An analysis of growth trend, instability and determinants of rice production in Assam

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (04) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annesha Mech
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Function Coefficient ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Yearly Average ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Impact

Rice is one of the most dominant crop in Assam occupying about 70 per cent of the net cultivated area. It accounts for about 6 per cent of the national rice area and 4 per cent of production of India. This paper makes an attempt to examine the growth trend, instability and factors influencing rice production in Assam over the period 1972-73 to 2014-15. Annual Compound Growth Rates of area, production and yield is calculated using log-linear function. Coefficient of Variation is employed to assess the instability of rice production in Assam. To estimate the impact of various factors on rice production in Assam, three types of models are used namely linear model, log-linear model and a log-linear model with autocorrelation corrections. In all the models, the dependent variable is rice yield and the independent variables are yearly average rainfall, yearly average temperature of the state; area of rice cultivation in hectare; area covered by HYV seeds in hectare; area covered by irrigation in hectare; fertilizer used in kg per hectare. The estimated result of log-linear model with autocorrelation corrections shows that among the various determinants influencing rice production during the period 1972 to 2014, area under rice cultivation in hectares; area covered by HYV seeds in hectare; fertilizer used in kg per hectare were found to have a positive significant impact on rice production in Assam. Temperature is found to have a negative impact on rice production.

An Empirical Comparison between Societal Expenditure and Marketing Expenditure on Bank’s Performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 509-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaushik Mandal ◽  
Sujata Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Performance Status ◽  
Social Concern ◽  
Empirical Comparison ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
Profit Performance ◽  
Social Cause ◽  
Indian Banks ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Impact

Marketing expenditure plays a crucial role in determining performance since promotion mix generates market shares and revenues for the brands. But, nowadays, the impact of promotional expenditure is appeared to be non-responsive to influence the revenue and profitability as the consumers are now having ample scopes of escaping advertisement. Moreover consumers prefer the products that are associated with some social cause. Hence the purpose of this paper is to compare the impact of societal and marketing expenditure on profitability. To attain the purpose, we have employed empirical results of various Indian banks by developing a model using profit after tax (PAT), societal and marketing expenses. In particular, we have considered log-linear model as it fits better for all the banks when compared with the linear model. Further, we have compared the profit elasticity between societal and marketing expenses. Finally, association between the profit performance status and the comparative profit contribution at equal expenditure has been tested by employing non-parametric χ² test and Cramer’s V. Result proves the efficiency of ‘expenditure in social concern’ compared to ‘Expenditure in traditional marketing tools’ and hence it suggests for adopting alternative route, that is, societal means of promotion for better customer connect.

scholarly journals Multiple Systems Estimation for Modern Slavery: Robustness of List Omission and Combination

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872095142
Author(s):  
Serveh Sharifi Far ◽  
Ruth King ◽  
Sheila Bird ◽  
Antony Overstall ◽  
Hannah Worthington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Model ◽  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Simulation Study ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Multiple Systems ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
Partial Enumeration ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Impact

Performing censuses on stigmatized or vulnerable populations is challenging, however, for such populations partial enumeration is often possible using different lists or sources. If the sources overlap then multiple systems estimation (MSE) methods can be applied to obtain an estimate of the total population. These are typically expressed by a log-linear model which permits positive/negative dependencies between lists. This paper considers issues that arise for the application of MSE to modern slavery where there is little to no overlap of individuals across lists. We investigate the robustness of MSE in terms of the importance of each list and the impact of combining lists on the estimation process. We undertake a simulation study and consider real national modern slavery data from the UK and Romania.

scholarly journals Rice Cultivation - A Way of Life for the People of North Eastern Hill Region of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noren Singh Konjengbam ◽  
Mayurakshee Mahanta ◽  
Andrean Allwin Lyngdoh
Keyword(s):  
Rice Variety ◽  
National Average ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The North ◽  
Hill Region ◽  
The People ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
North Eastern

Being an amazing picturesque of land, the North Eastern Hill Region of India, consisting of more than 200 ethnic groups, has only about 2.27% of the total rice area and shares only 1.96% of the total rice production in the country. Whether profitable or not, the rice cultivation is a way of life for the people of North Eastern Hill Region of India. Till today, the production and productivity of rice in this region is below the national average because of its fragile ecosystem and the varied physio-graphic conditions pertaining to this region. Neither the wider recommendation of agricultural technology such as variety nor the use of a single technology or variety can solve this problem of low yield. However, the development of location specific high yielding rice variety using the existing land races prevalent in the area can be one of the promising technique for improving the production and productivity of rice cultivation in this region.

scholarly journals Impact of Genetic Improvements of Rice on Its Water Use and Effects of Climate Variability in Egypt

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 865
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mehana ◽  
Mohamed Abdelrahman ◽  
Yasmin Emadeldin ◽  
Jai S. Rohila ◽  
Raghupathy Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Climate Variability ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Maximum Temperature ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Unit Productivity ◽  
The Impact

Developing and disseminating resilient rice cultivars with increased productivity is a key solution to the problem of limited natural resources such as land and water. We investigated trends in rice cultivation areas and the overall production in Egypt between 2000 and 2018. This study identified rice cultivars that showed potential for high productivity when cultivated under limited irrigation. The results indicated that there were significant annual reductions in both the rice-cultivated area (−1.7% per year) and the production (−1.9% per year) during the study period. Among the commonly cultivated varieties, Sakha101 showed the highest land unit productivity, while Sakha102 showed the highest water unit productivity. The impact of deploying new cultivars was analyzed by substitution scenarios. The results showed that substituting cultivars Giza179 and Sakha107 has the potential to increase land productivity by 15.8% and 22.6%, respectively. This could result in 0.8 million m3 in water savings compared to 2018 water consumption. Long-term impacts of climate variability on the minimum and maximum temperature, relative humidity, and average precipitation during on- and off-season for rice productivity were also analyzed using an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. The results indicated that climate variability has an overall negative impact on rice productivity. Specifically, minimum temperature and on- and off-season precipitation had major long-term impacts, while higher relative humidity had a pronounced short-term impact on rice yields. The study revealed that short-duration cultivars with higher yields provided greater net savings in irrigation resources. These analyses are critical to guide the development of strategic management plans to mitigate short- and long-term climate effects on overall rice production and for developing and deploying improved rice varieties for sustainable rice production.

scholarly journals Climate Change Impacts on Rice Cultivation: A Comparative Study of the Tonle Sap and Mekong River

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (16) ◽  
pp. 8979
Author(s):  
Serey Sok ◽  
Nyda Chhinh ◽  
Sanara Hor ◽  
Pheakdey Nguonphan
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Rainfall Variability ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Mekong River ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Tonle Sap ◽  
Extreme Flood ◽  
Climate Hazards ◽  
The Impact

Climate change is unequivocal. Farmers are increasingly vulnerable to floods and drought. In this article, the negative impact of climate hazards on rice cultivation in the Tonle Sap and Mekong River influenced by climatic variability between 1994 and 2018 are analyzed. A cohort of 536 households from four Cambodian districts participated in household surveys designed to consider how various vulnerability factors interacted across this time series. It was found that: (i) The major climate hazards affecting rice production between 1994 and 2018 were frequent and extreme flood and drought events cause by rainfall variability; (ii) In 2018, extreme flood and drought occurred in the same rice cultivation cycle. The impact caused by each hazard across each region were similar; (3) An empirical model was used to demonstrate that drought events tend to limit access to irrigation, impact rice production, and result in an increased prevalence of water-borne diseases. Flood events cause reduced rice production, damage to housing, and impede children from accessing education. The impact of drought events on rice production was found to be more severe than flood events; however, each climatic hazard caused physical, economic, social, and environmental vulnerabilities. It is recommended that sufficient human and financial resources are distributed to local authorities to implement adaptation measures that prepare rice farmers for flood and drought events and promote equitable access to water resources.

scholarly journals ANALYTICAL STUDY OF THE MARKETING COMMUNICATIONS MARKET IN UKRAINE FOR 2016–2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iryna Ivanenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Marketing Communications ◽  
Market Segment ◽  
Growth Trend ◽  
Progressive Development ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
Active Processes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Given

The article is devoted to substantiation of theoretical and methodical bases of formulation of essence of definition “market of marketing communications”, the analysis of definitions available in literary sources is carried out and that which in the opinion of the author is the most complete and adequate modern market conditions is chosen. The general and specific factors of influence on the market of marketing communications are defined. Due to the lack of information on the results of the marketing communications market in official sources, economic diagnostics was conducted on the basis of data from the All-Ukrainian Advertising Coalition. The development of the marketing communications market for 2016–2020 is analyzed in terms of its separate segments: the advertising media market, the marketing communications service and digital advertising. It is established that as a result of declining incomes and purchasing power of the population and due to the introduction of quarantine restrictions, the market of marketing communications showed a negative growth trend for 2019–2020 by consumers and its transformation into a commercial platform. It is determined that the impact of quarantine restrictions had a negative impact on the dynamics of the market of marketing communications in Ukraine. The impact of COVID-19 has had a particular impact on cinema advertising: this segment has shrunk by more than half in 2020. Based on the analysis of statistical information, the main trends in the development of the marketing communications market are identified, as well as a forecast for this market segment for 2021. The progressive development of the marketing communications market in 2021 will depend on changes in the level of income and the epidemiological situation in the country. Most reputable experts and organizations have optimistic forecasts for the development of the marketing communications market. Active processes of development of the market of marketing communications cause constant revision and improvement of a methodology of an estimation of the given market segment by experts.

scholarly journals Estimating Area and Production of Rice under Different Crop-cut Methods in Bangladesh

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-16
Author(s):  
MS Kabir ◽  
DNR Paul ◽  
MI Hossain ◽  
NMF Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Rice Yield ◽  
Agricultural Extension ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Public Agencies ◽  
The Public ◽  
Transplanted Rice ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Plot Yield

Crop-cut is a widely used and well accepted procedure for estimating rice yield. This yield is then multiplied by the area planted under rice cultivation to determine rice production of the country. In Bangladesh, crop-cut is used to estimate transplanted rice yield. Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) as the public agencies provide estimate on area and production of rice but they use different methods of crop-cut. The estimates of these two agencies on area and production of rice are different posing a question to the users on the reliability of the estimates. An attempt has been made with the objective to formulate a protocol that provides reliable and unique estimates on rice area and production. It is suggested to make at least three cuts in each plot to minimize the chance of over or under estimation of the whole plot yield and the radius of the circle should be 178.5cm so that the cut area becomes 10 m2 in order to easy conversion of the crop-cut yield to t ha-1.Bangladesh Rice j. 2016, 20(1): 11-16

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS in the workplace and the impact on firm efficiency and firm competitiveness: The South African manufacturing industry as a case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhardus Van Zyl ◽  
Carol Lubisi
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Power Functions ◽  
The South ◽  
Firm Efficiency ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Hiv Aids

The aim of the article was to determine the extent of the negative impact of HIV/AIDS in the workplace on firm efficiency and firm competitiveness. The South African manufacturing sector was used as a case study. The above-mentioned research was deemed necessary, as very limited research has been published specifically on the technical measuring of the extent of the impact of HIV/AIDS on firm efficiency and firm competitiveness in South Africa. A survey questionnaire was designed for use in the research in order to capture the extent of the impact of HIV/AIDS on all levels of firm efficiency and firm competitiveness. A detailed statistical analysis of the results of the survey questionnaire and the parameter estimates of impact log-linear econometric power functions indicated that the negative impact of HIV/AIDS on firm efficiency and firm competitiveness was becoming more prevalent and serious, as it is underpinned by the statistical significance of the results and the high elasticity coefficients of the estimated log-linear power functions. It is recommended that human resource managers implement and manage HIV/AIDS programmes more effectively in order to counter the extent of the negative impact on firm efficiency and firm competitiveness.

scholarly journals Mechanized Cultivation Increases Labour Efficiency

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 49-66
Author(s):  
AKMS Islam
Keyword(s):  
Labour Productivity ◽  
Household Survey ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Rice Productivity ◽  
Rice Area ◽  
Farm Mechanization ◽  
Labour Requirement ◽  
The Impact

Farm mechanization facilitates to increase agricultural productivity and improves farm management by replacing human labour. Therefore, mechanical intervention is a vital adaptation strategy for a sustainable rice production system. Thus, this study aims to (i) estimate the amount of mechanical in-tervention required in rice cultivation, particularly in transplanting and harvesting operation; and (ii) delineate the impact of farm mechanization on rice productivity and employment generation. The primary data were collected through a household survey and key informant interviews. These data were used for projecting rice area, labour requirement, and off-farm employment opportunities in rice cultivation. Besides, secondary data were collected from published literature. The break-even la-bour requirement per hectare rice cultivation was 2.88 work-days. Labour productivity might be doubled by 2030 subject to bringing 42% and 36% of the total rice area under mechanical transplant-ing and harvesting, respectively. The projected demands of the transplanter and combine harvester to achieve the goal are 49,172 and 28,382, respectively. The mechanized rice transplanting, weeding, and harvesting reduced labour requirement by 29, 26, and 34%, respectively, compared to the manual op-erations. Besides, mechanization meets up the demand for labour at a seasonal peak and increases rice productivity. Furthermore, it creates some off-farm (e.g., operating) and non-farm (e.g., manufac-turing, repairing, and trading) employment opportunities for operating, maintenance, fabricating, and marketing of the machinery. Syncronize farming is required for enhancing the field efficiency of the farm machine at present size and shape of plots. Besides, the synchronized farming is beneficial for providing service to the farmers at their affordable rental charge. Government assistance should continue and strengthen for the procurement of transplanters and combine harvesters. A holistic ap-proach combining the public and private intervention is essential for achieving the mechanized farm-ing goal for sustainable rice farming in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (2): 49-66, 2021

scholarly journals An Analysis of the Water-Energy-Food-Land Requirements and CO2 Emissions for Food Security of Rice in Japan

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Hyun Lee ◽  
Makoto Taniguchi ◽  
Rabi Mohtar ◽  
Jin-Yong Choi ◽  
Seung-Hwan Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Rice Production ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Rice Consumption ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of rice-based food security on water, energy, land, and CO2 emissions from a holistic point of view using the Nexus approach, which analyzes tradeoffs between water, energy, and food management. In Japan, both rice consumption and the area harvested for rice have decreased. Maintaining a high self-sufficiency ratio (SSR) in rice production is an important aspect of food security in Japan, impacting the management of key resources, such as water, energy, and land. This study has, therefore, assessed the impact of various SSRs on rice production, focusing on consumption and land-use trends. First, the rice production SSR is predicted to drop to 87% by 2025 within the logarithmic trend of rice consumption and the polynomial trend line of the harvested area of rice. This reflects the fact that rice production is expected to decline more steeply than consumption between 2016 and 2025. Second, this study sets the SSRs for rice in 2025 between 80% and 100%, reflecting a range of low-to-high food security levels. In comparison with the 2016 baseline, about 0.70 × 10 6 additional tons of rice will be produced. Achieving a rice production SSR of 100% will require 10,195 × 10 6 m3 more of water and 23.31 × 10 6 GJ more of energy. Furthermore, an additional 283,000 tons of CO2 will be emitted in 2025, as more energy is used. By contrast, an 80% rice production SSR scenario would save 1482 × 10 6 m3 of water and 3.39 × 10 6 GJ of energy, as well as making a 398,000-ton reduction in CO2 emissions in 2015. A lower SSR would have a positive impact on resource management but a negative impact on food security. It would also reduce the income and economic status of farmers. It is, therefore, important to consider the tradeoffs between food security and resource savings in order to achieve sustainable water, energy, food, and land management in Japan.

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