scholarly journals METHODUCAL APPROACH AND ASSESSMENT OF NOISE IMPACT OF RAIL TRANSPORT ON THE BASIS OF THE USE OF RISK ASSESSMENT METHODOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 96 (7) ◽  
pp. 675-681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga I. Kopytenkova ◽  
D. E. Kurepin ◽  
K. B. Fridman ◽  
E. B. Kuznetsova
Keyword(s):  
Extreme Values ◽  
Residential Buildings ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Railway Transport ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Zone Of Influence

The paper presents the results of measurement, prediction and assessment of noise in the territory in the zone of the influence of the railway transport. The railway transport is established to be a source of excess acoustic impact on the environment within the area of sanitary break (100 m). The dependence of the change in noise levels from freight trains at a distance of 100 m from the source and up to 30 m from the ground surface was revealed. Equivalent sound levels in octave bands for the railway section of the model are calculated. Based on the results of field measurements and calculated data, the identification of indices of risk for adverse reactions in the population living in the zone of influence of the Railways was executed. The paper presents results of the calculation of the probability of occurrence of complaints on excessive noise and the likelihood of irritation at the noise, and the results of the calculation of risk indices of pathologies of the nervous and cardiovascular systems. The research made it possible to identify the regulatory documentation discrepancy in the definition of the health gap between the line source traffic noise and residential buildings. Field measurements and executed on their basis their modeling of the noise propagation (without obstacles) have shown that on the boundary of the regulatory sanitary protection zone (100m) in the congested section of the railway the noise level of 60-62 dBA is maintained. The risk of irritation to the noise and the likelihood of complaints is assessed as “acceptable”. The risk of pathology of the cardiovascular system is evaluated as “low”. At a distance of 50 m (65 dBA) with bearing in mind age-related changes after 70 years of exposure the risk reaches of extreme values - 0,935. Construction sites located less than 100 m from the railway were shown to fall into the zone of acoustic discomfort. There was substantiated the necessity of resolving differences in regulatory documentation by harmonizing sanitary and technical groups documents regulating methods of measurement, prediction and evaluation of sound levels on the territories in the zone of influence of the Railways.

Equivalent sound level as a predictor for road traffic noise annoyance assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4622-4633
Author(s):  
Jan Felcyn ◽  
Anna Preis
Keyword(s):  
Road Traffic ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Calculated Data ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Time Structure ◽  
Single Type ◽  
Road Traffic Noise ◽  
The Road ◽  
Noise Annoyance ◽  
Sound Levels

Noise annoyance can be rated either in situ or in laboratory conditions. Regarding the , many papers indicate that only 30% of the variance in people's answers can be explained by sound level values. This value increases when a single type of noise is presented to participants in lab. However, the relationship between time structure of the noise stimulus and annoyance rating is still ambiguous. In this study road traffic noise stimuli with different time structure at three different sound levels were created. Moreover, the psychoacoustical characteristics of them were also computed. The calculated data was compared with results of the listening test in which participants rated each stimulus on the numerical ICBEN scale. Analysis showed that loudness and sound level are the dominant factors, they correlate quite well (~70%) with people's ratings. However, the different time structure of the road traffic noise at the same sound level did not evoke significantly different noise annoyance ratings. Since there are no standards available for loudness measurement, the sound level for the same type of noise remains the simplest factor to reliably predict its impact on people regarding noise annoyance.

Assessing traffic noise in teh City of Sharjah using prediction models

2021 ◽  
Vol 263 (2) ◽  
pp. 4520-4525
Author(s):  
Hussein Elmehdi
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Acoustic Noise ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Residential Areas ◽  
Noise Levels ◽  
Mixed Composition ◽  
Sound Levels

Noise originated from traffic on inner-city roads has been recognized as a major issue that has negative effects that go beyond annoyance and adverse health effects on people living near such roads. In this paper, we report the results of employing mathematical models for assessing traffic noise levels near roads in the City of Sharjah, UAE. Our field measurements indicated high noise levels near inter-city roads including roads in residential areas. To further investigate this, measured noise levels arising from principle traffic noise parameters were re-examined using published mathematical models with the objective of validating the acoustic noise levels generated by traffic noise of mixed composition, traffic flow rate and distance from the source. The main sound levels, namely the statistical equivalent sound levels (Leq): L10, L50 and L90 were used in the mathematical predictive models, to calculate the day time sound levels and correlated it with in situ measurements. We have examined 10 linear regression models, reported in the literature, five of which were found to provide strong correlation and were validated for predicting noise arising from traffic. The models are recommended for calculating mixed traffic noise levels and its effects on people living near these inter-city roads.

Traffic Noise Model vs. Extreme Topography

2003 ◽  
Vol 1859 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-71
Author(s):  
Michael A. Staiano
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Severe Case ◽  
Sound Attenuation ◽  
Noise Model ◽  
Interstate Highway ◽  
Site Model ◽  
Sound Levels

Traffic noise exposures were measured at various locations adjacent to an Interstate highway and compared with sound levels predicted by the FHWA Traffic Noise Model (TNM). The prediction procedure underestimated the measured sound attenuation by 6 to 12 A-weighted decibels. Various TNM site model configurations were evaluated in an effort to improve agreement between measurements and predictions. For the site tested—a severe case with relatively distant receptors and extreme topography—variations in ground impedance (including a median ground zone) had little benefit or were counterproductive, while adding topographic detail via terrain lines helped somewhat. The best agreement resulted from the incorporation of a tree zone for the wooded site. However, this benefit is thought to be chance, because the site was not only relatively lightly wooded but also thinly foliaged at the time of the on-site measurements.

scholarly journals Automotive traffic noise and urban public spaces

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (72) ◽  
Author(s):  
Greicikelly Gaburro Paneto ◽  
Cristina Engel de Alvarez ◽  
Paulo Henrique Trombetta Zannin
Keyword(s):  
Urban Space ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Open Spaces ◽  
Sound Levels ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Sound Pressure Levels ◽  
High Sound

In contemporary cities, and usually without realizing it, the population has been exposed to high sound pressure levels, which besides causing discomfort, can lead to health problems. Considering that a large part of this noise comes from emission from motor vehicles, this research aims to evaluate the sound behavior in sound environments configured by voids in the urban fabric, in order to identify whether open spaces can act as attenuators of sound levels. To obtain the expected results, the methodology used was structured from a review of the state-of-the-art and computer simulations relating the variables that influence the formation of urban space and sound emission and propagation, taking as a case study an urban portion of the municipality of Vitória/ES. In parallel, questionnaires were applied to evaluate the user's perception of their exposure. The measurement results indicated that the sound pressure levels caused by traffic noise are above the limit tolerated limit by the NBR norm 10151:2000 for the daytime period. In turn, the results obtained from the population indicated that there is little perception of noise by the users of the spaces surveyed.

Field measurements in two tunnels in Edmonton, Alberta

1980 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Thomson ◽  
F. El-Nahhas
Keyword(s):  
Body Movement ◽  
Small Diameter ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Beam Theory ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Overburden Pressure ◽  
Pressure Cell ◽  
Horizontal Diameter ◽  
Overburden Thickness

Observations of the deformation of the temporary lining of two tunnels are presented. The Whitemud Creek tunnel was 6.05 m in diameter and was bored through Upper Cretaceous clay shale. The 170 Street tunnel was bored through till and had a diameter of 2.56 m.In the Whitemud Creek tunnel, the vertical diameter decreased by 10–15 mm and the horizontal diameter decreased by 6 mm. Movement was essentially complete in about 3 months. There was a rigid body movement upward of the lining system probably due to unloading of the soil in the invert area. Deformation moduli indicate a softening of the soil around the tunnel, which is consistent with the deformation observations. A finite-element analysis suggests that this softened zone is as important with regard to lining deformation as increasing K0 from 0.67 to 1.0In the 170 Street tunnel, the ground surface showed significant movement despite the small diameter and considerable overburden thickness. The vertical and horizontal diameter decreases were about one half of those of the Whitemud Creek tunnel and were essentially complete in 4–5 weeks. Soil pressures calculated from the observations showed a wide variation. Values derived from lagging deflection yielded a maximum of 63% of overburden pressure whereas pressure cell readings were 3.3% of overburden.It appears that the space between the lagging and the moled surface of the soil is an important factor affecting the magnitude of stresses in the temporary lining. Diameter changes are considered to be the easiest and most reliable observation of tunnel linings. The deflection of the lagging is also simple to observe but may not satisfy simple beam theory. Pressure cell results were disappointing and their use is debatable.

scholarly journals Green Façade Effects on Thermal Environment in Transitional Space: Field Measurement Studies and Computational Fluid Dynamics Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 5691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hankun Lin ◽  
Yiqiang Xiao ◽  
Florian Musso ◽  
Yao Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Computational Fluid Dynamics ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Urban Heat Islands ◽  
Transitional Space ◽  
Humid Climate ◽  
Dynamics Simulations

High-density urban development areas have several problems associated with them, such as the formation of urban heat islands, traffic noise, and air pollution. To minimize these problems, the green façades (GFs), which are used to guide climbing plants to grow vertically on building facade, are focused on by researchers and architects. This study focuses on GF application strategies and their optimizations for thermal comfort in a transitional space in a hot-humid climate. First, field measurements were collected from GF projects located in Guangzhou, China, in summer 2017. Second, a simulation method using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the thermal effects of the GF’s foliage. Finally, seven GF typologies and one unshaded comparison model were used for simulations in three scenarios with south, east, and west orientations and compared to evaluate the effects of GFs on the thermal environment of the transitional space. The results of field measurements reveal that the GF reduced average Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) by 2.54 °C, and that of CFD simulations reveal that three typologies of GFs are more effective in regulating the thermal environment in the summer. The results of this research provide support for further studies on the thermal effectiveness and design options of GFs for human comfort.

scholarly journals Accuracy of the Dynamic Acoustic Map in a Large City Generated by Fixed Monitoring Units

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Benocci ◽  
Chiara Confalonieri ◽  
Hector Eduardo Roman ◽  
Fabio Angelini ◽  
Giovanni Zambon
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Flow ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Traffic Noise ◽  
Large City ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Life Project ◽  
Noise Data ◽  
Comparable Accuracy ◽  
Monitoring Stations

DYNAMAP, a European Life project, aims at giving a real image of the noise generated by vehicular traffic in urban areas developing a dynamic acoustic map based on a limited number of low-cost permanent noise monitoring stations. The system has been implemented in two pilot areas located in the agglomeration of Milan (Italy) and along the Motorway A90 (Rome-Italy). The paper reports the final assessment of the system installed in the pilot area of Milan. Traffic noise data collected by the monitoring stations, each one representative of a number of roads (groups) sharing similar characteristics (e.g., daily traffic flow), are used to build-up a “real-time” noise map. In particular, we focused on the results of the testing campaign (21 sites distributed over the pilot area and 24 h duration of each recording). It allowed evaluating the accuracy and reliability of the system by comparing the predicted noise level of DYNAMAP with field measurements in randomly selected sites. To this end, a statistical analysis has been implemented to determine the error associated with such prediction, and to optimize the system by developing a correction procedure aimed at keeping the error below some acceptable threshold. The steps and the results of this procedure are given in detail. It is shown that it is possible to describe a complex road network on the basis of a statistical approach, complemented by empirical data, within a threshold of 3 dB provided that the traffic flow model achieves a comparable accuracy within each single groups of roads in the network.

scholarly journals Analysis of the Additional Stress and Ground Settlement Induced by the Construction of Double-O-Tube Shield Tunnels in Sandy Soils

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhao ◽  
Peng-jiao Jia ◽  
Lin Zhu ◽  
Cheng Cheng ◽  
Jianyong Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Surface ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Surface Settlement ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Underground Construction ◽  
Shield Tunneling ◽  
Engineering Project ◽  
Ground Surface Settlement ◽  
Potential Damage ◽  
Lateral Friction

Double-O-tube shield tunneling has attracted increasing attention because it offers cost-efficiency in underground construction. Prediction of ground surface settlement and the variety of additional stresses induced by shield construction is crucial to underground construction in metropolises since excessive settlement could trigger potential damage to the surrounding environment. The additional stresses induced by the propulsion of double-O-tube shields are calculated by means of the Mindlin’s equations of elasticity. The characteristics of additional stresses are analyzed with compound Gauss-Legendre integral arithmetic, and the frontal additional thrust, the lateral friction, and the ground loss are taken into account. Subsequently, based on field measurements, the maximum settlement coefficient and width of the settlement trough coefficient of the typical Peck formula are modified. The predictive curve of the Peck formula is closer to the engineering measured data than that of the typical formula. The cut-off functions of ground surface settlement caused by double-O-tube tunnel shield construction are proposed and can predict the shape of ground surface settlement, such as single peak or double peak. The correctness of the proposed functions is verified based on an engineering project.

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