium phosphide poisoning in relation to mortality. However hyperkalemia was the most ominous finding associated with 100% mortality, ECG finding in EDB was normal ECG. The most ominous finding was arrhythmia which was associated with 100% mortality. Survivors of ethylene dibromide poisoning echocardiography was normal in 11 (84.61%) followed by pericardial effusion in 2 (15.38%) patients. Conclusion: Noteworthy finding was absence of correlation between cardiovascular involvement, histopathological changes and ECG findings. It was seen that even if ECG showed normal pattern there were significant histopathological changes in heart. Keywords: electro-cardiographic, Aluminium phosphide, ethylene dibromide & poisoning.

Polymerase chain reaction amplification and typing of rotavirus in environmental samples

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 371-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Gajardo ◽  
R. M. Pintó ◽  
A. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Environmental Samples ◽  
Polymerase Chain Reaction Amplification ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Group A ◽  
Reaction Amplification ◽  
Stool Specimens ◽  
Polymerase Chain

A reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is described that has been developed for the detection and serotyping of group A rotavirus in stool specimens and concentrated and non-concentrated sewage specimens.

Application of a dynamic mechanistic model of small intestinal starch digestion in the dairy cow

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 104-104
Author(s):  
J. A. N. Mills ◽  
E. Kebreab ◽  
L. A. Crompton ◽  
J. Dijkstra ◽  
J. France
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Energy Recovery ◽  
Mechanistic Model ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Energy ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
High Contribution ◽  
Small Intestinal

The high contribution of postruminal starch digestion (>50%) to total tract starch digestion on certain energy dense diets (Mills et al. 1999) demands that limitations to small intestinal starch digestion are identified. Therefore, a dynamic mechanistic model of the small intestine was constructed and evaluated against published experimental data for abomasal carbohydrate infusions in the dairy cow. The mechanistic structure of the model allowed the current biological knowledge to be integrated into a system capable of identifying restrictions to dietary energy recovery from postruminal starch delivery.

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