scholarly journals Individual risks to adolescent health, caused by contaminating the air, and their relationship with the levels of specific autoantibodies

2019 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 738-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liudmila B. Masnavieva ◽  
N. V. Efimova ◽  
I. V. Kudaeva
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
The Body ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City

The high levels of the air pollution create prerequisites for the development of the pathology of target organs exposed to chemical agents. Big enterprises of oil refining and chemical industry of the Irkutsk region are located in the cities of Angarsk and Sayansk. The average level of the air pollution for several years in these cities is assessed as high and moderate, respectively. The use of the personalized approach may allow to more correctly evaluate the risk for the damage to health and the body’s response to external impacts. The purpose of this study was to assess the risk offormation ofpathological processes in the body of adolescents in the conditions of inhalation exposure to chemicals, taking into account the individual load and study of the level of specific autoantibodies. The study included 373 adolescents from the city with high levels of air pollution and 188 schoolchildren from the city with a moderate level pollution. There was made an evaluation of the individual chemical hazard load on adolescents ’ body due to the air pollution, physiologicalfeatures and the organization of educational process and leisure. There were studied the levels of specific autoantibodies, reflecting the state of the organs - targets for the impact ofpollutants. The calculation of the individual chemical load allows to calculate indices of the hazard for the health problems of each individual and to identify individuals at increased risk of developing diseases of organs and systems, which are targets for exposure to pollutants. The increase in the hazard index of developing respiratory diseases was found to be accompanied by an increase of the relative content of autoantibodies against membrane antigens of the lung tissue. There was revealed the elevation in autoantibodies levels to the proteins of vascular endothelial with increasing hazard index of disturbances in the cardiovascular system in adolescents living in city with high levels of air pollution.

scholarly journals RANKING OF THE CITY TERRITORY BASED ON THE RESULTS OF CALCULATED MONITORING OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR POLLUTION FROM STATIONARY SOURCES

2021 ◽  
pp. 111-117
Author(s):  
A.A. Ibragimova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Impact Analysis ◽  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Odor Thresholds ◽  
Large Center ◽  
Long Term Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Stationary Sources

The article focuses on a method for ranking the city territory according to the level of atmospheric pollu-tion. Calculations of dispersion of emissions from stationary sources are performed, maximum one-time and average annual concentrations of harmful substances for the city of Nizhnekamsk, which is a large center of the petrochemical and oil refining industries, are determined. Analysis of peak short-term expo-sures is carried out on the basis of maximum concentrations expressed in terms of hygiene standards, reference concentrations for acute inhalation exposure and odor thresholds of substances. Long-term impact analysis is based on the Integrated Air Pollution Index. Based on the results of the calculation of these parameters, the zoning of the city'territory is carried out.

scholarly journals Environmental Regulation and Exports: Evidence from the Comprehensive Air Pollution Policy in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 1316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Firm Entry ◽  
Entry And Exit ◽  
Control Plan ◽  
Heterogeneous Effects ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Firm Entry And Exit

The impact of environmental regulation has been an important topic. Based on the Chinese Custom Database and China City Statistical Yearbook, this paper investigates the effect of environmental regulation on export values and explores potential mechanisms and heterogeneous effects. Taking advantage of China’s first comprehensive air pollution prevention and control plan, the Air Pollution Control in Key Zones policy, as a quasi-natural experiment, we employ the difference-in-differences method to examine the causal relationship between environmental regulation and exports. We find the statistically significant and negative effect of environmental regulation on exports at the city level. Moreover, we find that the potential mechanism is the change in export values caused by firm entry and exit, especially by exiters, rather than the change in the number of exporting firms in the city caused by firm entry and exit. In addition, we find the heterogeneous effects of environmental regulation based on the differences of environmental policy across cities and the Broad Economic Categories classification.

scholarly journals Timing of Bisphosphonate Initiation After Fracture: What Does the Data Really Say?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215145932098036
Author(s):  
David W. Barton ◽  
C. Taylor Smith ◽  
Amit S. Piple ◽  
Sterling A. Moskal ◽  
Jonathan J. Carmouche
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Healing ◽  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Osteoporosis Treatment ◽  
The Body ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Level I ◽  
Timing Of Initiation ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Published Research

Introduction: Osteoporosis is often not clinically recognized until after a fracture occurs. Individuals who have 1 fracture are at increased risk of future fractures. Prompt initiation of osteoporosis treatment following fracture is critical to reducing the rate of future fractures. Antiresorptives are the most widely used class of medications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Many providers are hesitant to initiate antiresorptives in the acute post-fracture period. Concerns include interference with bone remodeling necessary for successful fracture healing, which would cause increased rates of non-union, malunion, and refracture. While such concerns should not extend to anabolic medications, physicians may also hesitate to initiate anabolic osteoporosis therapies due to high cost and/or lack of familiarity. This article aims to briefly review the available data and present a digestible narrative summary to familiarize practicing orthopaedic surgeons with the essential details of the published research on this topic. Results: The results of 20 clinical studies and key pre-clinical studies related to the effect of anti-resorptive medications for osteoporosis on fracture healing are summarized in the body of this narrative review. Discussion & Conclusions: While few level I studies have examined the impact of timing of initiation of osteoporosis medications in the acute post-fracture period, the few that have been published do not support these concerns. Specifically, data from level I clinical trials indicate that initiating bisphosphonates as early as 2 weeks post-fracture does not increase rates of non-union or malunion. By reviewing the available data, we hope to give clinicians the confidence to initiate osteoporosis treatment promptly post-fracture.

THE IMPACT OF SOCIETAL CHANGES ON INDIVIDUAL AND SOCIAL BEHAVIOR

Moldoscopie ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 112-118
Author(s):  
Elena Railean ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Behavior ◽  
Global Education ◽  
Teaching Method ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Societal Changes ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Audio Video ◽  
The Impact

The social changes are the result of societal challenges and are related to profound, sustainable, and non-linear actions and their result on the environment, society, and the individual. The impact of societal changes on human and social behavior is not unequivocal, and its understanding depends on the research methodology. For this paper is applied the phenomenological description - a method that refers to the experience lived in the immediate existential from the perspective of the essence of phenomena. The research data is the result of applying an online questionnaire developed with Google Form on a sample of 158 respondents. The results obtained allow us to describe the impact of societal changes on human and social behavior through the specifics of the phenomenon of “global education”: the diversification of the forms of organization of the educational process; interactive discourse - effective teaching method; prioritization of action methods; the use of audio / video sequences in the teacher’s message; the issue of computerized evaluation; the theme of continuing education courses and the importance of the interactive portal for in-service teachers.

NESTED HIGH-RESOLUTION NOx AND PM SIMULATIONS OVER ZÜRICH

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivo Suter ◽  
Lukas Emmenegger ◽  
Dominik Brunner
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Multi Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Concentration Levels

<p>Reducing air pollution, which is the world's largest single environmental health risk, demands better-informed air quality policies. Consequently, multi-scale air quality models are being developed with the goal to resolve cities. One of the major challenges in such model systems is to accurately represent all large- and regional-scale processes that may critically determine the background concentration levels over a given city. This is particularly true for longer-lived species such as aerosols, for which background levels often dominate the concentration levels, even within the city. Furthermore, the heterogeneous local emissions, and complex dispersion in the city have to be considered carefully.</p><p>In this study, the impact of processes across a wide range of scales on background concentrations over Switzerland and the city of Zurich was modelled by performing one year of nested European and Swiss national COSMO-ART simulations to obtain adequate boundary conditions for gas-phase chemical, aerosol and meteorological conditions for city-resolving simulations. The regional climate chemistry model COSMO-ART (Vogel et al. 2009) was used in a 1-way coupled mode. The outer, European, domain, which was driven by chemical boundary conditions from the global MOZART model, had a 6.6 km horizontal resolution and the inner, Swiss, domain one of 2.2 km. For the city scale, a catalogue of more than 1000 mesoscale flow patterns with 100 m resolution was created with the model GRAMM, based on a discrete set of atmospheric stabilities, wind speeds and directions, accounting for the influence of land-use and topography. Finally, the flow around buildings was solved with the CFD model GRAL forced at the boundaries by GRAMM. Subsequently, Lagrangian dispersion simulations for a set of air pollutants and emission sectors (traffic, industry, ...) based on extremely detailed building and emission data was performed in GRAL. The result of this nested procedure is a library of 3-dimensional air pollution maps representative of hourly situations in Zurich (Berchet et al. 2017). From these pre-computed situations, time-series and concentration maps can be obtained by selecting situations according to observed or modelled meteorological conditions.</p><p>The results were compared to measurements from air quality monitoring network stations. Modelled concentrations of NO<sub>x</sub> and PM compared well to measurements across multiple locations, provided background conditions were considered carefully. The nested multi-scale modelling system COSMO-ART/GRAMM/GRAL can adequately reproduce local air quality and help understanding the relative contributions of local versus distant emissions, as well as fill the space between precise point measurements from monitoring sites. This information is useful for research, policy-making, and epidemiological studies particularly under the assumption that exceedingly high concentrations become more and more localised phenomenon in the future.</p>

scholarly journals Air pollution and the development of asthma from birth until young adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 2000147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Gehring ◽  
Alet H. Wijga ◽  
Gerard H. Koppelman ◽  
Judith M. Vonk ◽  
Henriette A. Smit ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Asthma Incidence ◽  
Mite Allergy ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Air Pollution Exposure ◽  
Pollution Exposure ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundAir pollution is associated with asthma development in children and adults, but the impact on asthma development during the transition from adolescence to adulthood is unclear. Adult studies lack historical exposures and consequently cannot assess the relevance of exposure during different periods of life. We assessed the relevance of early-life and more recent air pollution exposure for asthma development from birth until early adulthood.MethodsWe used data of 3687 participants of the prospective Dutch PIAMA (Prevention and Incidence of Asthma and Mite Allergy) birth cohort and linked asthma incidence until age 20 years to estimated concentrations of nitrogen dioxide (NO2), particulate matter with a diameter <2.5 μm (PM2.5), <10 μm (PM10), and 2.5–10 μm, and PM2.5 absorbance (“soot”) at the residential address. We assessed overall and age-specific associations with air pollution exposure with discrete time-hazard models, adjusting for potential confounders.ResultsOverall, we found higher incidence of asthma until the age of 20 years with higher exposure to all pollutants at the birth address (adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) ranging from 1.09 (1.01–1.18) for PM10 to 1.20 (1.10–1.32) for NO2) per interquartile range increase) that were rather persistent with age. Similar associations were observed with more recent exposure defined as exposure at the current home address. In two-pollutant models with particulate matter, associations with NO2 persisted.ConclusionsExposure to air pollution, especially from motorised traffic, early in life may have long-term consequences for asthma development, as it is associated with an increased risk of developing asthma through childhood and adolescence into early adulthood.

scholarly journals A need-adapted transition program after pediatric kidney transplantation

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susanne Rieger ◽  
Dirk Bethe ◽  
Angela Bagorda ◽  
Dorothea Treiber ◽  
Jörg Beimler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Transition Program ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Adult Care ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Pediatric Renal Transplant ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

AbstractA successful transition of renal transplant recipients from pediatric to adult care requires a structured, need-adapted and multidisciplinary approach to preserve renal graft function during this critical period of life. In this article we present our clinical protocol for transition from pediatric to adult care, which we developed on the basis of the International Society of Nephrology (ISN)/International Pediatric Nephrology Association (IPNA) consensus guidelines influenced by our own experience. This transition program was established in our center in July 2017. The entire transition process is structured and accompanied by a transition key worker (social worker). From 12 years of age we train pediatric renal transplant recipients in medical knowledge, self-management skills and networking with self-help groups. The training is adapted to the individual patient‘s intellectual ability, lasts about 10 years and takes place with increasing intensity. Repeatedly we perform standardized informational interviews and check patient’s knowledge of transplant-related topics. Psychosocial and educational issues are evaluated concomitantly. The actual transfer takes place in a pediatric-adult-transition clinic. Relevant medical and psychosocial aspects are discussed and the future treatment regimen is established. The date of transfer is adapted to the individual patient’s need; it varies between 18 and 24 years of age. In periods of increased risk for non-adherence the transfer is postponed to intensify the efforts for training and assistance. After transfer a standardized evaluation of each individual patient takes place focusing on medical and psychosocial issues and on satisfaction with the transition process. Collection of these data is still in progress and will be analyzed systematically at a later stage in order to evaluate the impact of this new transition program on the stability of transplant function. That analysis might serve as a basis for negotiations about refunding with health insurance companies.

scholarly journals Procedural Predictors for Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold Thrombosis: Analysis of the Individual Components of the “PSP” Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zisis Dimitriadis ◽  
Alberto Polimeni ◽  
Remzi Anadol ◽  
Martin Geyer ◽  
Melissa Weissner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Expansion Ratio ◽  
Implantation Technique ◽  
Bioresorbable Vascular Scaffold ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Scaffold Thrombosis ◽  
Vascular Scaffolds ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

The technique used at the time of implantation has a central role in determining the risk of thrombosis in bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BRS). Different definitions of the “optimal” implantation technique exist, however. The impact of individual procedural characteristics on the risk of scaffold thrombosis (ScT) was evaluated in a single-center observational study that enrolled 657 patients (79% males, mean age 63 ± 12 years) with 763 lesions who received a total of 925 BRS for de novo lesions. During a median 1076 (762–1206) days’ follow-up there were 28 cases of thrombosis. Independent predictors of ScT included the use of predilatation balloons bigger than the nominal BRS diameter (hazard ratio (HR) = 0.4 (0.16–0.98), p = 0.04), sizing (implantation in vessels with reference vessel diameter >3.5 mm or <2.5 mm: HR = 5.71 (2.32–14.05), p = 0.0002) and the degree of vessel expansion (ratio of minimum lumen to reference vessel diameter, HR: 0.005 (0.0001–0.23), p = 0.007). In addition, a mild BRS oversizing (final BRS diameter to vessel diameter 1.14–1.28) was associated with a lower thrombosis risk, whereas undersizing and more severe oversizing (final BRS diameter to vessel diameter <1.04 and >1.35, respectively) were associated with an increased risk of ScT (HR = 0.13 (0.02–0.59), p = 0.0007). In conclusion, different components of the “optimal” technique have different impacts on the risk of BRS thrombosis. Besides predilatation with a balloon larger than the BRS diameter, correct vessel size selection and a mild to moderate oversizing appear to be protective.

The Metabolic SYNDROME and the RISK of Venous Thrombosis: RESULTS of AN Individual LEVEL Patient Meta-ANALYSIS

Blood ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 116 (21) ◽  
pp. 3177-3177
Author(s):  
Francesco Dentali ◽  
Cihan Ay ◽  
Moon Jang ◽  
Matteo di Minno ◽  
Ingrid Pabinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Individual Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Abstract 3177 Background: The metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of interrelated risk factors that identify patients at increased risk of cardiovascular events. Recent studies also suggested an association between MS and venous thromboembolism (VTE). However, the role of the individual features of MS and whether MS and its features are more important than obesity alone to predict VTE remain to be established. Methods: We performed an individual patient level meta-analysis of case-control studies comparing the prevalence of MS in patients with unprovoked VTE and in controls. MEDLINE, EMBASE databases, and abstract books were searched up to January 2010. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals of pooled results were calculated. The influence of individual variables (age, sex, BMI and MS) on the likelihood of VTE was compared using logistic regression analysis. Multivariate analysis was subsequently performed including the individual components of MS in the place of MS. The impact of increasing number of individual components of MS on the risk of VTE was investigated. Results: Four studies were identified and analyzed, for a total of 1332 patients (479 cases and 833 controls). Mean age was 53.3 and 52.7, respectively (p=n.s.), 49.5% cases and 42.4% controls were males (p=0.0003), 38.8% and 30.0% were obese (p=0.0001). MS was significantly associated with VTE (OR 1.97, 1.57–2.47), and the association linearly increased with the number of MS features (p for trend <0.001). At multivariate analysis, MS but not obesity remained associated with VTE (OR 1.92, 1.50–2.46 and 1.14, 0.88–1.47, respectively). All individual features of MS, but HDL cholesterol, were independently associated with VTE. Conclusions: The results of this meta-analysis confirm the association between MS and VTE and suggest that MS (and visceral obesity defined by increased waist circumference) could be a more important predictor of VTE than obesity defined by BMI. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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