scholarly journals Antibacterial Activity of the Red Algae Eucheuma cottonii Extract from Tanjung Coast, Sumenep Madura

ALCHEMY ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zulli Andriani ◽  
Ahmad Ghanaim Fasya ◽  
Ahmad Hanapi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Red Algae ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Eucheuma Cottonii

<p align="center"><strong>Abstract</strong></p><p>Red alge <em>Euchema cottonii</em> is one of the biological source that has benefits. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of antibacterial red algae <em>Eucheuma cottonii</em> extract<em>. </em>Isolation of active compounds was performed by maceration method using methanol. The methanol extract was hydrolyzed using HCl 2 N and partitioned by ethyl acetate, chloroform, petroleum ether and <em>n</em>-hexane solvents. The antibacterial assessment was determined using disc diffusion method againts bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus </em>and <em>Escherichia coli</em>. Identification of active compound was conducted by reagents test. The results showed that the best solvent to extract algae was methanol with 20.7% rendemen. The methanol extract 4% gives the highest inhibition at concentrations was 7.85 mm; followed by <em>n</em>-hexane and chloroform were 1.0 and 0.6 mm. However, bath ethyl acetate and petroleum ether extract depicted no inhibition zone. The identification test showed the presence of flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids and alkaloids in the methanol extract. The extract of n-hexane contained triterpenoids and alkaloids, while the chloroform extract contained flavonoids, triterpenoids and alkaloids.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Keyword</strong><strong>s</strong>:  <em>Euchema cottonii</em>, antibacterial, disc diffusion<em></em></p>

scholarly journals Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol dan Fraksi Daun Kenikir (Cosmos caudatus Kunth) terhadap Salmonella typhi

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 177
Author(s):  
Achmad Syarifudin Noor ◽  
Bawon Triatmoko ◽  
Nuri Nuri
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Typhoid Fever ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Water Fraction ◽  
Zone Diameter

The leaves of kenikir are known to have many benefits, one of which can be used as medicine. Kenikir leaves are reported to have antibacterial activity against the bacteria Salmonella typhi (S.typhi). S. typhi is a bacterium that causes typhoid fever. Typhoid fever is still an endemic disease in Asian countries, especially Indonesia. Typhoid fever became the third largest disease in Indonesia in 2010. The study related to the antibacterial activity of kenikir leaf fraction to S. typhi has never been reported. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct research related to the antibacterial activity of extracts and leaf fractions of kenikir to compare their potential against S. typhi. The study was conducted using the disk diffusion method using 5 series of concentrations namely 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 30%. Tests were carried out on methanol extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction. The results showed that highest inhibition zone diameter is 7,75 mm which is reached by methanol extract. The order of the highest inhibiting zone diameter are extract, hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol-water fraction.

scholarly journals Spray-Drying Microencapsulation of High Concentration of Bioactive Compounds Fragments from Euphorbia hirta L. Extract and Their Effect on Diabetes Mellitus

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 881 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ngan Tran ◽  
Minh Tran ◽  
Han Truong ◽  
Ly Le
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Fast Blood Glucose ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Euphorbia Hirta

The present study was performed to spray-dry the high concentration of bioactive compounds from Euphorbia hirta L. extracts that have antidiabetic activity. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of four different extracts (crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract) from the dried powder of Euphorbia hirta L. were determined using a spectrophotometer. After that, the fragment containing a high number of bioactive compounds underwent spray-dried microencapsulation to produce powder which had antidiabetic potential. The total phenolic content values of the crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extract were 194.55 ± 0.82, 51.85 ± 3.12, 81.56 ± 1.72 and 214.21 ± 2.53 mg/g extract, expressed as gallic acid equivalents. Crude extract, petroleum ether extract, chloroform extract and ethyl acetate extracts showed total flavonoids 40.56 ± 7.27, 29.49 ± 1.66, 64.99 ± 2.60 and 91.69 ± 1.67 mg/g extract, as rutin equivalents. Ethyl acetate extract was mixed with 20% maltodextrin in a ratio of 1:10 to spray-dry microencapsulation. The results revealed that the moisture content, bulk density, color characteristic, solubility and hygroscopicity of the samples were 4.9567 ± 0.00577%, 0.3715 ± 0.01286 g/mL, 3.7367 ± 0.1424 Hue, 95.83 ± 1.44% and 9.9890 ± 1.4538 g H2O/100 g, respectively. The spray powder was inhibited 51.19% α-amylase at 10 mg/mL and reduced 51% in fast blood glucose (FBG) after 4 h treatment. Furthermore, the administration of spray powder for 15 days significantly lowered the fast blood glucose level in streptozotocin-diabetic mice by 23.32%, whereas, acarbose—a standard antidiabetic drug—and distilled water reduced the fast blood glucose level by 30.87% and 16.89%. Our results show that obtained Euphorbia hirta L. powder has potential antidiabetic activity.

scholarly journals PHYTOCHEMICAL AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF THE LEAVES OF LANNEA KERSTINGII ENGL & K. KRAUSE (ANACADIACEAE)

2014 ◽  
Vol 04 (04) ◽  
pp. 004-009
Author(s):  
Njinga NS ◽  
Sule MI ◽  
Pateh UU ◽  
Hassan HS ◽  
Ahmad MM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Fraction ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration

AbstractThe phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of the petroleum ether and crude methanol extracts, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions of the leaves of Lannea kerstingii were investigated. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of steroids and triterpenes in the petroleum ether extract, steroid, triterpene, flavonoids and tannins in both crude methanol extract and chloroform fraction while the ethyl acetate fraction contained only flavonoids and tannins. The extracts exhibited antimicrobial activities with zones of inhibition ranging from 17.00 to 21.03, 20.10 to 25.24, 25.32 to 34.02 and 22.28 to 27.20 mm for petroleum ether extract, methanol extract, chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration was between 5 and 10mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the petroleum ether and methanol extract respectively, and between 2.5 and 5 mg/ml, 5mg/ml for the acetate fractions. The minimum bactericidal concentration for all the extracts was 40mg/ml respectively except for chloroform fraction which ranged from 20 to 40mg/ml. The minimum fungicidal concentration for all the extracts was found to be 40mg/ml respectively. This result indicates the broad spectrum antimicrobial potential of L. Kerstingii and justifies the use of this plant in traditional medicine.

scholarly journals Some phytochemical analyses of different extracts of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 120-124
Author(s):  
P.B. Lalthanpuii ◽  
Zarzokimi ◽  
K. Lalchhandama
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Imperata Cylindrica ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Flavonoid Content ◽  
Chloroform Methanol

Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel, was studied for its flavonoid and phenol contents. A series of extracts of the underground (rhizome-root) parts was prepared by hot extraction using solvents of different polarities such as chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether. The total flavonoid content of the plant extracts was determined based on the reaction with aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. Quercetin was used as a standard reference. Chloroform extract showed highest content of flavonoids with 30.88 mg QE/g dry wt., followed by petroleum ether extract which was 22.05 mg mg QE/g dry wt., and methanol extract has the least value with 7.35 mg QE/g dry wt. The total phenolic content of the plant was estimated based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard reference. Again, the chloroform extract had the highest content with 7.54 mg GAE/g dry wt., while methanol extract contained 5.03 mg GAE/g dry wt., and petroleum ether extract contained 3.63 mg mg GAE/g dry wt. Our study shows that I. cylindrica is a good source of antioxidants.

PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN VITRO ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST CLINICAL PATHOGEN OF MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT ORCHID CALANTHE MASUCA (D.DON) LINDL

2021 ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
V. Nandagopalan ◽  
D. Kavitha
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Wide Range

Calanthe masuca (D.Done) Lindl is a potential medicinal plant of terrestrial orchids. Tribal peoples were used the plants for therapeutic purpose. The present study was to evaluate the phytochemical analysis and Antimicrobial Activity of Calanthe masuca in leaf extracts. Preliminary phytochemical analysis revealed that the presence of bioactive substance in leaf extract was found that Alkaloids, Flavanoids, Phenol, Tannins, Saponins, Steroids, Terpenoids, Carboxcylic acid, Glycoside and Mucilage. Antimicrobial activity by Agar well diffusion method again six pathogenic microbes such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, E.coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bacteria, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans in fungi by using different solvent such as Aqueous, Methanol and Petroleum ether. It was observered that Methanol extract showed highest activity against the pathogen such as S.aureus (13.5 mm), B.subtilis (12.4 mm), E.coli (12.5 mm) and P.aeruginosa (13.0 mm) and then followed by the Aqueous extract and low activity showed in petroleum ether extract. The methanol extract showed signicant Antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger (14.0mm) and Candida albicans (13.0 mm) with higher concentration and Petroleum ether extract showed lower activity in fungi. The capacity of the crude concentrates of Calanthe masuca to suppress the development of microorganism which means that it has a wide range of antimicrobial potential utilized for various cures.

scholarly journals Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial activity of stem extract of Coleus forskohlii L. collected from Al-Baha Area, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 078-086
Author(s):  
Abdulaziz Yahya Al-Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Total Phenolic Content ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Phytochemical Screening

This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical screening, total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of Coleus forskohlii L. stem extract in Al-Baha area, Saudi Arabia. Stem samples were collected from Al-Baha area and air-dried followed by extraction with ethanol, petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol. The extracts were then subjected to phytochemical screening, determination of total phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Results showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, steroids, saponins, and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (274.33±3.29 mg GAE/gm), followed by ethyl acetate extract (182.94±1.82 mg GAE/gm), ethanol extract (79.63±2.02 mg GAE/gm) and petroleum ether extract (73.38±3.07 mg GAE/gm), while the lowest content was in chloroform extract (60.06±2.12 mg GAE/gm). The antioxidant activity was significantly (P<0.001) higher in n-butanol extract (67.68±1.55%), followed by ethyl acetate extract (43.38±1.27%), ethanol extract (36.02±1.29%), petroleum ether extract (20.71±0.59%) and chloroform extract (19.73±0.74%). The antimicrobial activity showed that all microorganisms tested were resistant at the concentration of 25 and 50 mg/ml of plant extracts, whereas the concentrations of 100, 150 and 200 mg/ml showed varying activities against gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and Candida albicans. The study concluded that the stem extracts of C. forskohlli have promising pharmacological and biological activities that could be beneficial in pharmaceutical as well as food and medicinal industries.

scholarly journals CRUDE EXTRACTS OF MAGNOLIA ALBA FLOWERS USING N-HEXANE AND METHANOL SOLVENTS AND THEIR ANTI-ACNE POTENTIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 3789-3793
Author(s):  
Sofia Munira
Keyword(s):  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Hexane Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Inhibition

This study aimed to test the antibacterial activity of n-hexane and methanol extracts of white cempaka flowers (Magnolia alba) against Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. The extract was obtained by using the maceration method for 72 hours. Each extract was tested for its antibacterial properties using the disc diffusion method with the variant concentration of the extract used was 0.05%; 2%; 4%; 6%; and 8%. The results showed that the methanol extract had a higher inhibition zone than the n-hexane extract. In n-hexane extract, the lowest concentration of 0.05% showed an inhibition zone of 6.6 mm and the highest concentration of 8% had an inhibition zone of 9.6 mm. Whereas in methanol extract, the inhibition zone obtained was 7.3 mm at a low concentration of 0.05%, but at the highest concentration of 8% the inhibition zone obtained was 11.6 mm. The effect of extract concentration on the diameter of the inhibition zone formed is very significant (directly proportional), where the higher the concentration used, the larger the diameter of the inhibition zone produced. Antibacterial testing for both extracts showed a weak (< 10 mm) to moderate (> 10 mm) bacterial inhibition, which was similar with the inhibition zone obtained from the positive control (11-11.3 mm; moderate bacterial inhibition).

scholarly journals Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Rumput Laut Eucheuma spinosum Segar dari Perairan Pulau Nain Sulawesi Utara

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 91
Author(s):  
Lena Jeane Damongilala ◽  
Fitje Losung ◽  
Verly Dotulong
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Inhibition Zones

Penelitian terhadap ekstrak metanol, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi butanol dari rumput laut Eucheuma spinosum menggunakan metode Disc Diffusion Test dilakukan untuk mengetahui peranannya sebagai antibakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, dan Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Sebagai kontrol digunakan ekstrak (negatif) pelarut metanol, dan Amoxicilin. Konsentrasi sampel uji ditetapkan 10.000 ppm. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan adanya  aktivitas antibakteri yang ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.  Besarnya zona hambat secara berurutan untuk ekstrak metanol, fraksi  butanol, dan fraksi etil asetat, ialah : 6,98 mm, 7,85 mm, dan 7,88 mm.  Nilai zona hambat tersebut, relatif sama untuk setiap sampel uji. Sampel uji juga menunjukkan terdapat aktivitas antibakteri, ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538.  Besarnya zona hambat secara berurutan untuk ekstrak metanol, fraksi  butanol, fraksi etil asetat,  dan kontrol negatif pelarut metanol, ialah : 7,42 mm, 14.40 mm, 7,90 mm, dan 6,75 mm.  Zona hambat fraksi butanol lebih tinggi dibanding yang lain, ini menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antibakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada fraksi butanol lebih tinggi dibanding fraksi lainnya.Kata kunci:  Antibakteri;  Eucheuma spinosum;  Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus Antibacteria Activities of Extract Sea Algae  Eucheuma spinosum Fresh from Nain Island Waters North Sulawesi  ABSTRACTA research on antibacterial activity of methanol extract, ethyl acetate, and butanol fraction from Eucheuma spinosum seaweed using the disc diffusion method to know the role as  antibacterial activity was tested against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538. Methanol was used as negative control while amoxicillin was used as positive control. The concentration of the test sample was set at 10,000 ppm. The antibacterial activity was indicated by the formation of an inhibition zone against the tested microorganisms. The inhibition zones against E.coli for methanol extract, butanol fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were 6.98 mm, 7.85 mm, and 7.88 mm, respectively.  The value of the zone of inhibition is relatively the same for each sample.  In addition, the inhibition zones of methanol extract, butanol and ethyl acetate fraction against Staphylococcus aureus were 7.42 mm, 14.40 mm, 7.90 mm, and 6.75 mm, respectively. The inhibition zone of the butanol fraction is higher than the others, this indicated that the antibacterial activity for butanol fraction is higher than other fractions. Keywords: Antibacterial activity; Eucheuma spinosum; Escherichia coli; Staphylococcus aureus

scholarly journals ASSESSING THE BIOACTIVITY AND ANTIOXIDATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME COMPOUNDS ISOLATED FROM ABUTILON HIRTUM (LAM.)

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manal Mortady Hamed ◽  
Laila Abdel-ghany Refahy ◽  
Mohamed Sayed Abdel-aziz
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Methanol Extract ◽  
Carcinoma Cell ◽  
Petroleum Ether Extract ◽  
Agar Plate ◽  
Liver Carcinoma ◽  
Pharmacological Activities ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Aqueous Meoh

ABSTRACTObjectives: The present study on the methanol extract of Abutilon hirtum (Lam.) [Malvaceae] afforded ten compounds. Findings from this assessmentindicated that A. hirtum leaves possessed vast potential as medicinal product especially in liver cancer treatment.Methods: Dried-powdered leaves were boiled under reflux in 10 L of petroleum ether for 8 hrs. After filtration, the solvent was evaporated; afforded15 g of petroleum ether extract followed by boiling with reflux for 8 hrs with chloroform, then filtration and the residue was evaporated to give 34 gchloroform extract. Ethyl acetate was added and refluxed for 8 hrs, then filtration and evaporation to give 31 g ethyl acetate extract. Finally the leaveswere refluxed with 10 L of 85 % aqueous MeOH, after cooling, the solution was filtered and evaporated and the residue was 210 g methanol extractthen the residue was dissolved in de-ionized water (250 ml), then the salt was removed by adding excess methanol solution (2.5 L), and finally filtered.The cytotoxicity of the isolated compounds was evaluated towards HepG2 liver-carcinoma cell line using MTT assay, the antimicrobial activity wastested using the Disc agar plate method and the total antioxidant capacity was determined according to phosphomolybdenum method.Results: The isolated compounds identified as methyl gallate, cuneataside E, bergapten, gallic acid, ellagic acid, epigallocatechin-3-O-gallate,kaempferol-3-O-α-L-rhamnoside, benzyl-1-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, 2(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside and β-sitosterol. All the isolatedcompounds are known; but they were isolated from Abutilon hirtum for the first time.Conclusion: This report may serve as a footprint concerning the biological and pharmacological activities of A. hirtum leaves.Keywords: Abutilon hirtum, Malvaceae, HepG2, Phenolics, Antioxidant. 

scholarly journals Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activity of Pomegranate Peel Extracts Obtained by Sequential Extraction Method

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 14-20
Author(s):  
Missa Mohammed Saleh Abdealsiede ◽  
Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid ◽  
Mei Musa Ali Omar ◽  
Abdalla Ahmed Elbashir
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Punica Granatum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Ethanol Extracts

Punica granatum L. (Pomegranate) is a plant belongs to Lythraceae family. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of  petroleum ether, chloroform , acetone, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts from the peel fruit of Punica granatum against standard microorganism.  This plant has been used as a traditional treatment for several diseases such as microbial infections. Extracts were evaluated for their effectiveness against four bacterial strains including both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria as well as fungal species (Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger) using disc diffusion method. The ethyl acetate, acetone and petroleum ether extracts showed higher antibacterial activity than the chloroform and ethanol extracts with inhibition zone ranged between (7-16 mm). The petroleum ether and chloroform extracts showed the higher antifungal activity compared with the other extracts, the diameter inhibition zone ranged between (11-16 mm). The antioxidant potential of peel extracts was determined on the basis of their scavenging activity of the stable 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and 2,2'azino-bis(ethyl benzthiazoline -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS+). All extracts showed high antioxidant activity . The highest result of antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging assay was in acetone extract (89.40%), but high result by ABTS in ethanol extract (72.07%). KEYWORDS: 

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