scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN BAHASA INDONESIA SEBAGAI SYARAT OBYEKTIF DALAM PEMBUATAN PERJANJIAN PINJAM MEMINJAM (AKAD ‘ARIYAH) YANG BERBENTUK AKTA OTENTIK: Studi Kasus Terhadap Putusan Hakim Mahkamah Agung No. 1572 K/Pdt/2015

JURISDICTIE ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Nur Irma Rahayu ◽  
Rachmat Syafa'at ◽  
Aan Eko Widiarto

<p>Halal cause is an essential element in Indonesian legal agreement. Its definition in the Article 1320 of Civil Code Procedure is unclearly elaborated leading to multi interpretations. There is even Judge’s interpretation in the language use that cause its invalidity only because Indonesian language is considered as a halal cause. This leads to uncertainty of all parties involved in a agreement. This research discusses the accuracy of ratio legis of Supreme Court judges in decree Number 1572 K.Pdt.2015 that decides the authentic deeds of loan agreement and fiduciary guarantee for an object as void at law. The researcher employs normative juridical method. The approaches employed are legislation, conceptual, and case. The research reveals, there is irrelevant interpretation of halal cause by Supreme Court judges in decree 1572/K/Pdt/2015 when related to the Article 1320 of Civil Code Procedure and Rasio legis of the judges; the decision has overlooked the provision of foreign language use in the authentic deeds as regulated in notary office law. It is because the legal framework used infringes the principle of lex spesialis derogat legi generalli. Furthermore, the legal consequence toward the authentic deeds regarding the use of foreign language agreed by all agreement parties written in decree Number 1572 K.Pdt.2015 should not be void at law because it does not guarantee the legal certainty of all deed makers.</p><p><br />Kausa halal merupakan unsur krusial dalam Hukum perjanjian Indonesia. Maknanya dalam pasal 1320 KUHPerdata kurang terjabar jelas sehingga ada multi tafsir. Bahkan ada penafsiran Hakim terhadap bahasa ini yang berakibat pembatalan akta hanya karena menganggap Bahasa Indonesia masuk dalam kausa halal. Hal ini membuat ketidakpastian pihak pembuat perjanjian. Penelitian ini membahas ketepatan rasio legis hakim Mahkamah Agung dalam putusan No. 1572 K.Pdt.2015 yang memutuskan batal demi hukum akta otentik perjanjian pinjam-meminjam dan perjanjian Jaminan Fidusia Atas Benda. Peneliti menggunakan metode yuridis normatif. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian, hakim Mahkamah Agung kurang tepat dalam memaknai kausa halal No. 1572/K/Pdt/2015 yang terkait dengan pasal 1320 KUHperdata dan rasio legis hakim; keputusannya mengesampingkan ketentuan penggunaan bahasa asing dalam akta otentik yang telah diatur Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris. hal ini karena dasar-dasar hukum yang digunakan hakim tidak tepat yaitu menyalahi asas lex spesialis derogat legi generalli. Serta, akibat hukum terhadap akta otentik perjanjiannya yang telah disepakati para pihak dengan menggunakan bahasa asing dalam putusan No. 1572 K.Pdt.2015 seharusnya tidak menjadi batal demi hukum karena putusan tersebut tidak menjamin kepastian hukum para pihak pembuat akta.</p>

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hazar Kusmayanti ◽  
Tri Utami Warapsari ◽  
Linda Rachmainy

Abstract:A legally created agreement applies as law to those who make it. The terms of the validity of an agreement are regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). If the terms of the validity of the agreement are not fulfilled, then the legal consequences arising from such agreements can be annulled or null and void. The practice in society can be seen in The Supreme Court Ruling Number 3002 K/PDT/2015, there was married couple who are while in the period of marriage bonds, made agreements in front of the Notary and written down in Notarial Deed Number 72, which content is concerning the demand of child’s living cost for a lifetime, asked by the wife to the husband when the divorce happens later. The Supreme Court Ruling Number 3002 K/PDT/2015 states that the demand of living cost agreement is invalid and can be annulled because it does not meet one of the requirements of the validity of the agreement, which is lawful reason as regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The purpose of this study is to know the Supreme Court Ruling on the validity of the demands of living cost agreement and legal consequence of the agreement based on the Civil Code.Keywords: the validity of the demands of living cost agreement, legal consequence of the agreement Abstrak:Suatu perjanjian yang dibuat secara sah berlaku sebagai undang-undang bagi mereka yang membuatnya. Syarat-syarat sahnya suatu perjanjian diatur di dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata). Apabila syarat-syarat sahnya perjanjian tidak terpenuhi, maka akibat hukum yang ditimbulkan adalah perjanjian tersebut dapat dibatalkan atau batal demi hukum. Dalam praktek di masyarakat sebagaimana yang ada pada Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3002 K/PDT/2015, terdapat pasangan suami istri yang dalam masa ikatan perkawinan membuat perjanjian di hadapan Notaris dan dituangkan di dalam Akta Notaris Nomor 72, isinya menyangkut tuntutan nafkah hidup untuk anak dan dimintakan selama seumur hidup yang diajukan oleh istri kepada suami apabila kelak terjadi perceraian. Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 3002 K/PDT/2015 menyatakan bahwa perjanjian tuntutan nafkah tersebut tidak sah dan dapat dibatalkan karena tidak memenuhi salah satu syarat sahnya perjanjian yaitu syarat sebab yang halal yang diatur di dalam Pasal 1320 Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui putusan Mahkamah Agung tentang keabsahan perjanjian tuntutan nafkah dan akibat hukum perjanjian tersebut ditinjau dari Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata).Kata Kunci: keabsahan perjanjian tuntutan nafkah, akibat hukum perjanjian


Author(s):  
Cristina Cojocaru

Abstract According to the Romanian legislation, the parties may agree in writing that the disputes concerning goods and other rights deriving from the non-performance of the contract be judged by other courts that, according to the law, would have territorial jurisdiction to hear the case, unless the competence of the court is exclusive. By decision no. 18/2016 the Romanian High Court of Cassation and Justice, through the competent division to judge the appeal in the interest of the law, decided that in matters of procedural substantive (material) jurisdiction of the specialized courts, the competence of the specialized courts is determined depending on the object or the nature of disputes such as those considered examples by art. 226 paragraph 1 of Law no. 71/2011 on the application of Law no. 287/2009 on Civil Code. Considering also this decision, the article aims to analyze the practical implications of another recent decision of the Romanian supreme court, namely Decision no. 561/2018, on the competence of the specialized court in litigations between entrepreneurs and, without claiming to cover extensively the subject, to offer a view on the Romanian current legal framework, on the court jurisdiction and the notion of professional, underlining the freedom of entrepreneurs or professionals of choosing the relevant court.


LITERA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emi Nursanti ◽  
Erna Andriyanti ◽  
Paulus Kurnianta ◽  
Titik Sudartinah

As a multilingual country, the Indonesian government has set the positions of local language, national language, and foreign language in education through Law of National Education System No.20 of 2003, Chapter VII, Article 33. Fifteen years passed and this paper seeks to find the results of the law in higher education students by investigating the patterns of language use of multilingual students in English Literature Study Program of FBS UNY. This is a descriptive study with parallel mixed method design. The data in this study were responses upon questions in the questionnaires distributed to respondents where the results were then analyzed quantitatively by using SPSS (17) and the results of interviews were analyzed qualitatively. The source of data in this study were 162 respondents who were students of English Literature study program, Faculty of Languages and Arts, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta year 2015-2017. The results show that at home, more than 60% of students use Javanese with intimacy and habit as motivating factors. As English Literature students, they are more exposed to media in Bahasa Indonesia. On the campus, English is only used for academic purposes, Bahasa Indonesia for communicating with lecturers while Javanese is for a casual talk with classmates. Javanese is close to traditional commerce while for the modern one, they prefer to use Bahasa Indonesia. For cognitive and mental activities, Bahasa Indonesia is the most dominant, and Javanese is used more than English. These results imply that rather than conforming to the law made by the government, contexts play a more important role in forming people’s language choices.Keywords: multilingualism, local language, national language, foreign language, English Literature UNY POLA PENGGUNAAN BAHASA MAHASISWA MULTILINGUAL JURUSAN BAHASA INGGRISSebagai negara multibahasa, pemerintah Indonesia telah menetapkan posisi bahasa daerah, bahasa nasional, dan bahasa asing dalam pendidikan melalui Undang-Undang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional No.20 tahun 2003, Bab VII, Pasal 33. Lima belas tahun telah berlalu dan tulisan ini berupaya untuk menemukan penerapan hasil hukum tersebut pada mahasiswa dengan menyelidiki pola penggunaan bahasa mahasiswa multibahasa di Program Studi Sastra Inggris FBS UNY. Ini adalah penelitian deskriptif dengan metode campuran paralel. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tanggapan mahasiswa terhadap pertanyaan dalam kuesioner yang hasilnya kemudian dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan menggunakan SPSS (17) serta hasil wawancara yang dianalisis secara kualitatif. Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah 162 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa program studi Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta angkatan tahun 2015-2017. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa di rumah, lebih dari 60% mahasiswa menggunakan bahasa Jawa dengan keakraban dan kebiasaan sebagai faktor pendorongnya. Sebagai mahasiswa Sastra Inggris, mereka lebih terpapar media dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Di kampus, bahasa Inggris hanya digunakan untuk tujuan akademik, Bahasa Indonesia untuk berkomunikasi dengan dosen, dan bahasa Jawa untuk percakapan santai dengan teman. Bahasa Jawa sangat dekat dengan perdagangan tradisional, sedangkan untuk perdagangan modern, mereka lebih memilih untuk menggunakan Bahasa Indonesia. Untuk kegiatan kognitif dan mental, Bahasa Indonesia adalah yang paling dominan, dan bahasa Jawa digunakan lebih dari bahasa Inggris. Hasil ini menyiratkan bahwa alih-alih menyesuaikan ketentuan yang telah dibuat oleh pemerintah, konteks memainkan peranan yang lebih penting dalam membentuk pilihan bahasa penggunanya.Kata kunci: multilingualisme, bahasa daerah, bahasa nasional, bahasa asing, Sastra Inggris UNY


2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thoyib Thoyib ◽  
Hasanatul Hamidah

<p><em>Abstrak</em><strong> - Peristiwa gangguan fonologis dapat terjadi karena kontak dua bahasa. Interaksi Arab dan Indonesia memungkinkan kontak bahasa yang dapat menyebabkan pengguna bahasa asing mengalami gangguan fonologis dan gramatikal. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada gangguan fonologis pada siswa non-Arab Universitas Al-Azhar Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan informasi tentang gangguan fonemik pada pelajar pemula bahasa Arab. Studi ini juga memberikan manfaat bagi guru bahasa Arab di Indonesia untuk menemukan metode dan strategi pembelajaran yang sesuai. Metode deskriptif dan metode kontrasif digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan rekaman suara pada 12 siswa dari 6 fakultas dengan cara membaca fonem bahasa Arab. Berdasarkan rekaman, ditemukan 14 gangguan nada konsonan: / ġ / direalisasikan sebagai [g], / q / direalisasikan sebagai [k], / ś / direalisasikan sebagai [s], / ʕ / direalisasikan sebagai [?], / ŧ / disadari sebagai [ṣ], / ṣ / direalisasikan sebagai [s], / x / direalisasikan sebagai [h] dan [ħ] / ħ / direalisasikan sebagai [h], / đ / direalisasikan sebagai [d] dan [ð], / ð / direalisasikan sebagai [z], / θ / direalisasikan sebagai [s], / ż / direalisasikan sebagai [z] dan [ð], / h / direalisasikan sebagai [ħ]. Intervensi vokal ditemukan dalam 4 vokal: pendek / a / vokal yang direalisasikan sebagai [ɔ], long / a: / vokal yang direalisasikan sebagai [o], / i: / disadari sebagai [i] dan / u: / disadari sebagai [u] . Penyimpangan yang paling sering ditemukan dalam konsonan / ż / direalisasikan sebagai [z] dan konsonan / θ / direalisasikan sebanyak 29,76%. Tingkat gangguan masing-masing responden dipengaruhi oleh dua hal: durasi belajar dan frekuensi penggunaan bahasa sehari-hari.</strong></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci – </em></strong><em>Gangguan, Konsonan, Vokal, Artikulasi<strong></strong></em></p><p><strong> </strong></p><p><em>Abstract </em><strong>- Phonological interference events may occur due to two-language contacts. An Arab and Indonesian interaction allows a language contact that can lead foreign language users to experience phonological and grammatical interferences. This study is focused on phonological interferences on non-Arabic students of the Al-Azhar University of Indonesia. The objective of this study is to provide information on phonemic interferences in novice Arabic learners. This study also gives merits to Arabic teachers in Indonesia to find appropriate learning methods and strategies. Descriptive method and contrastive method were employed in this study. Data collection was conducted using sound recordings on 12 students of 6 faculties by way of reading of Arabic phonemes. Based on the recordings, 14 consonant-tone interferences were found: /ġ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> </strong><strong>[g], </strong><strong>/q/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [k], /ś/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [s], /ʕ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [?], /ŧ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [t], /z/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [ṣ],</strong><strong> </strong><strong>/ṣ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [s], /x/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [h]</strong><strong> and </strong><strong>[ħ]/ħ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [h], /đ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [d]  </strong><strong>and </strong><strong>[ð], /ð/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [z], /θ/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [s], /ż/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [z]  </strong><strong>and</strong><strong> [ð], /h/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> [ħ]</strong><strong>.</strong><strong> Vowel interferences were found in 4 vowels: short /a/ vowel realized as [ɔ], long /a:/ vowel realized as [o], /i:/ realized as [i] and /u:/ realized as [u]. The most frequent deviations were found in consonant /ż/ </strong><strong>realized as</strong><strong> </strong><strong>[z] and consonant /θ/ realized as [s] as much as 29.76%. The interference level of each respondent was influenced by two things: the duration of learning and the frequency of day-to-day language use.</strong></p><p> </p><pre><strong><em>Keywords - </em></strong><em>Interference</em><em>, </em><em>Consonants</em><em>, </em><em>Vowels</em><em>, </em><em>Articulation</em></pre>


Acta Comitas ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
Ni Made Ayu Pasek Dwilaksmi

Indonesian is the national language as regulated in Act Number 24 of 2009. Therefore Indonesian language must be used for formal matters, one of which is in the context of the formulation of the agreement. In fact, in Indonesia there are agreements that use foreign languages, especially agreements involving foreign citizens in it. The purpose of writing this journal is to find out and analyze the arrangements regarding foreign language agreements in Indonesia and the legal consequences of violating the obligation to use the national language of Indonesia in agreements with foreign parties. This journal is doctrinal (normative) which uses a statutory and conceptual approach. Legal materials consist of primary and secondary legal materials which are then analyzed qualitatively. The conclusions that can be obtained in this journal include: (1) Arrangements regarding foreign language Act Number 24 of 2009 which basically stipulates that an agreement must use Indonesian language and must also use a foreign language rather than a foreign party. it originates; (2) Violation of the obligation to use Indonesian in an agreement with a foreign party is not regulated in Act Number 24 of 2009. However, if it is guided by the theory of interpretation of the legislation, namely a systematic interpretation, that the agreement that does not use Indonesian is a prohibited cause as referred to in Article 1320 and Article 1337 of the Civil Code. Therefore, the objective conditions in the agreement were not fulfilled and the agreement was considered null and void.


2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 674
Author(s):  
Ahyati Kurniamala Niswariyana ◽  
Titin Untari ◽  
Supratman Supratman ◽  
Linda Ayu Darmurtika ◽  
Arpan Islami Bilal

ABSTRAKPara siswa yang belajar di Yayasan Tanah Bintang merupakan siswa yang ingin belajar ekstra. Siswa-siswa tersebut pagi hari belajar di sekolah formal, sore hari belajar bahasa asing dan kerajinan tangan di yayasan. Untuk pembelajaran bahasa, bahasa Indonesia digunakan sebagai bahasa pengantar sebab guru dan siswa adalah penutur bahasa Indonesia sekaligus pembelajar bahasa asing. Pada saat berinteraksi di kelas, para siswa menggunakan bahasa Indonesia nonformal, jauh dari kata benar. Pelaksanaan pengabdian ini memiliki tujuan agar para siswa dapat mengenal bahasanya sendiri  sebelum mempelajari bahasa asing, hal ini juga akan berdampak pada pengenalan bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar pada warga asing yang tengah belajar bahasa Indonesia. Sehingga bahasa Indonesia yang digunakan tidak merujuk pada bahasa kontemporer atau bahasa gaul, akan tetapi mengacu pada kaidah bahasa Indonesia yang baik dan benar, yakni bahasa lisan yang dapat dipahami lawan bicara serta tidak menyinggung yang sesuai dengan etika berbahasa, dan bahasa tulis yang memiliki acuan jelas yakni PUEBI dan KBBI. Kegiatan pengabdian yang berlangsung selama 4 kali pertemuan ini dinilai berhasil, peserta mengalami kemajuan dari pengetahuan tentang bahasa yang baik dan benar. Hasil akhir yang tampak adalah bahwa peserta mulai memahami perbedaan Bahasa yang baik dan Bahasa yang benar, serta penempatannya dalam berkomunikasi dan menulis. Kata kunci: pembelajaran; bahasa indonesia; baik dan benar ABSTRACTThe students of Tanah Bintang Fondation are those who want to have extra learning. Beside studying formally at school, they also learn about foreign language and handicrafts at the foundation. In language learning, Indonesian Language is used as an instruction since teachers and students are the native speakers while studying foreign language. During classroom activity, students usually use non-formal Indonesian which is unstandardized. That is the reason of this devotion, in order to help students to comprehend and understand their Indonesian firstly before learning other foreign languages. It is also aimed at impacting foreigners vice versa to learn Indonesian correctly as standardized. Therefore, the use of Indonesian will refer to Official Indonesian Spelling System rather than slang and contemporary language. The use in spoken language must be understood by interlocutors and should not offend the language etiquette . Other, in written language must be based on PUEBI and KBBI references. The four times meeting devotional has successful to take place due to the enhanced knowledge about the use of correct language itself. The result is participants now has been able to differentiate between standard and unstandard language use both in speaking and writing. Keywords: learning; Indonesian language; good and right


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan

Based on the perspective that motivation is an essential element for learning and academic achievement nor challenge that its components are not directly observable variables, I was empirically examined the instrument through rigorous survey data. The instrument used was Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II) that translated into Indonesian Language. The 4 expert judged my Indonesian translation version of SMQ-II and 240 students responded to this version. It assesses five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, career motivation, and grade motivation. The findings of this work show that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable and that the entire questionnaire can be completed in about 15 minutes. Through this work, I suggest my version of SMQ-II in Bahasa Indonesia can be used as an efficient instrument for assessing components of students’ motivation to learn science in Indonesia secondary school.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Whasfi Velasufah ◽  
Adib Rifqi Setiawan

Based on the perspective that motivation is an essential element for learning and academic achievement nor challenge that its components are not directly observable variables, we have examined empirically the instrument through rigorous survey data. The instrument used was Science Motivation Questionnaire II (SMQ-II) that translated into Bahasa Indonesia. The 4 expert judged our Indonesian translation version of SMQ-II and 240 students responded to this version. It assesses five motivation components: intrinsic motivation, self-determination, self-efficacy, career motivation, and grade motivation. The findings of this work shows that the questionnaire is a valid and reliable and the entire questionnaire can be completed in about 15 minutes. Through this work, we suggest our version of SMQ-II in Bahasa Indonesia as an efficient instrument for assessing components of Indonesia students’ motivation to learn in various learning context.


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