CHANGES OF CYTOKINE PROFILE IN THE BLOOD OF PREGNANT WOMEN WITH ANEMIA

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of serum cytokines in different periods of pregnancy associated with anemia. 85 pregnant patients with anemia were examined. 46 of them were in their first pregnancy (1st group), and 39 (2nd group) patients were in their second or further pregnancy period. The comparison group consisted of 19 pregnant women without anemia. The level of hemoglobin and serum iron were determined by using colorimetric method, as well as the level of cytokines IL-2, IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. The results showed a significant decrease in hemoglobin and serum iron level in the blood of pregnant women with anemia, significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2 and IL-8, and a significant decrease in IL-10 compared with pregnant women without anemia were also detected. The most pronounced changes in the cytokine profile were observed in the third trimester and during second or futher pregnancy, which is caused by the progression of anemia.

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Influence of hepcidin on iron homeostasis during last trimester of gestation in Bos indicus (cattle)

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-3743 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

K. Rajamanickam ◽

M. Sameer Ali ◽

V. Leela

Keyword(s):

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Homeostasis ◽

Binding Capacity ◽

Colorimetric Method ◽

Maternal Serum ◽

Iron Bioavailability ◽

Iron Level ◽

Iron Binding ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Iron Binding Capacity

Hepcidin is an important hormone regulating the systemic iron bio-availability. Blood samples were collected from thirty pregnant cattle during their last trimester of pregnancy to assess the relation of hepcidin to iron homeostasis. Serum hepcidin level was quantified using ELISA and serum iron, transferrin iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding capacity were estimated by colorimetric method. Correlation between hepcidin and other iron related parameters was assessed. Dependency of serum iron level on hepcidin was also determined by regression method. It was revealed that hepcidin was negatively correlated to serum iron and transferrin iron binding capacity (p less than 0.001) and also hepcidin has highest predictive value on serum iron level and transferrin iron binding capacity (p less than 0.001). It can be concluded that during pregnancy increase in hepcidin reduces the maternal serum iron and also it is a biomarker for iron bioavailability to the developing fetus.

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Determination of Level of Serum Iron among Routine Iron Supplemented Pregnant Women Attending Private Clinic in Sulaimani City, Kurdistan-Iraq

Polytechnic Journal ◽

10.25156/ptj.v11n1y2021.pp76-79 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 76-79

Author(s):

Sardar M. Weli ◽

Osama H. Shareef ◽

Syamand A. Qadir

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Age Groups ◽

First Trimester ◽

Private Clinic ◽

Iron Level ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Questionnaire Form

Iron deficiency, with or without anemia, is common in pregnant women and more than half of the anemia’s in the world are due to the deficiency of iron in the serum. The aims of this study were to determine the percentage and level of serum iron among iron supplemented pregnant women in different trimesters and in different age groups among supplemented pregnant women in Sulaimani city. This study was carried out in the private clinic in the Sulaimani city-Kurdistan Region of Iraq. The pregnant women were participated and enrolled between the first of December 2018 and first of December 2019. Two hundred and seventy-five healthy and iron supplemented pregnant women were selected randomly and the questionnaire form, which contains information about age of mothers and their gestational age, was filled and serum iron level was measured by COBAS C111 analyzer. The results of this study found that the percentage of iron deficiency among participants was high 33%, 45%, and 52.6 % in the first trimester in different age groups <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. However, in the third trimesters decreased to 12.5%, 7.1%, and 3.7% in <25, 25–35, and above 35 years old, respectively. Regarding serum iron levels, the present study found that there were significant differences between ages 25 and 35 with age <25 years. However, there was no significant difference between first, second, and third trimesters. This study concludes that the percentage of iron deficiency among supplemented pregnant women was high compared to other cities or other countries. Pregnant women who their ages <25 are at risk of serum iron deficiency. On the other hand, pregnancy trimesters had no effects on the serum iron level among supplemented pregnant women.

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Correlation Between Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels and Serum Iron Levels in Stunted Children Living in Malaria-Endemic Areas

Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.3889/oamjms.2020.4090 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (E) ◽

pp. 318-321

Author(s):

Rostika Flora ◽

Mohammad Zulkarnain ◽

Nur Alam Fajar ◽

Achmad Fickry Faisa ◽

Nurlaily Nurlaily ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Pearson Correlation ◽

Simple Random Sampling ◽

Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor ◽

Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽

Iron Level ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Endemic Areas

BACKGROUND: Children who are living in malaria-endemic areas are highly vulnerable to malaria infections. The presence of malaria infection and low nutrient intake results in an increased incidence of stunting in children, especially those living in malaria-endemic areas. The stunting in children may reduce their cognitive functions. AIM: This study aims to analyze the correlation between brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels and serum iron in stunted children living in malaria-endemic areas. METHODS: The design of this research was a case–control study. The sample of this study was 60 elementary schoolchildren aged 9–12 years collected from five regencies in Bengkulu province. Among the samples, 30 of them were stunted and the remaining were non-stunted ones. The technique used to collect the samples was simple random sampling. Growth stunting was identified by calculating the Z-score of height-for-age (H/A). In addition, the whole blood of each research subject was drawn for the measurement of BDNF and serum iron levels. Serum BDNF level was measured using a method of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and serum iron level was measured using spectrophotometry. The characteristic data of the sample were collected from questionnaires. The obtained research data were then analyzed using the independent t-test and the Pearson correlation. RESULTS: The levels of BDNF and serum iron in stunted children were lower than those in non-stunted ones (3.38 ± 1.05 vs. 4.16 ± 0.41 μg/dL and 31.57 ± 9.88 vs. 52.99 ± 12.60 μg/dL). There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the mean level of BDNF and serum iron levels between stunted children and non-stunted ones. The results of the Pearson analysis on BDNF and serum iron levels indicated p = 0.000 and r = 0.454. CONCLUSION: There was a significant correlation between BDNF levels and serum iron levels in stunted children living in malaria-endemic areas.

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Author Correction: The U‑shaped association of serum iron level with disease severity in adult hospitalized patients with COVID‑19

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-96408-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Kentaro Tojo ◽

Yoh Sugawara ◽

Yasufumi Oi ◽

Fumihiro Ogawa ◽

Takuma Higurashi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Disease Severity ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Hospitalized Patients ◽

Iron Level ◽

Serum Iron Level

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ROLE OF SERUM IRON AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH ANEMIC PREVALANCE AMONG PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT TYPE OF CANCER

International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH ◽

10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5(se).2017.1965 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (5(SE)) ◽

pp. 37-41

Author(s):

Andrew Pradeep M ◽

Indira G ◽

Sethu Nagarajan R

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Physiological Activity ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Active Role ◽

Control Individual ◽

Iron Level ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Immune Effector ◽

Patients With Cancer

Cancer is a group of diseases in which cells are aggressive, invasive and sometimes metastatic. Nutritional status an important factor that contributes to immune competence for which trace minerals plays a crucial role in the biochemical and physiological activity of the system. Trace element a category of minerals essential for the biological system and plays an active role in immune effector mechanism. Normal range of iron essential for body metabolism, iron deficiencies leads to anemia which might complicate the event of tumor genesis. Study involved 50 volunteers (36 females, 14 males) of cancer patients of Mohan Nursing Home Madurai. Serum was collected in the informed consent of the patients. Serum iron level was quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Study documented percentage deviation of serum iron concentration (85%) with severe anemic prevalence from the control individual (without cancer) and also establish an association of iron deficiency with anemic prevalence. Study documented the existence of Iron deficiency which is the most common cause of anemia worldwide. Iron plays a role in oxygen transfer in cytochromes, protein molecules involved in the production of energy in cells and also exhibit certain properties to facilitate antitumor status. Study concludes that serum iron modulations need to be emphasized to minimize the burdenization of the host with Clinical associated complications of Iron deficiency among patients with cancer.

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The Potential Clinical Significance of the Serum Iron and Ferritin Status in Lung Cancer Patients

journal of nutritional oncology ◽

10.34175/jno202004006 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 189-195

Author(s):

Fei Fei Guo ◽

◽

Shi Jia Cheng ◽

Yi Ning Liu ◽

Jiu Wei Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Serum Ferritin ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Serum Ferritin Level ◽

Ferritin Level ◽

Stage Iv ◽

Iron Level ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Lung Cancer Patients

Background An increasing number of studies have shown that iron, one of the indispensable trace elements in the human body, is closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer. However, few studies have clearly demonstrated the role of the iron levels in lung cancer patients, or the potential effects of inflammation on iron levels. Methods The clinical data for lung cancer patients and non-lung cancer participants were retrospectively analyzed. The serum iron and ferritin levels were measured and compared using a rank-sum test. The correlation between the serum iron/ferritin and C-reactive protein (CRP) was analyzed by rank correlation. The cut-off values for continuous variables were obtained by the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method. An analysis of potential prognostic factors in lung cancer patients was conducted by univariate and multivariate survival analyses. Results The serum iron levels in patients with extensive small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) were lower than those with limited-stage SCLC, and the levels of serum ferritin and CRP in those with extensive SCLC were higher than those with limited-stage SCLC. Similarly, the serum iron levels in patients with stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were lower than those of patients with stage Ⅰ-Ⅲ disease, and the levels of serum ferritin and CRP in those with stage IV NSCLC were higher than those in stages Ⅰ-Ⅲ. The serum iron level was negatively correlated with the level of CRP, while the serum ferritin level was positively correlated with CRP. The stage of lung cancer, but not the serum iron/ ferritin level, was an independent prognostic factor in lung cancer patients. Conclusions The serum iron and ferritin levels are associated with the staging of lung cancer. The later stages of lung cancer are associated with a lower serum iron level, a higher serum ferritin level, and a higher CRP level. Inflammation may play an important role in regulating the serum iron and ferritin levels in lung cancer patients.

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Experimental Production of Pyridoxine Deficiency Anemia in Rats

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v23.5.679.679 ◽

1964 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 679-687 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

SHU CHU SHEN ◽

PETER Y. C. WONG ◽

MASSAO OGURO

Keyword(s):

Bone Marrow ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Normal Values ◽

Hypochromic Anemia ◽

Hemoglobin Level ◽

Deficiency Anemia ◽

Iron Level ◽

Experimental Production ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Pyridoxine Deficiency

Abstract Rats fed a diet deficient in pyridoxine all exhibited a severe microcytic hypochromic anemia after 40 to 50 weeks. This anemia responded promptly to pyridoxine administration. The myeloid:erythroid ratio in the bone marrow of the severely anemic rats was definitely increased, suggestive of hypoplasia of the erythroid series, after prolonged deprivation of pyridoxine. The ratio was markedly decreased shortly after the inception of pyridoxine treatment, indicating active erythropoiesis induced by therapy; the ratio subsequently returned toward normal when hemoglobin level improved. There was no evidence of accumulation of iron in the bone marrow. The serum iron level increased only slightly, to high-normal values in the anemic rats, but fell to low-normal level after the administration of pyridoxine.

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Serum Iron Level as a Potential Predictor of Coronavirus Disease 2019 Severity and Mortality: A Retrospective Study

Open Forum Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1093/ofid/ofaa250 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Kang Zhao ◽

Jucun Huang ◽

Dan Dai ◽

Yuwei Feng ◽

Liming Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Iron Deficiency ◽

Serum Iron ◽

Iron Status ◽

Iron Concentration ◽

Iron Level ◽

Serum Iron Level ◽

Amyloid A ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Before And After ◽

Low Serum

Abstract Background Various types of pulmonary diseases are associated with iron deficiency. However, information on iron status in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is scarce. Methods This study included 50 hospitalized patients with confirmed COVID-19. The role of serum iron in predicting severity and mortality of COVID-19 was evaluated. Results The most common symptoms of COVID-19 patients in this study were cough (82%), fever (64%), and chest distress (42%). Of the 50 patients, 45 (90%) patients had abnormally low serum iron levels (<7.8 μmol/L). The severity of COVID-19 was negatively correlated with serum iron levels before and after treatment and was positively correlated with C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase, urea nitrogen, and myoglobin levels. Decreased serum iron level could predict the transition of COVID-19 from mild to severe and critical illness. Seven (53.8%) patients with a lower serum iron level after treatment in the critical group had died. There was a significant difference in posttreatment serum iron levels between COVID-19 survivors and nonsurvivors. Conclusions Serum iron deficiency was detected in the patients with COVID-19. The severity and mortality of the disease was closely correlated with serum iron levels. Low serum iron concentration was an independent risk factor for death in COVID-19 patients.

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