scholarly journals The effect of spatial configuration on social interaction: a syntactic evaluation of a faculty building

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 83-92
Author(s):  
Suheyla Buyuksahin Siramkaya ◽  
Dicle Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Human Needs

The properties of physical environment affect the psychological processes of the individuals and groups using that environment and their socialization with their environment. Every physical environment includes the existence of a social environment and every social environment includes the existence of a physical environment; because socialization is one of the basic human needs. The fulfillment of this basic requirement is possible when the spaces are designed in a way to have properties giving opportunities to social interaction. Among education spaces faculty buildings are social environments giving opportunity to young people to socialize, share interests, have relation with each other, develop the relationship within groups and belonging feelings. Social behaviors, social interactions and gathering areas of students in faculty buildings are important issues from the point of architectural programming and architectural design performance. This study is depended on the evaluation of social environments in faculty buildings considering the students’ social interactions upon the selected faculty building. In the scope of this evaluation long term observations directed at the determination of students social interactions and gathering areas will be done, the plan of the building will be analyzed through Syntax 2D and as a result the effect of the spatial configuration on social interaction will be evaluated. Keywords: Space syntax, environment-human behaviour, spatial configuration, social interaction, faculty buildings.    

scholarly journals Dominance relationships and coalitionary aggression against conspecifics in female carrion crows

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedikt Holtmann ◽  
Julia Buskas ◽  
Matthew Steele ◽  
Kristaps Solokovskis ◽  
Jochen B. W. Wolf
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Rank ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
The Third ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Dominant Individual ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Cooperation is a prevailing feature of many animal systems. Coalitionary aggression, where a group of individuals engages in coordinated behaviour to the detriment of conspecific targets, is a form of cooperation involving complex social interactions. To date, evidence has been dominated by studies in humans and other primates with a clear bias towards studies of male-male coalitions. We here characterize coalitionary aggression behaviour in a group of female carrion crows consisting of recruitment, coordinated chase, and attack. The individual of highest social rank liaised with the second most dominant individual to engage in coordinated chase and attack of a lower ranked crow on several occasions. Despite active intervention by the third most highly ranked individual opposing the offenders, the attack finally resulted in the death of the victim. All individuals were unrelated, of the same sex, and naïve to the behaviour excluding kinship, reproduction, and social learning as possible drivers. Instead, the coalition may reflect a strategy of the dominant individual to secure long-term social benefits. Overall, the study provides evidence that members of the crow family engage in coordinated alliances directed against conspecifics as a possible means to manipulate their social environment.

Attachment to the Physical Dimension of Places

2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1177-1182 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Carmen Hidalgo ◽  
Bernardo Hernández
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Social Aspect ◽  
Strong Emphasis ◽  
The Social ◽  
Previous Contact

Social relationships had been important in explanation and prediction of attachment to places. Although some have asserted the importance of physical aspects of the environment in the formation of attachment ties to a place, the social environment is required for the formation of bonds to a place, although strong emphasis on the social aspect has been questioned and the importance of the physical environment noted. The present objective in two studies was to test whether college students ( ns = 30 and 27) show a preference for a place they know, independently of the social interactions developed in them. Results confirmed the hypothesis, i.e., after a very brief stay in a certain place with nobody else there, these college students preferred that place to another with which they had not had previous contact.

Comparative Study of the Social Interactions of Two Differently Designed Long-Term Care Facilities for Individuals With Acquired Brain Injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 84-98
Author(s):  
David Brodsky ◽  
Mardelle McCuskey Shepley
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Built Environment ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Acquired Brain Injury ◽  
Behavioral Observation ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Impact

Aim: This study focused on long-term care (LTC) settings for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI). The goals were (1) to assess the impact of facility configuration on social interactions between residents and staff and (2) obtain a better understanding of staff and resident perceptions of the built environment. Background: A few studies have explored the relationship between the built environment and social interaction in LTC facilities, but there is little empirical data about ABI-specific LTC facilities. Methods: A literature review was conducted on the impact of the built environment on the LTC of brain injury survivors. Via a questionnaire, staff and residents in two settings, one with patient rooms off corridors and the other with patient rooms surrounding a common space, rated the effectiveness of the built environment in promoting social interaction. Behavioral observation was conducted on 18 residents for a duration of 4 hr per resident. Results: Via questionnaires, staff rated the corridor facility as more effective in promoting social interaction, but no significant differences were found between the assessments of the two resident populations. Contrary to staff questionnaire results, residents in the open configuration facility exhibited more social behaviors. Conclusions: Building configuration may impact social interaction between staff and residents in ABI-specific LTC facilities and potentially impact staff and resident quality of life. However, configuration cannot be viewed in a vacuum; residents’ physical and mental limitations, demographic information, and staff engagement must be also considered.

Happiness and Social Behavior

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1111-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Quoidbach ◽  
Maxime Taquet ◽  
Martin Desseilles ◽  
Yves-Alexandre de Montjoye ◽  
James J. Gross
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotion ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Social Partner

It is often assumed that there is a robust positive symmetrical relationship between happiness and social behavior: Social relationships are viewed as essential to happiness, and happiness is thought to foster social relationships. However, empirical support for this widely held view is surprisingly mixed, and this view does little to clarify which social partner a person will be motivated to interact with when happy. To address these issues, we monitored the happiness and social interactions of more than 30,000 people for a month. We found that patterns of social interaction followed the hedonic-flexibility principle, whereby people tend to engage in happiness-enhancing social relationships when they feel bad and sustain happiness-decreasing periods of solitude and less pleasant types of social relationships that might promise long-term payoff when they feel good. These findings demonstrate that links between happiness and social behavior are more complex than often assumed in the positive-emotion literature.

scholarly journals Suicide in the military environment

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milanko Cabarkapa ◽  
Milivoj Panic
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Psychological Effect ◽  
Military Duty ◽  
Military Unit ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Military

Suicide of soldiers has its own specifics, because not only it represents the tragedy for the individuals and their family, but also has great psychological effect on social environment and military unit in which it occurs. Suicide can be caused by variety of factors, as reported in the literature. The case reviewed in this article presents multilateral determination of suicide, with particular stress on the character of each individual and social interaction of soldiers. Psychological complex of basic inferiority, low educational level, family problems, and poor integration into military unit could be considered the leading determinants of this suicide. This emphasizes the importance of certain preventive measures such as more rigorous psychological selection for specific military duty, and the education of non-commissioned officers for better recognition and understanding of pre-suicidal syndrome.

Influence of season and social environment on basal and thyrotropin releasing hormone-induced prolactin secretion in the adult domestic boar

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 277-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. L. Trudeau ◽  
D. F. M. van de Wiel ◽  
J. Erkens ◽  
L. M. Sanford
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Group ◽  
Prolactin Secretion ◽  
Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Serial Blood Sampling ◽  
Response Peak ◽  
Solid Walls

Abstract. Basal and TRH-induced PRL secretions were investigated for adult Landrace boars housed in two social environments. Socially nonrestricted boars (N = 4) were individually penned adjacent to ovariectomized gilts that were hormonally induced into estrus every 3 weeks, while socially restricted boars (N =4) were individually kept in pens with solid walls. In February, May and August all boars were fitted with jugular catheters for serial blood sampling which took place 2 h prior to and 4 h following in iv injection of TRH (1 μg/kg). Mean pre-injection serum PRL concentration was not influenced by either month or social environment. The PRL response to TRH injection, however, was influenced by both factors. The magnitude of the PRL response (peak Δ value) increased (month, P < 0.01) progressively in both groups of boars from February through August and was greater (P < 0.05) in the nonrestricted versus the restricted boars in August. The total amount of PRL secreted was also maximal and greater in the socially nonrestricted boars in August (month × social group, P < 0.05). These results indicate that TRH-induced and not basal PRL secretion is influenced by both season and social interaction of boars.

scholarly journals Housing Human Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Saskia Simpson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Human Psyche

<p>An ever-increasing population calls for more housing at higher densities. New Zealand is struggling to keep up with the demand for housing, and consequently, the country is experiencing a housing crisis. In addressing this demand, developer-led projects are becoming more frequent. However, the focus of developer-led construction is often on costs and profits, not its future occupants’ well-being. Many studies have shown that the physical environment, especially the quality of housing, affects the human psyche. New Zealand’s current situation offers the opportunity to alter the way housing is designed to benefit society. This design-led research portfolio informs architects and designers of human psychological needs and the importance of facilitating them through the design of housing. The study develops a framework based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs, which assists architects and designers in creating housing at higher densities, more holistically. Finally, the introduction of a specific site allows the framework to be tested and evaluated through an iterative process of architectural design in an appropriate situation; Christchurch, New Zealand.</p>

scholarly journals Housing Human Needs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Saskia Simpson
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Iterative Process ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Psychological Needs ◽  
Housing Crisis ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Human Psyche

<p>An ever-increasing population calls for more housing at higher densities. New Zealand is struggling to keep up with the demand for housing, and consequently, the country is experiencing a housing crisis. In addressing this demand, developer-led projects are becoming more frequent. However, the focus of developer-led construction is often on costs and profits, not its future occupants’ well-being. Many studies have shown that the physical environment, especially the quality of housing, affects the human psyche. New Zealand’s current situation offers the opportunity to alter the way housing is designed to benefit society. This design-led research portfolio informs architects and designers of human psychological needs and the importance of facilitating them through the design of housing. The study develops a framework based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Human Needs, which assists architects and designers in creating housing at higher densities, more holistically. Finally, the introduction of a specific site allows the framework to be tested and evaluated through an iterative process of architectural design in an appropriate situation; Christchurch, New Zealand.</p>

Neural Implementation of Bayesian mechanisms underlying the continous trade-off between cooperation and competition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Andrea Pisauro ◽  
Elsa Fouragnan ◽  
Desislava Arabadzhiyska ◽  
Matthew A J Apps ◽  
Marios G Philiastides
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
Social Preferences ◽  
Computational Modelling ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Social Orientation ◽  
Social Environments ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Cooperation And Competition ◽  
The Social

Social interactions are not all or nothing. In some moments we are highly competitive, in others we are very cooperative, but sometimes we are somewhere in between and we constantly adjust our social orientation over time. Such a continuous spectrum of social approaches depends on both the actions favoured by the social environment and those of conspecifics. However, research examining strategic social interactions typically uses binary choices and therefore cannot consider how people shift their behaviour along a cooperation-competition continuum. Here, we use a novel economic game – the Space Dilemma – in which two players make a choice of a spatial location to indicate their degree of cooperativeness on each trial. Participants played the game across different social environments allowing us to compare their behaviour and neural responses in cooperative and competitive contexts. Using computational modelling and fMRI we show that social environments, social biases and inferences about others’ intentions shape people’s decisions about their degree of cooperativeness, in a manner consistent with a Bayesian learning model. We show that sub-regions of the brain previously linked to social cognition, including the Temporo-Parietal Junction (TPJ), dorso-medial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) and the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACCg), signalled features of the Bayesian model. This included context independent surprise signals in the TPJ, context dependent signals in ACCg and dmPFC when monitoring others’ changes in competitiveness, as well as signals guiding shifts along the cooperation-competition continuum in posterior dMPFC. These results highlight how the social environment, one’s own and others’ social preferences all contribute to guide the continuous trade-off between cooperation and competition.

TIME ALLOCATION, THE DYNAMICS OF INTERACTION, AND TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (06) ◽  
pp. 2150-2190
Author(s):  
Orlando Gomes
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Time Allocation ◽  
Optimal Growth ◽  
Human Interaction ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Growth Problem

Inspired by recent literature that approaches the dissemination of knowledge from a social interaction perspective, the article explores the dynamics of a prototypical optimal control growth problem structured upon the following features: (i) the model economy is populated by a large number of rational agents; (ii) each agent allocates time, optimally, among production and social interaction; (iii) knowledge spreads through the contact with others; (iv) the propagation of ideas follows two steps—in a first stage, interaction promotes the acquisition of theoretical knowledge and, in a second stage, it works as a catalyst for the successful implementation of the theory to practical productive uses; (v) interaction contributes not only to the diffusion of a given state of technical knowledge—it fosters, as well, the growth of ideas and techniques. The model allows for the endogenous determination of optimal trajectories concerning the allocation of time and the intensity of interaction; moreover, a long-term endogenous growth rate for the economy is derived, with optimal growth being essentially driven by the state of techniques and by the forces that shape the human interaction process.

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