scholarly journals Identification of Parental Lines and Hybrid using Molecular Techniques in CGMS based Chilli (Capsicum annuum L.) Hybrid UARChH42 (JCH42)

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Thakur ◽  
S.N. Vasudevan ◽  
B.V. Tembhurne ◽  
S.R. Doddagoudar
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Specific Marker ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
Scar Markers ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
Parental Lines

Background: Molecular markers are the landmarks on DNA that identifies a particular sequence of base pairs coding for a character. SCAR (Sequenced Characterized Amplified Region) markers are proving to be more effective in identification of genotypes as they are PCR based co-dominant markers. In view of plant variety registration under PPV and FRA, 2001 molecular characterization/ identification of the variety is essential to ascertain the trueness of the variety, hence present studies have been planned and executed. Methods: In present investigation CGMS based chilli hybrid UARChH42 and its parental lines were identified using molecular techniques. A line, B line, R line and hybrid seedlings were used for DNA extraction and characterized on the basis of polymorphism with respect to sterility or fertility by using SCAR markers. Result: P1 and P2 and coxII-SCAR which are sterility specific markers could amplify A line and hybrid showing a definite band. CRF-SCAR 870 is a fertility specific marker amplified R line and hybrid. Also CMS-SCAR 130 and CMS-SCAR 130/140 were able to identified A line, B line, R line and hybrid. Two of the markers viz. orf-456-SCAR atp6-SCAR and were not able to specify any case of parental lines or hybrid identification. Hybridity of UARChH42 (JCH42) chilli hybrid was determined by any similarity in the banding pattern with any of its parent. This study would help in the fulfillment of the requirements of protection of plant varieties and farmers’ rights authority (PPVFRA), New Delhi for registration purpose.

scholarly journals Plant Variety Protection: Current Practices and Insights

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1127
Author(s):  
Ju-Kyung Yu ◽  
Yong-Suk Chung
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Stability Testing ◽  
International Union ◽  
Plant Variety Protection ◽  
Common System ◽  
Continuous Innovation ◽  
Plant Variety ◽  
New Varieties ◽  
Variety Protection

Breeders persistently supply farmers with the best varieties in order to exceed consumer demand through plant-breeding processes that are resource-intensive. In order to motivate continuous innovation in variety development, a system needs to provide incentives for plant breeders to develop superior varieties, for example, exclusive ownership to produce and market those varieties. The most common system is the acquisition of intellectual property protection through plant variety protection, also known as the breeder’s right. Most countries have adopted the system established by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV). To be granted plant variety protection, the variety should prove to be unique by meeting three requirements: distinctness, uniformity, and stability. This review summarizes (1) the plant variety protection via UPOV convention, (2) technical methods for distinctness, uniformity, and stability testing via phenotype, molecular markers, and sequencing as well as their challenges and potentiality, and (3) additional discussions in essentially derived variety, value for cultivation and use testing, and open source seed initiative.

Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 1121-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Debnath ◽  
Y. L. Siow ◽  
J. Petkau ◽  
D. An ◽  
N. V. Bykova
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Diversity Analysis ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Genetic Diversity Analysis ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Berry Crops ◽  
Improvement Programs

Debnath, S. C., Siow, Y. L., Petkau, J., An, D. and Bykova, N. V. 2012. Molecular markers and antioxidant activity in berry crops: Genetic diversity analysis. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1121–1133. An improved understanding of important roles of dietary fruits in maintaining human health has led to a dramatic increase of global berry crop production. Berry fruits contain relatively high levels of vitamin C, cellulose and pectin, and produce anthocyanins, which have important therapeutic values, including antitumor, antiulcer, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. There is a need to develop reliable methods to identify berry germplasm and assess genetic diversity/relatedness for dietary properties in berry genotypes for practical breeding purposes through genotype selection in a breeding program for cultivar development, and proprietary-rights protection. The introduction of molecular biology techniques, such as DNA-based markers, allows direct comparison of different genetic materials independent of environmental influences. Significant progress has been made in diversity analysis of wild cranberry, lowbush blueberry, lingonberry and cloudberry germplasm, and in strawberry and raspberry cultivars and advanced breeding lines developed in Canada. Inter simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers detected an adequate degree of polymorphism to differentiate among berry genotypes, making this technology valuable for cultivar identification and for the more efficient choice of parents in the current berry improvement programs. Although multiple factors affect antioxidant activity, a wide range of genetic diversity has been reported in wild and cultivated berry crops. Diversity analysis based on molecular markers did not agree with those from antioxidant activity. The paper also discusses the issues that still need to be addressed to utilize the full potential of molecular techniques including expressed sequence tag-polymerase chain reaction (EST-PCR) analysis to develop improved environment-friendly berry cultivars suited to the changing needs of growers and consumers.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization and distribution of Plasmodium matutinum, a common avian malaria parasite

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 144 (13) ◽  
pp. 1726-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
GEDIMINAS VALKIŪNAS ◽  
MIKAS ILGŪNAS ◽  
DOVILĖ BUKAUSKAITĖ ◽  
VAIDAS PALINAUSKAS ◽  
RASA BERNOTIENĖ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Malaria Parasite ◽  
Avian Malaria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Infected Blood ◽  
Avian Malaria Parasite ◽  
Thrush Nightingale

SUMMARYSpecies of Plasmodium (Plasmodiidae, Haemosporida) are widespread and cause malaria, which can be severe in avian hosts. Molecular markers are essential to detect and identify parasites, but still absent for many avian malaria and related haemosporidian species. Here, we provide first molecular characterization of Plasmodium matutinum, a common agent of avian malaria. This parasite was isolated from a naturally infected thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia (Muscicapidae). Fragments of mitochondrial, apicoplast and nuclear genomes were obtained. Domestic canaries Serinus canaria were susceptible after inoculation of infected blood, and the long-lasting light parasitemia developed in two exposed birds. Clinical signs of illness were not reported. Illustrations of blood stages of P. matutinum (pLINN1) are given, and phylogenetic analysis identified the closely related avian Plasmodium species. The phylogeny based on partial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequences suggests that this parasite is most closely related to Plasmodium tejerai (cyt b lineage pSPMAG01), a common malaria parasite of American birds. Both these parasites belong to subgenus Haemamoeba, and their blood stages are similar morphologically, particularly due to marked vacuolization of the cytoplasm in growing erythrocytic meronts. Molecular data show that transmission of P. matutinum (pLINN1) occurs broadly in the Holarctic, and the parasite likely is of cosmopolitan distribution. Passeriform birds and Culex mosquitoes are common hosts. This study provides first molecular markers for detection of P. matutinum.

scholarly journals Study of Plant Genetic Variation through Molecular Markers: An Overview

2021 ◽  
pp. 464-473
Author(s):  
Zeina S. M. Al-Hadeithi ◽  
Saade Abdalkareem Jasim
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat Marker ◽  
Fragment Length ◽  
Simple Sequence Repeat ◽  
Plant Biotechnology ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Sequence Repeat ◽  
Simple Sequence

This article refers to viewing the role of molecular markers during analyzing the genome of plants and their importance in plant biotechnology. In recent years, we observed the role of molecular techniques in programs for improving plant breeding and preserving genetic resources has been observed, and molecular and biochemical indicators which represent basic material through determining the diversity between genotypes for indicators it is never affected by external surrounding conditions as always in the phenotype features. Molecular markers of DNA have been widely applied to answer a range of questions related to taxonomy, molecular evolution, population genetics, and genetic diversity, as well as monitoring trade in plants and food products , in addition to its having a role in studying gene expression , genetic mapping, and studies of species evolution providing fast and accurate results. In this work, the advantages and limitations of the molecular techniques applied in plant sciences such as: RAPD (Random Amplification Polymorphic DNA Marker); ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat Marker); SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat Marker); AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphic Marker); RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Marker); SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) and Real Time PCR.

scholarly journals Identification and Mapping of a 2,009-bp DNA Deletion inSERPING1of a Hereditary Angioedema Patient

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wai-Yu Wong ◽  
Helen Wong ◽  
Elaine Au ◽  
Eric Chan
Keyword(s):  
Hereditary Angioedema ◽  
Genomic Dna ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Type I ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Dna Deletion ◽  
Dna Deletions ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Dependent Probe

We report a heterozygous, 2,009 base pairs (bps) genomic DNA deletion within theSERPING1gene that has not previously been reported in a case of type I hereditary angioedema (HAE). The patient is a 28-year-old Han Chinese female living in Hong Kong who has suffered from recurrent angioedema since adolescence, with increasing attack frequency as she entered adulthood; in the past, episodes occurred annually, but now occur every two to three months. The affected areas are not itchy and include common sites such as the left and right forearms, but without throat involvement. The patient also experiences epigastric pain. The patient’s mother suffers from similar symptoms. A mutation in the serine protease inhibitor, clade G, member 1 (SERPING1) gene is associated with HAE. Patients with HAE type I commonly carry either a small deletion withinSERPING1or a truncated transcript. We performed a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) assay on our indexed patient. Our result suggests a 2,009 bps deletion spanning across exons 5 and 6 withinSERPING1. Although earlier literature has described other large DNA deletions encasing exons 5 and 6 inSERPING1, these DNA rearrangements were larger in size between 4 and 6 kbps, and the breakpoint locations were generally not determined due to technical constraints (Pappalardo et al., 2000; Duponchel et al., 2001; Roche et al., 2005; Loules et al., 2018; and Göβwein et al., 2008). Our report describes mapping of this 2,009 bps inSERPING1. Using a combination of molecular techniques, we were able to confirm and locate this large heterozygous genomic DNA deletion that includes both exons 5 and 6 ofSERPING1.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of 12 Mango Germplasm Using RAPD markers

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-99
Author(s):  
R. C. Jena ◽  
K. C. Samal ◽  
P. K. Chand ◽  
B. K. Das
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Mangifera Indica ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Similarity Coefficient ◽  
Group Method ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Relationship Analysis ◽  
Pair Group

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used for the genetic variation and relationship analysis among 12 Mango (Mangifera indica L.) germplasm. Five oligonucleotide primers were employed to amplify DNA from 12 cultivars. PCR amplification with five primers generated 45 reproducible, clear and distinct bands, out of which 41 bands are considered polymorphic and the remaining four fragments (8.88%)  monomorphic. The size of amplified product ranged from 200 (RPI-5) to 3000 base pairs (RPI-1) with an average of nine bands per primer. The average polymorphism in all the 12 cultivars using the five primers was found to be 91.91%. Among all the primers RPI-2 and RPI-4 have shown 100% polymorphism while RPI-5 was found to be least polymorphism (81.81%). One specific band, namely was found with RPI-5, in a particular variety, Chiratpuri. The UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method of Arithmetic Mean) dendrogram based on Jaccard’s similarity coefficient segregated the 12 mango germplasm into two clusters. Langra, Chiratpuri, Pravasankar, Alphanso, Sindhu and Kesar formed one cluster and rest six mango germplasm grouped together into another cluster. Sindhu and Alphanso cultivar pair was very close to each other with highest similarity coefficient (0.78), which was comparatively higher than all other cultivar pairs. On the other hand, Pravasankar and Neelam cultivar pair was more distinct to each other with the lowest intervarietal similarity coefficient 0.38. This study showed clearly that cultivars from Orissa unveiled maximum diversity and indicated the potential of RAPD markers for the identification of management of mango germplasm for breeding purposes.  Key words: Molecular characterization, Mango germplasm, Dversity  D.O.I. 10.3329/ptcb.v20i1.5972 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 20(1): 91-99, 2010 (June)

Prognostic Impact of Clinical and Molecular Markers in Normal Karyotype AML-Results from the AMLCG 2000 Trial.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3482-3482
Author(s):  
Friederike Schneider ◽  
Eva Hoster ◽  
Marietta Rottenkolber ◽  
Stephanie Schneider ◽  
Annika Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Normal Karyotype ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Prognostic Impact ◽  
Clinical Parameters ◽  
Single Mutation ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Molecular Alterations

Abstract Background: Prognosis of AML is influenced by different clinical and molecular alterations. We performed a multivariate analysis including five molecular markers NPM1, FLT-ITD, CEBPA, FLT-TKD and MLL-PTD combined with clinical parameters at initial diagnosis to refine risk stratification. Patients and methods: Prognostic impact of clinical and molecular parameters in respect to OS, EFS, RFS and CR was assessed in 803 patients with normal karyotype included in the AMLCG (German AML Cooperative Group) 2000 trial until 01/2006. Patients were randomly assigned to treatment with TAD (thioguanine, conventional-dose AraC, daunorubicin) followed by HAM (high-dose AraC, mitoxantrone) or with the double-induction regimen consisting of two courses of HAM (quotation Buechner JCO 2006). Patient age ranged from 17 to 85 years (median: 60 yrs). 51% of patients were male, 49% female. 81% of patients had de novo AML. Performance status was normal or slightly impaired in the majority of patients (71% ECOG 0/1). Median blood counts at diagnosis were: Hb: 9.2 g/dl (4.2–16.4 g/dl); WBC: 16.0 G/l (0.1–798.2 G/l); platelets: 58 G/l (0.02–643 G/l), LDH: 410 U/l (8–14332 U/l) and bone marrow (BM) blasts: 80% (6–100%). Molecular markers’ mutation status and all mentioned clinical parameters were included in univariate analyses. In multivariate analyses only univariate significant parameters were used. Results: In 560 patients with all five molecular markers analyzed by routine molecular techniques at diagnosis the frequency of mutations were the following: 52.7% NPM1+, 29.3% FLT3-ITD+, 6.1% FLT3-TKD+, 7.5% MLL-PTD+ and 7.5% CEBPA+. The majority of analyzed patients (44.1%) showed one single mutation only. About one quarter of patients displayed either none (27.5%) or two (26.2%) mutations. A minority of 2.1% had 3 mutations, whereas the combination of four or all five molecular alterations was not found. The most frequent single mutation was NPM1 (28.4%), followed by FLT3-ITD (5.4%), CEBPA (4.8%), MLL-PTD (4.6%) and FLT3-TKD (0.9%). The combination of FLT3-ITD and NPM1 was detected in 18.8% of patients. Complete remission (CR) rate was 65.1%. Median overall survival (OS), event-free survival (EFS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) were 19.3, 7.7 and 17.2 months. Multivariate analyses identified the following parameters to have significant impact on prognosis. OS: NPM1, FLT3-ITD, WBC, age (p<0.0001 each) and CEBPA (p=0.003); EFS/RFS: NPM1, FLT3-ITD and age (p<0.0001 each / p<0.0001 each) and LDH (p=0.020 / p=0.040); CR: NPM1 and age (p=0.001 each). Conclusions: Our data show in a large cohort of 560 patients that at least one molecular marker can be identified in 72.5% of patients with NK-AML. The NPM1 mutation and age are the only parameters with an independent impact on all outcome parameters (OS, EFS, RFS, CR). These data provide the basis for a prognostic model in NK-AML that can be used for risk stratification and selection of patients that will benefit from allogeneic stem cell transplantation.

Molecular characterization of Greek pepper (Capsicum annuum L) landraces with neutral (ISSR) and gene-based (SCoT and EST-SSR) molecular markers

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
pp. 256-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aphrodite Tsaballa ◽  
Ioannis Ganopoulos ◽  
Antonia Timplalexi ◽  
Xanthopoulou Aliki ◽  
Irene Bosmali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Capsicum Annuum L

scholarly journals Descriptions of diplostomid metacercariae (Digenea: Diplostomidae) from freshwater fishes in the Tshwane area

2013 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmey B.E. Moema ◽  
Pieter H. King ◽  
Johnny N. Rakgole ◽  
Chantélle Baker
Keyword(s):  
Clarias Gariepinus ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Cranial Cavity ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Parasitic Species ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Digenetic Trematodes ◽  
Genomic Regions

The metacercarial (larval) stages of diplostomid digeneans are known to inhabit freshwater fish, causing tissue damage in the process. Due to their widespread diversity, little is known about their life cycle. The classification of these parasitic stages to the species level using only the morphology is very challenging due to the lack of genitalia; they are regarded to be the most important structures in the identification of these organisms. In this study, additional morphological information through light and scanning electron microscopy is given for two different diplostomids found in the cranial cavity of Clarias gariepinus and the vitreous chambers of Tilapia sparrmanii and Pseudocrenilabrus philander. The diplostomid metacercaria inhabiting the cranial cavity of Clarias gariepinus was morphologically identified as Diplostomulum (Tylodelphys) mashonenseand an unknown metacercaria of the genus Diplostomumwas found in the vitreous chambers of Pseudocrenilabrus philander and Tilapia sparrmanii. Both parasitic species’ 28S recombinant deoxyribonucleic acid genomic regions were successfully amplified using Dig 125/1500R primer pairs. The assay yielded a product of approximately 1300 base pairs as seen on the gel images. There were 14 nucleotide differences over the entire analysed sequences resulting in a 1.1% (14/1273) nucleotide difference. In line with the morphological characteristics of these parasites, there seemed to be a slight difference in their genetic makeup. The application of molecular techniques on digenetic trematodes seems very promising and may yield great potential in future descriptions of morphologically similar parasitic species.

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