Outbreak of Catopsilia pyranthe L. on Senna (Cassia angustifolia Vahl) and Migration in Western Arid Region of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sugan Chand Meena ◽  
Nisha Patel ◽  
Archana Sanyal ◽  
Mavji Patidar ◽  
Dilip Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Cassia Angustifolia ◽  
Diurnal Movement ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Shape Curve ◽  
Hourly Basis ◽  
Accurate Quantification ◽  
Made In

Background: Cassia angustifolia Vahl, senna, known for medicinal properties belongs to family fabacea is a hardy plant, suitable for saline and rainfed conditions serving as a host for caterpillars of Catopsilia pyranthe L. butterflies suffering up to 90 per cent defoliation. An attempt was made to record butterfly migrations due to an outbreak of the lepidopteron pest on senna which is the first report on butterfly migration in western arid region.Methods: Surveys made in different districts for accurate quantification of butterflies passing within 5 minute through a 10 meter wide strip. For diurnal pattern, observations were taken on hourly basis. Correlation of butterfly density with weather parameters was worked out.Result: Migration was mainly in South West direction in a steady line connecting Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Pali, Sirohi and Ajmer. The highest density (1360 butterflies/10m/5 minute) accounting for 16,320.0 butterflies/10m/hour and 97,920.0 butterflies/10m/day recorded in Keru (Jodhpur) representing bell shape curve of diurnal movement with a maximum activity between 12.00 noon and 1.00 PM.

scholarly journals Modelling Irrigation Water Requirements at Physiological Growth Stages of Okra Life Cycle Using CROPWAT Model for Derived Savannah and Humid Forest Zones of Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 20-29
Author(s):  
OrevaOghene Aliku ◽  
Suarau Odutola Oshunsanya
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Humid Forest ◽  
Weather Parameters ◽  
Accurate Quantification

Abstract Accurate quantification of irrigation water requirement at different physiological growth stages of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) life cycle is important to prevent over or under irrigation. Field experiments were therefore initiated to model okra irrigation water requirements at the four physiological growth stages of okra life cycle using CROPWAT model. Derived savannah 1 (DS1), derived savannah 2 (DS2) and humid forest (HF) occupying 493.36 ha, 69.83 ha and 305.25 ha respectively were used. Some selected soil physical properties coupled with weather parameters were used to develop irrigation water requirements for okra crop. In DS1, the estimated crop co-efficient (Kc) values were 0.30, 0.52, 0.84 and 0.70 for the germination, crop growth, flowering and fruiting stages, respectively. Corresponding Kc values in DS2 were 0.30, 0.54, 0.90 and 0.84 and in the HF were 0.30, 0.56, 0.87 and 0.86 respectively. Daily crop evapo-transpiration values ranged from 1.16 to 3.36, 1.17 to 3.64, and 1.2 to 3.38 mm day-1 for DS1, DS2 and HF respectively with significant (p = 0.05) peak at the flowering stage for the three locations. Sustainable okra cultivation would require maximum daily irrigation water at flowering stage (reproductive phase) to meet the crop physiological needs and evapo-transpiration demand of the atmosphere.

Performance Assessment of Engineered Barriers Using the Vault Model.

1992 ◽  
Vol 294 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.H. Johnson ◽  
D.M. Leneveu
Keyword(s):  
Model Parameters ◽  
Review Panel ◽  
Backfill Materials ◽  
Engineered Barriers ◽  
Uncertainty Analyses ◽  
Engineered Barrier ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Radionuclide Release ◽  
Nuclear Fuel Waste ◽  
Made In

ABSTRACTThe Vault Model for assessing engineered barrier performance has been developed as part of the preparation of an Environmental Impact Statement to be presented to a Federal Environmental Assessment Review Panel reviewing the Canadian nuclear fuel waste disposal concept. The model describes the behaviour of titanium containers, radionuclide release from used fuel, and migration of radionuclides through buffer and backfill materials and into the surrounding geosphere. Vault Model simulations have shown that the release of radionuclides from the engineered barrier system is dominated by the release from the fuel-sheath gap and grain boundaries in used fuel. Sensitivity and uncertainty analyses have illustrated how releases from the vault are affected by both the uncertainty in model parameters and the assumptions made in the development of the models. It is likely that the combined effects of a number of conservatisms in the model result in the releases from the engineered barrier system being overpredicted by several orders of magnitude.

scholarly journals RECENT ADVANCES IN MANAGEMENT OF FRUIT FLY FOR GUAVA ORCHARDS: A SHORT REVIEW

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (no 1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Kotiyal ◽  
Anis Mirza
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Guava Fruit ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
New Research ◽  
Day By Day ◽  
Made In

Guava is a popular fruit crop of tropical India, which is a rich source of vitamin C and has many medicinal properties. Guava has 2-3 crops in a year according to climatic and genetic condition of variety. It is a crop which gives high yield but due to damages of fruit fly, quality and quantity of fruits becomes poor. Infestation of fruit fly in India is high during rainy season which causes low demand by consumers. Among all the fruit flies, Bactrocera fruit fly damage fruit quality and quantity of guava crop most and gives significant worth losses. It is very challenging to manage fruit flies due to their adaptation to several regions, wide range of host and biology. New research and techniques are developing day by day but those are insufficient for their control. This review is focused on Bactrocera species which are more damaging in respect to guava orchards of India. Therefore, new methods for controlling the infestation of fruit fly in fruit crops are introduced. The potential of these methods is immense for commercial exploitation. The paper attempt to document the accomplishment made in guava fruit improvement in perspective to Indian conditions. The information is valuable for farmers and academician for further studies.

scholarly journals Simple rules guide dragonfly migration

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Wikelski ◽  
David Moskowitz ◽  
James S Adelman ◽  
Jim Cochran ◽  
David S Wilcove ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Rules ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Migration Strategy ◽  
Anax Junius ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Radio Transmitters ◽  
Migratory Patterns ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Made In

Every year billions of butterflies, dragonflies, moths and other insects migrate across continents, and considerable progress has been made in understanding population-level migratory phenomena. However, little is known about destinations and strategies of individual insects. We attached miniaturized radio transmitters ( ca 300 mg) to the thoraxes of 14 individual dragonflies (common green darners, Anax junius ) and followed them during their autumn migration for up to 12 days, using receiver-equipped Cessna airplanes and ground teams. Green darners exhibited distinct stopover and migration days. On average, they migrated every 2.9±0.3 days, and their average net advance was 58±11 km in 6.1±0.9 days (11.9±2.8 km d −1 ) in a generally southward direction (186±52°). They migrated exclusively during the daytime, when wind speeds were less than 25 km h −1 , regardless of wind direction, but only after two nights of successively lower temperatures (decrease of 2.1±0.6 °C in minimum temperature). The migratory patterns and apparent decision rules of green darners are strikingly similar to those proposed for songbirds, and may represent a general migration strategy for long-distance migration of organisms with high self-propelled flight speeds.

scholarly journals 44. Investigation of perturbed motion of the leonid meteor stream

1968 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 449-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. Kazimirčak-Polonskaja ◽  
N. A. Beljaev ◽  
I. S. Astapovič ◽  
A. K. Terenteva
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Activity ◽  
Meteor Shower ◽  
Meteor Stream ◽  
Outer Planets ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Meteor Body ◽  
Action At A Distance ◽  
Last 300 Years ◽  
The Times ◽  
Made In

The investigation is based on a system of elements, obtained from the best observations made in England during the maximum of the meteor shower 1866. This system represents the most probable orbit of that part of the stream, which passed perihelion during the years 1864–67 and was later given the name of Ortho-Leonids. Seventeen points (meteor groups) have been chosen on this orbit, and differential equations of their motion have been integrated on the electronic computer BESM-2 by Cowell's method of quadratures, taking account of perturbations from eight planets (Venus–Pluto), with a variable step from 0·001 to 40 days and taking account of differences through to the 4th order. The motions of two groups (XI and XII) have been investigated in an interval of 300 years (1700–2000), and the motions of the rest of the groups for a space of 135 years (1866–2000). All the close approaches of these groups to the Earth, Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have been determined. The results of integration are given in the tables, which clearly represent the evolution of the orbit of every group. It has been found that the basic factors determining the evolution of separate groups, and of the stream as a whole, are the close approaches to the outer planets. The perturbations by these planets, especially by Jupiter and Saturn, determine the conditions for an encounter of the meteor groups with the Earth, and cause a change in the activity of the Leonid shower at different apparitions. Apparitions of the Leonids have been investigated for the last millennium, and in more detail for the last 180 years. It has been stated that the orbit of the Ortho-Leonid stream remained stable over the interval of 1000 years; its stability has been confirmed by calculations during the last 300 years, and the limits of changes of its elements have been computed. The perturbing influence of the Earth on the motion of meteor bodies in its sphere of action has been investigated. It turns out that at exceptionally deep penetrations of meteor bodies into this sphere of action, at a distance of some 1000 km from the Earth, its perturbations can essentially transform the orbit of a meteor body, e.g. reduce its period of revolution by some years, and materially change the eccentricity of the orbit, its inclination, etc. Conditions for an encounter of the stream with the Earth in the period 1898–2000 have been clarified, and forecasts have been made for the times of maximum activity of the shower in the years 1966–68. In 1967 the maximum activity of the Leonids is predicted to occur from November 17, 18h to November 18, 1h UT.

Evidence for nondiffusive transport of 86Rn in the ground and a new physical model for the transport

Geophysics ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 47 (10) ◽  
pp. 1444-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krister Kristiansson ◽  
Lennart Malmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Length ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Constant Depth ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
Transport Length ◽  
Carrier Mechanism ◽  
Flow Transport ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Radon Measurements ◽  
Made In

Concentration of radon has been measured in the soil near the ground surface with solid‐state, nuclear track detectors with the inverted cup technique. Measurements were made in the overburden at depth intervals 0.1–0.7 m, at 0.1–6 m, and at a constant depth of 0.2 m, in a narrow rectangular matrix. The results disagree with the hypothesis that radon concentration only depends upon local production and migration by diffusion with a diffusion length of about 1 m. A transport length of 0.1–0.2 m is observed near the ground surface and the transport is dominated by a flow component. Radon measurements in the ground surface over the Laisvall lead mine have given evidence of radon transport through rock exceeding a distance of 100 m, which is possible only if the migration is a flow transport with a characteristic transport length larger than about 10 m/day. To explain the radon transport in the overburden and through the rock with a common transport system, the existence of a general upward flow of geo‐gas is proposed. This geo‐gas works as a carrier mechanism for radon. The physical conditions for the existence of a flow transport of radon are discussed.

scholarly journals Socio-economic Determinants of Labour Mobility in Pakistan

1993 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ather Maqsood Ahmed ◽  
Ismail Sirageldin
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource Development ◽  
Internal Migration ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Labour Mobility ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Level Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Made In

Why do factors of production, especially the labour, migrate from one region or sector to another? This question, which remains fundamental to economic and human resource development, has been a major topic among researchers. While considerable progress has been made in developing a theoretical model of migration, the empirical verification of this model using individual level data has remained unresolved. With the availability of Population, Labour Force, and Migration (PLM) Survey data, this paper attempts to develop a model of internal migration in Pakistan, to serve as a guiding paradigm to write down a model for meaningful estimation. Keeping in line with the literature, three types of variables have been identified as the possible determinants of migration. These variables relate to the possession of human capital, commitment to job and place of residence, and cost-related factors. After controlling for other variables, it was observed that, in general, migrants were selective especially in terms of age, education, and choice of occupation. These findings are consistent with the evidence from other developing countries.

scholarly journals Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) species from the Greater Mekong Subregion

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thatsanee Luangharn ◽  
Samantha C Karunarathna ◽  
Arun Kumar Dutta ◽  
Soumitra Paloi ◽  
Cin Khan Lian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
New Records ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Made In

Abstract The cosmopolitan Ganoderma is an important pathogen on arboreal plant hosts. Ganoderma is particularly diverse in tropical and temperate regions. It has long been used as traditional medicine because of its beneficial medicinal properties and chemical constituents. In this study, Ganoderma collections were made in tropical regions of Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam and temperate Yunnan Province, China. The specimens are described based on micro-macro characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequence data. In this comprehensive study, we report 22 Ganoderma species from temperate and tropical regions of the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), namely G. adspersum , G. applanatum , G. australe , G. calidophilum , G. ellipsoideum , G. flexipes , G. gibbosum , G. heohnelianum , G. hochiminhense , G. leucocontextum , G. lingzhi , G. lucidum , G. multiplicatum , G. multipileum , G. myanmarens e , G. orbiforme , G. philippii , G. resinaceum , G. sinense , G. subresinosum , G. williamsianum , and G. tsugae . Of these species, 12 were collected from Yunnan Province, China; three species, were collected from Laos; three species, 2 new records, and one new species were collected from Myanmar; 15 species, and four new records were collected from Thailand; and one new species was collected from Vietnam. Comprehensive descriptions, color photographs of macro and micro characteristics, the distribution of Ganoderma in the GMS and worldwide, and a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of all the Ganoderma reported from the GMS are provided.

Better Lives and Better Incomes, but Slim Prospects for Shared Prosperity

2020 ◽  
pp. 280-318
Author(s):  
Rita Afsar ◽  
Mahabub Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Policy Analysis ◽  
Urban Poverty ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Income Growth ◽  
Urban Residents ◽  
Practice Analysis ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Made In

Chapter 9 prepares a report card by highlighting the major findings covering each of the themes of the book: urban poverty, income growth, and inequality; migration, rural−urban linkage, and transformative potential; migration, better livelihoods, and inclusive development; quality of life and sustainability matters; urbanization and the demographic dividend; and migration and modernization. It highlights the progress made in the 20-year period and the gaps and challenges. Opportunities and challenges are then discussed critically through policy lenses. Based on the policy analysis as well as lessons from better practice analysis across the globe, it recommends appropriate measures and strategies to make Dhaka a more prosperous, sustainable, inclusive, and liveable city. Finally, it sums up the major findings in response to the compelling questions regarding scope for the poorer segment of urban residents to reap benefits of better lives, better incomes and claim equal share in the city’s growing prosperity like their non-poor counterparts in the concluding remarks.

scholarly journals Ganoderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycota) Species from the Greater Mekong Subregion

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 819
Author(s):  
Thatsanee Luangharn ◽  
Samantha C. Karunarathna ◽  
Arun Kumar Dutta ◽  
Soumitra Paloi ◽  
Itthayakorn Promputtha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
New Records ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Medicinal Properties ◽  
Greater Mekong Subregion ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Made In ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The cosmopolitan fungal genus Ganoderma is an important pathogen on arboreal plant hosts, particularly in tropical and temperate regions. It has long been used as a traditional medicine because of its medicinal properties and chemical constituents. In this study, Ganoderma collections were made in the Greater Mekong Subregion (GMS), encompassing tropical parts of Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, and temperate areas in Yunnan Province, China. The specimens used in this study are described based on micro-macro-characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of combined ITS, LSU, TEF1α, and RPB2 sequence data. In this comprehensive study, we report 22 Ganoderma species from the GMS, namely, G. adspersum, G. applanatum, G. australe, G. calidophilum, G. ellipsoideum, G. flexipes, G. gibbosum, G. heohnelianum, G. hochiminhense, G. leucocontextum, G. lucidum, G. multiplicatum, G. multipileum, G. myanmarense, G. orbiforme, G. philippii, G. resinaceum, G. sichuanense, G. sinense, G. subresinosum, G. williamsianum, and G. tsugae. Some of these species were reported in more than one country within the GMS. Of these 22 species, 12 were collected from Yunnan Province, China; three were collected from Laos; three species, two new records, and one new species were collected from Myanmar; 15 species and four new records were collected from Thailand, and one new species was collected from Vietnam. Comprehensive descriptions, color photographs of macro- and micro-characteristics, the distribution of Ganoderma within the GMS, as well as a phylogenetic tree showing the placement of all reported Ganoderma from the GMS are provided.

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