scholarly journals PATMOS-x: Results from a Diurnally Corrected 30-yr Satellite Cloud Climatology

2013 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Foster ◽  
Andrew Heidinger
Keyword(s):  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Minimum Length ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Time Required ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Ice Water ◽  
Diurnal Correction ◽  
Very High ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract Satellite drift is a historical issue affecting the consistency of those few satellite records capable of being used for studies on climate time scales. Here, the authors address this issue for the Pathfinder Atmospheres Extended (PATMOS-x)/Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) cloudiness record, which spans three decades and 11 disparate sensors. A two-harmonic sinusoidal function is fit to a mean diurnal cycle of cloudiness derived over the course of the entire AVHRR record. The authors validate this function against measurements from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) sensors, finding good agreement, and then test the stability of the diurnal cycle over the course of the AVHRR record. It is found that the diurnal cycle is subject to some interannual variability over land but that the differences are somewhat offset when averaged over an entire day. The fit function is used to generate daily averaged time series of ice, water, and total cloudiness over the tropics, where it is found that the diurnal correction affects the magnitude and even the sign of long-term cloudiness trends. A statistical method is applied to determine the minimum length of time required to detect significant trends, and the authors find that only recently have they begun generating satellite records of sufficient length to detect trends in cloudiness.

scholarly journals Analysis and prognosis of bitter acids content in Czech hop varieties - year 2018 and long-term comparisons and trends

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Alexandr Mikyška ◽  
Marie Jurková
Keyword(s):  
Acid Content ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Final Evaluation ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Bitter Acid ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

This article presents the results of the harvest forecast of the alpha- and beta-bitter acids of the Czech hop varieties in the 2018 harvest, the results are discussed in relation to the long-term averages, the composition of the bitter acid analogs and the stability of the varietal characteristics. 180 hop samples were analyzed using EBC 7.7 (HPLC) method. The alpha-acid content of the most important Saaz variety (2.9% in dry matter) was identical to the 2017 harvest and 18% rel. lower than the 26-year average. The alpha-acid content of Sladek (5.0%), Premiant (4.8%), and Saaz Late (1.6%) varieties was significantly lower than the long-term average. The harvest of the hops of the Kazbek and Agnus varieties was close to the long-term average. The ratio of alpha- and beta-acids, the relative content of cohumulone and the relative content of colupulone were consistent with long-term averages for the tested varieties. It was confirmed, that the harvest forecast gives timely information on the alpha-acids content of the harvest, the results were in good agreement with the values of the final evaluation of all harvested hops samples.

scholarly journals The 2007–2011 evolution of tropical methane in the mid-troposphere as seen from space by MetOp-A/IASI

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 23731-23757 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Crevoisier ◽  
D. Nobileau ◽  
R. Armante ◽  
L. Crépeau ◽  
T. Machida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Cycle ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Tropical Precipitation ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Zero Growth ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Since July 2007, monthly averages of mid-tropospheric methane are retrieved in the Tropics over land and sea, by day and night, from IASI onboard MetOp-A, yielding a complete view of the geographical distribution, seasonality and long-term tendency of methane in the mid-troposphere. Retrieved methane displays a clear seasonal cycle of ~25 ppbv in the Northern Tropics, with a maximum in November and a minimum in April–May, a more complex cycle of ~15 ppbv in the Southern Tropics, and a south-to-north latitudinal variation of ~30 ppbv, in good agreement with regular aircraft measurements of the CONTRAIL program. Comparisons with CARIBIC aircraft measurements made at ~11 km yield an averaged difference between collocated IASI estimates and CARIBIC measurements of 7.2 ppbv with a standard deviation of 13.1 ppbv, and show that IASI captures well the evolution of mid-tropospheric methane. In particular, in 2007 and 2008, IASI shows an increase of mid-tropospheric methane in the tropical region of 9.5 ± 2.8 and 6.3 ± 1.7 ppbv yr−1 respectively, in excellent agreement with the rate of increase measured at the surface after almost a decade of near-zero growth. IASI also indicates a slowing down of this increase in the following years to ~2 ppbv yr−1, with the highest increase in 2010. Assuming that the recent evolution of methane is mostly due to an increase in surface emissions, IASI might indicate a decrease in tropical wetland emissions for the period 2009–2011, in agreement with decreasing tropical precipitation over this period, together with an increase in biomass burning emissions in 2010 in the Southern Tropics.

scholarly journals Analysis and prognosis of bitter acids content in Czech hop varieties – year 2020 and long-term comparisons and trends

2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-483
Author(s):  
Alexandr Mikyška ◽  
Klára Belešová ◽  
Jana Tichá
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Relative Content ◽  
Bitter Acids ◽  
Important Variety ◽  
Long Term Trends ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Given ◽  
Good Agreement

The article deals with the harvest forecast of the content of bitter acids in Czech hop varieties harvested in 2020. This is presented in the context of long-term trends in the content and composition of bitter acids analogues and the stability of the varietal characteristics in the aforementioned harvest. This analysis is usually available at the end of the calendar year. 180 hop samples were analysed using EBC 7.7 (HPLC) method. The α-acids content in the most important variety of Saaz (3.65% in dry matter) was 12.8% rel. higher than in the 2019 harvest and 4.2% rel. higher than the 28-year average. The α-acids content in Saaz Late (3.23%), Sladek (7.9%), Kazbek (6.4%) and Agnus (12.4%) was significantly higher than both the long-term averages for the varieties and the harvest of 2019. The Premiant (8.0%) variety was close to the long-term average. The ratio of α-/β-acids, the relative content of cohumulone and the relative content of colupulone were consistent with long-term averages of the tested varieties. It was confirmed that the harvest forecast provides timely information on the α-acids content of the given harvest, the results being in good agreement with the values of the final evaluation of all harvested hops.

scholarly journals Uji Beban Timbunan yang Diperkuat dengan Sistem Pelat Terpaku pada Tanah Gambut

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
Aazokhi Waruwu ◽  
Hary Christady Hardiyatmo ◽  
Ahmad Rifa’i
Keyword(s):  
Peat Soil ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Peat Soils ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Embankment Load ◽  
Settlement Changes ◽  
Pile Length ◽  
Very High

One of the problems with peat soils, when subjected to imposed loads of construction, is the very high compression and long-term excessive settlement. The embankment can be built on peat soil, but it needs reinforcement that can contribute to increasing the stability of the embankment. The nailed slab system, as reinforcement, is expected to reduce settlement and increase the stability of peat soil. The aim of this paper is to study the effect of pile length and distance on the reduction of settlement in both monolithic and non-monolithic piles. The embankment load test was conducted on 70 cm x 120 cm plates, which were reinforced pile with different lengths and distances in the peat soil layer. The analysis was conducted on the reduction settlement of monolithic and non-monolith pile. The results showed that the length and distance of the pile had an effect on the reduction settlement. Changes in pile length are more dominant reducing settlement compared to changes in pile distance. Pile connection with slab has a significant effect on different lengths of piles than different distances piles.

Historic Buildings: Long Term Stability Evaluation Using Wireless Sensor Networks

2010 ◽  
Vol 133-134 ◽  
pp. 235-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hua Yong Wu ◽  
Daniele Zonta ◽  
Matteo Pozzi ◽  
Paolo Zanon ◽  
Michele Corrà
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Nodes ◽  
Ambient Vibration ◽  
Wireless Sensor ◽  
Historic Buildings ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
System Maintenance ◽  
Structural Parts ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Good Agreement

An automatic diagnostic monitoring system can guarantee the safety and integrity of a historic building. In this paper, we describe the long term application of a wireless sensor network (WSN) for permanent health monitoring in the Torre Aquila, a historic tower in Trento, Italy. The system consists of accelerometers, thermometers and fiber optic sensors (FOS) with customized wireless modules and dedicated software designed for wireless communication. The whole system was completed and started operation in September 2008, and data from the various sensor nodes are collected continuously, save during periods of system maintenance and update. Based on the first 1.5 years of operation in assessing the stability of the tower, the WSN is seen to be an effective tool. Modal analysis indicates that the tower has two independent structural parts. A comparison between the acquired long term deformation measurements and simulated numerical results shows good agreement. Monitoring of ambient vibration suggests that such vibration is not now a source of concern for the stability of the tower.

scholarly journals The 2007–2011 evolution of tropical methane in the mid-troposphere as seen from space by MetOp-A/IASI

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 4279-4289 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Crevoisier ◽  
D. Nobileau ◽  
R. Armante ◽  
L. Crépeau ◽  
T. Machida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Aircraft Measurements ◽  
Tropical Precipitation ◽  
Slowing Down ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Zero Growth ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Good Agreement

Abstract. Since July 2007, monthly averages of mid-tropospheric methane have been retrieved in the tropics over land and sea, by day and night, from IASI onboard MetOp-A, yielding a complete view of the geographical distribution, seasonality and long-term tendency of methane in the mid-troposphere. Retrieved methane displays a clear seasonal cycle of ~25 ppbv in the northern tropics, with a maximum in November and a minimum in April–May, a more complex cycle of ~15 ppbv in the southern tropics, and a south-to-north latitudinal variation of ~30 ppbv – in good agreement with regular aircraft measurements of the CONTRAIL program. Comparisons with CARIBIC aircraft measurements made at ~11 km yield an averaged difference between collocated IASI estimates and CARIBIC measurements of 7.2 ppbv with a standard deviation of 13.1 ppbv. Comparisons with aircraft measurements made above 6 km during five HIPPO campaigns give an averaged difference between collocated IASI estimates and HIPPO measurements of 5.1 ppbv with a standard deviation of 16.3 ppbv. These comparisons show that IASI captures well the evolution of mid-tropospheric methane. In particular, in 2007 and 2008, IASI shows an increase of mid-tropospheric methane in the tropical region of 9.5 ± 2.8 and 6.3 ± 1.7 ppbv yr−1, respectively – in excellent agreement with the rate of increase measured at the surface after almost a decade of near-zero growth. IASI also indicates a slowing down of this increase in the following years to ~2 ppbv yr−1, with the highest increase in 2010. Assuming that the recent evolution of methane is mostly due to an increase in surface emissions, IASI might indicate a decrease in tropical wetland emissions for the period 2009–2011 compared to 2007–2008, in agreement with decreasing tropical precipitation over this period, together with an increase in biomass burning emissions in 2010 in the southern tropics.

Dislocation structures around SiO2 Particles in aged Cu-Cr-SiO2

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 594-595
Author(s):  
N.J. Long ◽  
M.H. Loretto ◽  
C.H. Lloyd
Keyword(s):  
Flow Stress ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Thin Foil ◽  
Age Hardening ◽  
Dispersion Strengthening ◽  
Accurate Picture ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Very High ◽  
Good Agreement

IntroductionThere have been several t.e.m. studies (1,2,3,4) of the dislocation arrangements in the matrix and around the particles in dispersion strengthened single crystals deformed in single slip. Good agreement has been obtained in general between the observed structures and the various theories for the flow stress and work hardening of this class of alloy. There has been though some difficulty in obtaining an accurate picture of these arrangements in the case when the obstacles are large (of the order of several 1000's Å). This is due to both the physical loss of dislocations from the thin foil in its preparation and to rearrangement of the structure on unloading and standing at room temperature under the influence of the very high localised stresses in the vicinity of the particles (2,3).This contribution presents part of a study of the Cu-Cr-SiO2 system where age hardening from the Cu-Cr and dispersion strengthening from Cu-Sio2 is combined.

The Stability of the WHO Reference Thromboplastin NIBS & C 67/40

1979 ◽  
Vol 42 (04) ◽  
pp. 1135-1140 ◽  
Author(s):  
G I C Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Calibration Constant ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Freeze Dried ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Human Material ◽  
Reference Preparation ◽  
The Stability

SummaryThe International Reference Preparation of human brain thromboplastin coded 67/40 has been thought to show evidence of instability. The evidence is discussed and is not thought to be strong; but it is suggested that it would be wise to replace 67/40 with a new preparation of human brain, both for this reason and because 67/40 is in a form (like Thrombotest) in which few workers seem to use human brain. A �plain� preparation would be more appropriate; and a freeze-dried sample of BCT is recommended as the successor preparation. The opportunity should be taken also to replace the corresponding ox and rabbit preparations. In the collaborative study which would be required it would then be desirable to test in parallel the three old and the three new preparations. The relative sensitivities of the old preparations could be compared with those found in earlier studies to obtain further evidence on the stability of 67/40; if stability were confirmed, the new preparations should be calibrated against it, but if not, the new human material should receive a calibration constant of 1.0 and the new ox and rabbit materials calibrated against that.The types of evidence available for monitoring the long-term stability of a thromboplastin are discussed.

Application of the method of mathematical modeling for forecasting channel deformations at the underwater crossing of the main pipeline

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Valery А. Gruzdev ◽  
◽  
Georgy V. Mosolov ◽  
Ekaterina A. Sabayda ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Roughness Coefficient ◽  
Computational Domain ◽  
Channel Deformations ◽  
Geological Surveys ◽  
Kuban River ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Protective Structures

In order to determine the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling for making long-term forecasts of channel deformations of trunk line underwater crossing (TLUC) through water obstacles, a methodology for performing and analyzing the results of mathematical modeling of channel deformations in the TLUC zone across the Kuban River is considered. Within the framework of the work, the following tasks were solved: 1) the format and composition of the initial data necessary for mathematical modeling were determined; 2) the procedure for assigning the boundaries of the computational domain of the model was considered, the computational domain was broken down into the computational grid, the zoning of the computational domain was performed by the value of the roughness coefficient; 3) the analysis of the results of modeling the water flow was carried out without taking the bottom deformations into account, as well as modeling the bottom deformations, the specifics of the verification and calibration calculations were determined to build a reliable mathematical model; 4) considered the possibility of using the method of mathematical modeling to check the stability of the bottom in the area of TLUC in the presence of man-made dumping or protective structure. It has been established that modeling the flow hydraulics and structure of currents, making short-term forecasts of local high-altitude reshaping of the bottom, determining the tendencies of erosion and accumulation of sediments upstream and downstream of protective structures are applicable for predicting channel deformations in the zone of the TLUC. In all these cases, it is mandatory to have materials from engineering-hydro-meteorological and engineering-geological surveys in an amount sufficient to compile a reliable mathematical model.

Influence of internal and external risks on sustainability of financial system of Аltai krai

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 133-136
Author(s):  
R. N. Ibragimov
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Management Strategy ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Risk Management Strategy ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

The article examines the impact of internal and external risks on the stability of the financial system of the Altai Territory. Classification of internal and external risks of decline, affecting the sustainable development of the financial system, is presented. A risk management strategy is proposed that will allow monitoring of risks, thereby these measures will help reduce the loss of financial stability and ensure the long-term development of the economy of the region.

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