scholarly journals POSITIVE ACCOUNTING THEORY (PAT): TELAAH LITERATUR DARI BERBAGAI PERSPEKTIF

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Magda Nana
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Positive Research ◽  
Normative Approach ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
The World ◽  
Accounting Theory ◽  
Positive Accounting Theory

<p><em>Watts and Zimmermen are the represents the first developer of Positive Accounting Theory (PAT) which has provided a new direction in the development of accounting research in the mid-1960s. In the 1940s and early 1960s research in accounting is dominated by normative research that more emphasis on what should happen in the world of accounting. This differs from the PAT that put more emphasis on how accounting theory can explain and predict the phenomena occurring in the real world of accounting.</em></p><p><em>The friction from normative to positive approaches that occur in accounting research, several things happen because of, among others: (1) the inability of the normative approach in testing the theory empirically, (2) normative approach is more focused on investors, and (3) normative approach does not allow the allocation of capital </em><em>in the stock market. Now days a lot of positive research is dominated by the accounting practices related to decision making for investors. Many researchers who have PAT provides empirical evidence about accounting practices, such as Ball and Brown, Healy, Jensen and Meckling and many other researchers.</em></p><p><em>In addition to providing new insights in accounting research, PAT proposed by Watts and Zimmermen also getting some criticism from researchers in the environment of accounting, such as Sterling, Christenson and some other researchers associated with the methods, methodologies and the development of the PAT.</em></p><p><strong><em> </em></strong></p><p><em>Key</em><em> </em><em>word<strong>:</strong> Positive accounting theory, some critical to positive accounting theory</em></p>

Multimedia Instructional Materials in MIS Classrooms

2011 ◽  
pp. 717-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy V. Bradley ◽  
Victor Mbarika ◽  
Chetan S. Sankar ◽  
P. K. Raju
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information System ◽  
Real World ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Technical Expertise ◽  
Business World ◽  
Computing Machinery ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
The World ◽  
Skill Shortages

Researchers and major computing associations such as the Association of Information Systems (AIS) and the Association of Computing Machinery (ACM) have invested much effort in the last two decades to shape the information system (IS) curriculum in a way that addresses developments and rapid changes in the IS industry (Gorgone, Gray, Feinstein, Kasper, Luftman, Stohr et al., 2000; Nunamaker, Couger & Davis, 1982). A major objective has been to help overcome the skill shortages that exist in the IS field, a trend that is expected to continue in the years ahead (Gorgone et al., 2000). While there exist a plethora of students joining IS programs around the world (usually for the remunerative promises that goes with an IS degree), students do not seem to gain the kind of knowledge and technical expertise needed to face real-world challenges when they take on positions in the business world. There is, therefore, the need to prepare IS students for real-world challenges by developing their technical and decision-making skills.

scholarly journals TESTING RATIONAL EXPECTATIONS HYPOTHESIS IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR IN MALAYSIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chin-Hong Puah ◽  
Shirly Siew-Ling Wong ◽  
Venus Khim-Sen Liew
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Real World ◽  
Rational Expectations ◽  
Manufacturing Sector ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Manufacturing Firms ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Expectations Hypothesis ◽  
The World ◽  
Economic Thinking

The application of rational expectations hypothesis (REH) in macroeconomic research has marked a revolution in economic thinking, and the magnitude of its impact on the world of economics is undeniably significant. However, the extent to which REH applies in real-world settings is ambiguous even though the concept of REH is well established in economics literature because empirical evidence from previous studies is clearly mixed. This study used survey data on gross revenue and capital expenditures to examine the validity of REH in Malaysian manufacturing business expectations. Empirical results indicated that the manufacturers’ expectations are being irrationally constructed in terms of gross revenue predictions but comply with REH properties in Muth's sense in the case of capital expenditures forecasts. Therefore, manufacturing firms in Malaysia are encouraged to incorporate more relevant information into their gross revenue predictions to provide more accurate and realistic forecasting.

scholarly journals An application of Rolling chaos 0-1 test on Stock Market

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Christian Espinoza ◽  
Juan Gorigoitía
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
Wavelet Denoising ◽  
Time Period ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World

In this paper we apply a rolling 0-1 test for chaos on different stock market indices returns in the world, considering different time period windows to capture the effects of adding new information. A rolling sample is defined for each index and at the same time, wavelet denoising has been employed since approximately 1995 to the end of 2012. Empirical evidence of continuous chaotic behavior for all indices is found.

Equivalency Framing in Political Decision Making

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asmus Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
Real World ◽  
Standard Form ◽  
World Politics ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
The World ◽  
Actual Use ◽  
Political Decision Making

Politics is increasingly reliant on numerical descriptions of the world. Numbers are relied upon for their ability to communicate some unambiguous facts of life. Equivalence frames are equivalent descriptions of the same quantity and they help us understand how different ways of presenting the objectively same piece of numerical information affect political behavior. Equivalence framing effects denote that these different presentation of the fundamentally same fact have very profound effects on preferences. However, most research in political behavior have relied on other forms of framing and largely regarded equivalence framing as a well-defined concept without much relevance to real-world politics. The standard form of equivalence framing changes the valence of a label which describes the same numerical fact. This form of negative and positive framing of the same metric will often elicit very different responses for the recipient of the information. A less studied type of equivalence framing in political behavior manipulates the same numerical fact but with a different metric or scale. These have often not been explicitly recognized as equivalence frames but are clearly an important example in a world of numbers. As for valence manipulation, changing the metric can also have profound effects. Moving forward studies of equivalence framing must both gain a better descriptive understanding of the actual use and abuse of equivalence frames in observational setting and at the same time aim to understand the causal properties of equivalence frames in the field—outside the controlled environment of the survey or lab where they most often are studied.

scholarly journals Translators as Well as Thinkers: Teaching of Journalistic Translation in Hong Kong1

2006 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 611-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Defeng Li
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Real World ◽  
The Real ◽  
The World ◽  
Translator Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Translation Methods

Abstract Hong Kong is probably one of the most exciting places in the world to study translation as a student or a researcher. Seven out of the eight universities offer translation degrees. Among others, journalistic translation has always been one of the most popular courses for students. However, students have often felt underprepared in journalistic translation even after taking some related courses. This study argues, with the support of empirical evidence that one of the major reasons accountable for this is the gap between institutional translator training and the real world of professional translation, which, in the context of journalistic translation, manifests itself as the difference in translation methods taught in translation programs and used in professional practice. The author further contends that this gap needs to be bridged in order to better prepare student translators for the market. Recommendations are also made as to how the gap can be narrowed or bridged.

scholarly journals The problems with delay discounting: a critical review of current practices and clinical applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Allen J. Bailey ◽  
Ricardo J. Romeu ◽  
Peter R. Finn
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Delay Discounting ◽  
Real World ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Summary Measure ◽  
Psychological Dysfunction ◽  
Specific Disorders ◽  
Striking Contrast

Abstract Delay discounting paradigms have gained widespread popularity across clinical research. Given the prevalence in the field, researchers have set lofty expectations for the importance of delay discounting as a key transdiagnostic process and a ‘core’ process underlying specific domains of dysfunction (e.g. addiction). We believe delay discounting has been prematurely reified as, in and of itself, a core process underlying psychological dysfunction, despite significant concerns with the construct validity of discounting rates. Specifically, high delay discounting rates are only modestly related to measures of psychological dysfunction and therefore are not ‘core’ to these more complex behavioral problems. Furthermore, discounting rates do not appear to be specifically related to any disorder(s) or dimension(s) of psychopathology. This raises fundamental concerns about the utility of discounting, if the measure is only loosely associated with most forms of psychopathology. This stands in striking contrast to claims that discounting can serve as a ‘marker’ for specific disorders, despite never demonstrating adequate sensitivity or specificity for any disorder that we are aware of. Finally, empirical evidence does not support the generalizability of discounting rates to other decisions made either in the lab or in the real-world, and therefore discounting rates cannot and should not serve as a summary measure of an individual's decision-making patterns. We provide recommendations for improving future delay discounting research, but also strongly encourage researchers to consider whether the empirical evidence supports the field's hyper-focus on discounting.

scholarly journals A System for Enhancing Human-level Performance in COVID-19 Antibody Detection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Victor Henrique Alves Ribeiro ◽  
Gabriela Steinhaus ◽  
Evair Borges Severo ◽  
José Raniery Ferreira Junior ◽  
Luiz José Lucas Barbosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Decision Making ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Real World ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Remote Laboratory ◽  
The World ◽  
Level Performance

The world currently suffers from the global COVID-19 pandemic. Billions of people have been impacted, and millions of casualties have already occurred. Therefore, it is of extreme importance to identify individuals contaminated by SARS-CoV-2, allowing governments to plan actions to reduce further impacts. In this context, this work employed machine learning to improve the detection of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in blood exams. Models have been developed in a real-world scenario with 500 thousand exams and were deployed in a remote laboratory for experiments. Results indicate that the models averaged sensitivity and specificity of 95%, and thus, they could aid COVID-19 antibody detection and the decision-making process of biomedical specialists.

Mathematical Explorations: Variables and Spreadsheets Connect with Real-World Problems

2008 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 423-431
Author(s):  
Margaret L. Niess ◽  
Pejmon Sadri ◽  
Kwangho Lee
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Mathematical Connections ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Spreadsheet Software ◽  
Real World Problems

Spreadsheet software is generally available in schools and is in wide-spread use in business. The use of spreadsheets can help students make mathematical connections with problems in the world around them. Many real-life quantitative problems require algebra for decision making. Examples include the impact of rising gas prices on family budgets; the amount of gasoline left in the tank of a car and the distance to the nearest gas station; and the level of monthly income versus money needed to pay for food, rent, utilities, and clothing. Although these issues do not require complex mathematics, they do require knowledge of basic algebra involving variables and equations.

scholarly journals Costruire scenari per il futuro

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-146
Author(s):  
Silvano Tagliagambe
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Social Economic ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
The Real ◽  
Unified Theories ◽  
The World ◽  
Project Data

In 2008 Chris Anderson wrote a provocative piece titled The End of Theory. The idea being that we no longer need to abstract and hypothesis; we simply need to let machines lead us to the patterns, trends, and relationships in social, economic, political, and environmental relationships. According to Anderson, the new availability of huge amounts of data offers a whole new way of understanding the world. Correlation supersedes causation, and science can advance even without coherent models and unified theories. But numbers, contrary to Anderson’s assertion, do not, in fact, speak for themselves. From the neuroscience’s standpoint, every choice we make is a reflection of an, often unstated, set of assumptions and hypotheses about what we want and expect from the data: no assertion, no prediction, no decision making is possible without an a priori opinion, without a project. Data-driven science essentially refers to the application of mathematics and technology on data to extract insights for problems, which are very clearly defined. In the real world, however, not all problems are such. To help solve them, one needs to understand and appreciate the context. The problem of landscape becomes, for this reason, critical and decisive. It requires an interdisciplinary approach consisting of several different competencies and skills.

scholarly journals Corporate Sustainability – From a Fuzzy Concept to a Coherent Reality

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 112-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Ogrean ◽  
Mihaela Herciu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Analysis ◽  
Real World ◽  
Corporate Sustainability ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Global System ◽  
Fuzzy Concept ◽  
The World

AbstractDuring the last few decades, the search for sustainability has experienced a tremendous momentum, encompassing all the levels of the global system. Fuelled by complex (both proactive and reactive) motivators, the process has surpassed the characteristics of an intellectual endeavor – more preoccupied by idealist goals, and less focused on the actual means to achieve them – and has proved that it can successfully be transposed into the corporate real world – of decision making, objective assessment, and relentless scrutiny. The paper aims to (broadly) explore the world of the most sustainable corporations – based on a descriptive (factual and dynamic) analysis of Corporate Knight’s annual rankings (2016-2018) of the Most Sustainable Corporations – in order to: (a). determine (by comparing and contrasting) the main features these organizations – able to transform the fuzzy concept of corporate sustainability into a coherent reality – display; and (b). set the premises for future (narrower) researches – aiming to explain the “how-s” behind the design, development and implementation of the strategies these corporations follow in their search for (sustainable) competitiveness.

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