GROWTH AND EXPRESSION PATTERN OF GROWTH-RELATED GENES IN THE FAST-GROWING GIANT GOURAMI Osphronemus goramy

Growth improvement of the giant gourami through molecular assisted selection offers a breakthrough solution regarding the slow growth problem in culturing the fish species. However, gene molecular expression studies and gene mapping information are scarce for this species. This study aimed to evaluate the growth, expression of the growth-related genes and compare the gene expressions between fast-growing (FG) and slow-growing (SG) fish. The polymorphism screenings were also conducted within the GH sequence of the FG and SG populations. Fish growth was analyzed by measuring length and weight once a month. The expression levels of GH, IGF1, AMPK, ARS-I, ALT, and AST genes were analyzed using real-time PCR. Twenty-five days old fish were reared for 30 days. The fish were continuously reared separately based on their body weight (BW) for 85 days until reaching 140 days old. At the end of the rearing period, the BW growth rate of the FG population was 1.569-fold higher, and body length (BL) growth was 1.056-fold higher than the SG population. FG fish have higher gene expression than the SG fish, indicating the important role of gene expression in fish growth. The polymorphisms screening within the GH sequences showed no significant difference between FG and SG fish of giant gourami. These research results provide valuable information in developing the marker-assisted selection for growth traits in giant gourami.

Towards Explaining Knowledge Hiding through Relationship Conflict, Frustration, and Irritability: The Case of Public Sector Teaching Hospitals

Organizations grow and excel with knowledge sharing; on the other hand, knowledge hiding is a negative behavior that impedes innovation, growth, problem solving, and timely correct decision making in organizations. It becomes more critical in the case of teaching hospitals, where, besides patient care, medical students are taught and trained. We assume that negative emotions lead employees to hide explicit knowledge, and in the same vein, this study has attempted to explain the hiding of explicit knowledge in the presence of relational conflicts, frustration, and irritability. We collected data from 290 employees of a public sector healthcare organization on adopted scales to test conjectured relationships among selected variables. Statistical treatments were applied to determine the quality of the data and inferential statistics were used to test hypotheses. The findings reveal that relationship conflicts positively affect knowledge hiding, and frustration partially mediates the relationship between relationship conflicts and knowledge hiding. Irritability moderates the relationship between relationship conflicts and frustration. The findings have both theoretical and empirical implications. Theoretically, the study tests a novel combination of variables, and adds details regarding the intensity of their relationships to the existing body of literature. Practically, the study guides hospital administrators in managing knowledge hiding, and informs on how to maintain it at the lowest possible level.

EXPLORING THE IMPACT OF ECONOMIC GROWTH AND INFLATION RATE ON UNEMPLOYMENT IN INDIA

In India, it has been observed that after the Economic Reforms of 1991, the participation of labor force has increased marginally but the rate of unemployment has remained unchanged which still remains a matter of concern. On the other hand, India has faced the issue of persistent rise in prices which is another major problem. As both these parameters are vital measures of economic growth, this paper attempts to find the correlation between both these variables in the Indian context from the year 1991 to 2019. A. W. Phillips in his theory states that inflation and unemployment have a stable and inverse relationship. The major claim of the theory is that with economic growth comes inflation, which in turn should lead to more jobs and less unemployment. On the basis of Phillips Curve this paper attempts to analyze the effect of economic growth and Inflation on unemployment in India during the time period of 1991 to 2020. The observational findings revealed a negligible association between unemployment, inflation and economic growth in India. KEY WORDS: employment, inflation, economic, growth, problem

Pastel Tutup Daging Ayam dan Daun Kelor sebagai Pemberian Makanan Tambahan Balita Stunting di Puskesmas Dinoyo Kota Malang: Kajian Nilai Gizi, Mutu Protein dan Daya Terima

<p><em>Stunting</em><em> is a growth problem caused by insufficient intake of nutrients for a long time.</em> <em>Casserole as supplementary feeding expected to be able handle stunting. Objective of this study was to examine the characteristics of the nutritional fact, protein quality and acceptance of casserole</em><em> using Completely Randomized Design<strong>. </strong>There were 15 semi-trained panelists involved in the organoleptic tests. There were 5 stunted toddlers as the result of purposive sampling that tested to the acceptance of casserole as supplementary feeding. The research was conducted at the Dinoyo Puskesmas, Ketawanggede Village, Malang City, from 15 to 21 September 2020. The parameters were organoleptic test, best treatment, nutritional fact and acceptability<strong>. </strong>The data were analyzed with Microsoft Office Excel 2007. The treatments were P1 (95% chicken and 5% Moringa oleifera) and P2 (85% chicken and 15% Moringa oleifera). The results of the test organoleptic hedonic showed that P1 and P2 had a faded yellow color, the taste of P1 was savory and P2 was very tasty, the aromas of P1 and P2 were less pleasant and unpleasant, the textures of P1 and P2 were rather soft and tender. The hedonic organoleptic test results showed the color, taste, aroma and texture P1 and P2 in the average of panelists like. The conclusion the average acceptance of casserole as supplementary feeding is 65% due to the taste and texture that is less liked the toddlers.</em></p>

Relationship between B40 Household Income and Demographic Factors in Malaysia

Income inequality has become a major economic growth problem faced by most countries in the world. The income gap that exists between the rich and the poor grows wider every year. The Malaysian government have set up multiple economic policies and provided various aids that focuses on improving the B40's economic situation and reduce the income gap that exist amongst them. Data for this study are obtained from the Household Income Survey (HIS). This study makes the comparison on the range and average of income amongst the B40 household income of each state in Malaysia. This comparison analyses the income gap that exist amongst the local households. Income inequalities amongst B40 households are prominent in Selangor, which recorded a huge income gap amongst the households. Kelantan has the lowest maximum and average income value amongst B40 from all states. The demographic factors that have significant impacts on the distribution of income amongst the B40 population in Malaysia was analysed using regression models. Residential area, levels of academic studies and working status of the head of household are the factors that effects B40 populations in Malaysia.

Investigating relationships among coping, personal growth, and life satisfaction among individuals with physical disabilities

Background: It is well-documented that active coping strategies can lead to better positive adjustment and psycho-social outcomes among individuals with disabilities and illnesses. However, little information exists related to exploring how coping is related to health benefits such as personal growth and life satisfaction in an international context. Thus, this study examined how the use of coping strategies is associated with personal growth and life satisfaction among individuals with physical disabilities in non-Western settings. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we employed a nonprobability methodology, purposivesampling, to recruit 351 participants who adults over the age of 18 living with a physicaldisability and currently enrolled in the Korean Disability Association. A hierarchical linearregression analysis was conducted to determine which types of coping strategies predictedpersonal growth and life satisfaction, while controlling for the effects of the demographicvariables (i.e., gender and age). Results: With regard to personal growth, problem-solving coping strategy (β = 0.663, P < 0.001,95% CI [0.51, 0.70]) was the strongest predictor, followed by avoidance coping strategy(β = -0.263, P < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.37, -0.20]). As for life satisfaction, problem-solving copingstrategy (β = 0.268, P < 0.001, 95% CI [0.18, 0.70]) was the strongest predictor, followed bysocial support seeking coping strategy (β = 0.264, P < 0.001, 95% CI [-0.19, 0.10]). Conclusion: Our study suggests that problem-focused and social support coping strategies playimportant roles in improving the personal growth and life satisfaction among Korean individualswith physical disabilities. This study provides implications for health professionals seeking waysto facilitate the personal growth and enhance the life satisfaction of individuals with physicaldisabilities.

Measures of Linear and Nonlinear Interval-Valued Hexagonal Fuzzy Number

In the view of significant exposure of multifarious interval-valued fuzzy numbers in neoteric studies, different measures of interval-valued generalized hexagonal fuzzy numbers (IVGHFN) associated with assorted membership functions (MF) are explored in this article. Considering the symmetricity and asymmetricity of the hexagonal fuzzy structures, the idea of MF is generalized a bit more, to nonlinear membership functions. The construction of level sets, accordingly for each case of linear and nonlinear MF are also carried out. In addition, the concepts of generalized Hukuhara (gH) differentiability for the interval-valued generalized hexagonal fuzzy functions (IVGHFF) are also the main features of this framework. Illustratively, the developed intellects are implemented on a logistic population growth problem, by taking ecological functions as IVGHFFs. For the further numerical demonstrations of the model, artificial neural network with simulated annealing (ANNSA) algorithm is utilized.